Radiographics最新文献

{"title":"US of the Penis: Beyond Erectile Dysfunction.","authors":"Ying Ying Kho, Sally Hsueh Er Lee, Kenneth Chin, Nur Zakiah Sidek, Voon Chee Ma, Dorothy Hkawn Seng, Sihui Cai, Lee Wei Tan, Si Min Teo, Apoorva Gogna, Ankur Patel, Nanda Venkatanarasimha","doi":"10.1148/rg.230157","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-frequency US, with a linear transducer and gray-scale, color, and spectral Doppler US techniques, is the primary imaging modality for evaluation of the penis. It can allow delineation of anatomy and assessment of dynamic blood flow; it is easily available and noninvasive or minimally invasive; it is cost effective; and it is well tolerated by patients. US assessment after pharmacologic induction of erection is an additional tool in assessing patients with suspected vasculogenic impotence, and also in selected patients with penile trauma and suspected Peyronie disease. Penile injuries, life-threatening infections, and vascular conditions such as priapism warrant rapid diagnosis to prevent long-term morbidities due to clinical misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. US can facilitate a timely diagnosis in these emergency conditions, even at the point of care such as the emergency department, which can facilitate timely treatment. In addition, color and spectral Doppler US are valuable applications in the follow-up of patients treated with endovascular revascularization procedures for vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Image optimization and attention to meticulous techniques including Doppler US is vital to improve diagnostic accuracy. Radiologists should be familiar with the detailed US anatomy, pathophysiologic characteristics, scanning techniques, potential pitfalls, and US manifestations of a wide spectrum of vascular and nonvascular penile conditions to suggest an accurate diagnosis and direct further management. The authors review a range of common and uncommon abnormalities of the penis, highlight their key US features, discuss differential diagnosis considerations, and briefly review management. ^©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Commentary: Gastrointestinal Transit Scintigraphy: Adherence to Current Imaging Standards and Future Directions.","authors":"Alan H Maurer, Henry Parkman","doi":"10.1148/rg.240135","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e240135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11154099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Role of CT in Management of Pulmonary Fibrosis.","authors":"Kum Ju Chae, Hye Jeon Hwang, Rosane Duarte Achcar, Joseph C Cooley, Stephen M Humphries, Seth Kligerman, David A Lynch","doi":"10.1148/rg.230165","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the approval of antifibrotic medications to treat patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, radiologists have an integral role in diagnosing these entities and guiding treatment decisions. CT features of early pulmonary fibrosis include irregular thickening of interlobular septa, pleura, and intralobular linear structures, with subsequent progression to reticular abnormality, traction bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis, and honeycombing. CT patterns of fibrotic lung disease can often be reliably classified on the basis of the CT features and distribution of the condition. Accurate identification of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or probable UIP patterns by radiologists can obviate the need for a tissue sample-based diagnosis. Other entities that can appear as a UIP pattern must be excluded in multidisciplinary discussion before a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is made. Although the imaging findings of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis can overlap with those of a radiologic UIP pattern, these entities can often be distinguished by paying careful attention to the radiologic signs. Diagnostic challenges may include misdiagnosis of fibrotic lung disease due to pitfalls such as airspace enlargement with fibrosis, paraseptal emphysema, recurrent aspiration, and postinfectious fibrosis. The radiologist also plays an important role in identifying complications of pulmonary fibrosis-pulmonary hypertension, acute exacerbation, infection, and lung cancer in particular. In cases in which there is uncertainty regarding the clinical and radiologic diagnoses, surgical biopsy is recommended, and a multidisciplinary discussion among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists can be used to address diagnosis and management strategies. This review is intended to help radiologists diagnose and manage pulmonary fibrosis more accurately, ultimately aiding in the clinical management of affected patients. ^©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Cardiac Tumors: Updated 2021 WHO Tumor Classification.","authors":"Maria Clara Lorca, Irene Chen, Gregory Jew, Andrea C Furlani, Savita Puri, Linda B Haramati, Apeksha Chaturvedi, Moises J Velez, Abhishek Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1148/rg.230126","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac tumors, although rare, carry high morbidity and mortality rates. They are commonly first identified either at echocardiography or incidentally at thoracoabdominal CT performed for noncardiac indications. Multimodality imaging often helps to determine the cause of these masses. Cardiac tumors comprise a distinct category in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors. The updated 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the heart incorporates new entities and reclassifies others. In the new classification system, papillary fibroelastoma is recognized as the most common primary cardiac neoplasm. Pseudotumors including thrombi and anatomic variants (eg, crista terminalis, accessory papillary muscles, or coumadin ridge) are the most common intracardiac masses identified at imaging. Cardiac metastases are substantially more common than primary cardiac tumors. Although echocardiography is usually the first examination, cardiac MRI is the modality of choice for the identification and characterization of cardiac masses. Cardiac CT serves as an alternative in patients who cannot tolerate MRI. PET performed with CT or MRI enables metabolic characterization of malignant cardiac masses. Imaging individualized to a particular tumor type and location is crucial for treatment planning. Tumor terminology changes as our understanding of tumor biology and behavior evolves. Familiarity with the updated classification system is important as a guide to radiologic investigation and medical or surgical management. ^©RSNA, 2024 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonoses: Chest Radiologist's View.","authors":"Hannah G Hodges, Jennifer Febbo, Loren Ketai, J David Godwin, Jeffrey P Kanne","doi":"10.1148/rg.230066","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scintigraphy of Gastrointestinal Motility: Best Practices in Assessment of Gastric and Bowel Transit in Adults.","authors":"Kevin P Banks, Jonathan W Revels, Dawood Tafti, Mariam Moshiri, Neal Shah, Shamus K Moran, Sherry S Wang, Lilja B Solnes, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Saeed Elojeimy","doi":"10.1148/rg.230127","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various radiologic examinations and other diagnostic tools exist for evaluating gastrointestinal diseases. When symptoms of gastrointestinal disease persist and no underlying anatomic or structural abnormality is identified, the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorder is frequently applied. Given its physiologic and quantitative nature, scintigraphy often plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected functional gastrointestinal disorder. Most frequently, after functional gallbladder disease is excluded, gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) is considered the next step in evaluating patients with suspected gastric motility disorder who present with upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia or bloating. GES is the standard modality for detecting delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis) and the less commonly encountered clinical entity, gastric dumping syndrome. Additionally, GES can be used to assess abnormalities of intragastric distribution, suggesting specific disorders such as impaired fundal accommodation or antral dysfunction, as well as to evaluate gastric emptying of liquid. More recently, scintigraphic examinations for evaluating small bowel and large bowel transit have been developed and validated for routine diagnostic use. These can be performed individually or as part of a comprehensive whole-gut transit evaluation. Such scintigraphic examinations are of particular importance because clinical assessment of suspected functional gastrointestinal disorder frequently fails to accurately localize the site of disease, and those patients may have motility disorders involving multiple portions of the gastrointestinal tract. The authors comprehensively review the current practice of gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy, with diseases and best imaging practices illustrated by means of case review. ^©RSNA, 2024 See the invited commentary by Maurer and Parkman in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallbladder Torsion.","authors":"Rouzbeh Mashayekhi, Ciléin Kearns, Michael Enea, Fernanda Avalos, Alfredo Páez-Carpio","doi":"10.1148/rg.240019","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e240019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prone Tomosynthesis-guided Breast Biopsy: A Primer.","authors":"Tatiana Cardoso de Mello Tucunduva, André Tito Pereira Bueno, Luciano Fernandes Chala, Michelle V Lee, Ulysses S Torres, Lucy Tiemi Sato, Carlos Shimizu, Giselle Guedes Netto de Mello","doi":"10.1148/rg.230192","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Thymic Imaging: The Critical Need for Differentiating Thymolipoma from Liposarcoma in Clinical Practice.","authors":"Furkan Ufuk, Iclal Ocak","doi":"10.1148/rg.240112","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e240112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging Features of Cytokine-related Diseases","authors":"Mariko Kurokawa, Ryo Kurokawa, Akira Baba, Taku Gomi, Shinichi Cho, Kyohei Yoshioka, Taisuke Harada, John Kim, Pinarbasi Emile, Osamu Abe, Toshio Moritani","doi":"10.1148/rg.230069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.230069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cytokines are small secreted proteins that have specific effects on cellular interactions and are crucial for functioning of the immune system. Cytokines are involved in almost all diseases, but as microscopic chemical compounds they cannot be visualized at imaging for obvious reasons. Several imaging manifestations have been well recognized owing to the development of cytokine therapies such as those with bevacizumab (antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and the establishment of new disease concepts such as interferonopathy and cytokine release syndrome. For example, immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity is the second most common form of toxicity after CAR T-cell therapy toxicity, and imaging is recommended to evaluate the severity. The emergence of COVID-19, which causes a cytokine storm, has profoundly impacted neuroimaging. The central nervous system is one of the systems that is most susceptible to cytokine storms, which are induced by the positive feedback of inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine storms cause several neurologic complications, including acute infarction, acute leukoencephalopathy, and catastrophic hemorrhage, leading to devastating neurologic outcomes. Imaging can be used to detect these abnormalities and describe their severity, and it may help distinguish mimics such as metabolic encephalopathy and cerebrovascular disease. Familiarity with the neuroimaging abnormalities caused by cytokine storms is beneficial for diagnosing such diseases and subsequently planning and initiating early treatment strategies. The authors outline the neuroimaging features of cytokine-related diseases, focusing on cytokine storms, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, cytokine-related tumors, and cytokine-related therapies, and describe an approach to diagnosing cytokine-related disease processes and their differentials.</p><p>^©RSNA, 2024</p><p>Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}