Radiographics最新文献

{"title":"Erratum for: Autoimmune Disorders of the Liver and Biliary Tract.","authors":"Cody M Anderson, Christopher L Welle, Daniel R Ludwig, Mark A Anderson, Rachita Khot, Malak Itani, Maria Zulfiqar, Michael S Torbenson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh","doi":"10.1148/rg.259005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.259005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e259005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune Disorders of the Liver and Biliary Tract.","authors":"Cody M Anderson, Christopher L Welle, Daniel R Ludwig, Mark A Anderson, Rachita Khot, Malak Itani, Maria Zulfiqar, Michael S Torbenson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh","doi":"10.1148/rg.240126","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several autoimmune diseases (primary and secondary) can affect the liver and bile ducts. While the exact cause remains unclear, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications. The authors' main objective is to review imaging features of various autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related diseases, and drug-induced autoimmune injury. These disorders are chronic inflammatory conditions causing destruction of hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, destruction of the latter potentially leading to cholestasis and associated ductopenia. Complications related to untreated autoimmune disorders include sequelae of chronic liver failure or cirrhosis, such as portal hypertension and ascites. Neoplasms arising in the setting of cirrhosis related to autoimmune diseases include hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. As these autoimmune disorders of the liver and biliary tract characteristically involve bile ducts and cause cholestasis, MRI or MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the preferred imaging modality, given its ability to provide excellent anatomic details of the bile ducts and demonstrate changes in the liver parenchyma. Understanding the imaging appearance of each of the autoimmune disorders affecting the liver and biliary tract allows a particular diagnosis to be suggested. Imaging studies often provide the first clues to an autoimmune disorder of the liver and bile ducts, enabling early diagnosis to halt progression and prevent complications. In addition, imaging studies are also useful for monitoring progression of disease, assessing treatment response, and detecting complications during follow-up. ^©RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer Surveillance in Patients with a Personal History of Breast Cancer: Updates and Controversies.","authors":"Sona A Chikarmane, Catherine S Giess","doi":"10.1148/rg.240132","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increased survival rates for patients with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC) can be attributed to early detection and advancements in breast cancer treatment. Imaging surveillance is of utmost importance due to the increased risk of local recurrence and the development of new primary breast cancer in patients with PHBC. National and international organizations recommend annual mammography for patients with PHBC; supplemental imaging modalities include contrast-enhanced mammography, whole-breast screening US, and breast MRI. However, the screening protocols and indications for supplemental imaging are significantly heterogeneous. The authors provide a review of current screening guidelines for patients with PHBC to aid understanding of the challenges involved in <i>(a)</i> determining when to initiate or discontinue screening mammography, <i>(b)</i> performing screening versus diagnostic mammography, and <i>(c)</i> performing offline versus live screening. The authors also provide updates on emergent supplemental imaging modalities and compliance with screening recommendations for patients with PHBC. ^©RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stercoral Colitis: Review of Imaging Features and Complications.","authors":"Nikitha Karkala, Bertin Mathai, John J Hines, Sarah Byun, Douglas S Katz","doi":"10.1148/rg.240085","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stercoral colitis is an inflammatory reaction secondary to fecal impaction and almost always occurs in the setting of chronic constipation. Luminal distention caused by dense and dehydrated stool compresses the vascular supply of the distal colon, resulting in bowel ischemia and ulceration. Stercoral colitis primarily affects elderly patients, but it can be seen in any patient with decreased bowel motility, with risk factors including neurodegenerative disorders, chronic medical diseases, malignancy, immobility, and the use of narcotic or anticholinergic medications. Patients most often present with abdominal pain and tenderness. However, the presentation is often nonspecific and can include nongastrointestinal symptoms. Due to the common presence of comorbidities, a thorough history and physical examination findings may be difficult to obtain. Imaging, especially CT, plays a vital role in the diagnosis of stercoral colitis, demonstrating hallmark features such as fecal impaction and a large colorectal stool burden. Mural thickening (>3 mm) and other CT signs of inflammation aid in diagnosis, although findings including perirectal fat stranding can be nonspecific. Signs of perforation, including mural discontinuity, extraluminal air, and extraluminal stool collections, can also be identified. Other potential complications include obstruction, bleeding, fistulas, and urinary tract involvement secondary to mass effect. The overlap of findings between stercoral colitis and other colonic diseases, particularly diverticulitis and malignancy, can sometimes make diagnosis challenging. Identification of fecal impaction and associated inflammatory changes helps in distinguishing stercoral colitis from other pathologic conditions. Prompt diagnosis of stercoral colitis and its complications allows appropriate management, which can range from preventive measures to emergent surgical treatment. ^©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Recognition Awards.","authors":"Christine Cooky Menias","doi":"10.1148/rg.259004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.259004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e259004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for: Getting Started with Photon-counting CT: Optimizing Your Setup for Success.","authors":"Fides R Schwartz, Bari Dane, Shan Su, Khanin Khanungwanitkul, Liqiang Ren, Lakshmi Ananthakrishnan","doi":"10.1148/rg.259003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.259003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e259003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Cerebrospinal Fluid Imaging: Guide to Procedures and Interpretation.","authors":"Megan K Mercer, Lisa C Blacklock, Jonathan W Revels, Marguerite T Parisi, David H Lewis, Lionel S Zuckier, Michael M Graham, Shana Elman, Manuela C Matesan, Saeed Elojeimy","doi":"10.1148/rg.240137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.240137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential component of the central nervous system, and disruption of normal CSF flow from the lateral ventricles to the subarachnoid spaces around the brain and spinal canal can have serious consequences. Nuclear imaging may be useful to help diagnose abnormalities in CSF flow; cisternograms can be used to assess for CSF leaks or normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and shuntograms can be used to evaluate for CSF shunt malfunction. The authors review normal and pathologic findings and pitfalls of cisternography and shuntogram examinations. ^©RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiologist's Guide to Lumbar Spine Pain Interventions: Indications, Techniques, and Complications.","authors":"Rajul Gupta, Aakanksha Sriwastwa, David Wang, Michael J Hazenfield","doi":"10.1148/rg.240188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.240188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of MRI and CT in Sports Cardiology.","authors":"Prabhakar Shantha Rajiah, Vinayak Kumar, Blanca Domenech-Ximenos, Marco Francone, Jordi Broncano, Thomas G Allison","doi":"10.1148/rg.240045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.240045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sports cardiologists specialize in the care of competitive athletes and highly active people by detecting and managing cardiovascular diseases that can impact sports participation and counseling on return to sports after cardiovascular events. Preparticipation evaluation of athletes includes history, physical examination, and electrocardiography (ECG), with exercise ECG added when screening master athletes. If the findings are abnormal or inconclusive, echocardiography is used for further evaluation. Further imaging with MRI, CT, or stress test is performed for establishing a diagnosis when echocardiography is indeterminate or discordant with clinical features and for risk stratification if echocardiography provides a definitive diagnosis. MRI can help distinguish athlete's heart from similar-appearing pathologic entities when echocardiography is inconclusive. Athlete's heart can manifest as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricle (LV) dilatation, prominent LV trabeculations, and right ventricular (RV) dilatation. Adaptive LVH in athletes is concentric and typically measures less than 16 mm, which distinguishes it from pathologic LV thickening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, valvular disease, and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. Adaptive LV dilatation with normal or mildly reduced ejection fraction can be seen in endurance athletes. LV ejection fraction greater than 40%, augmentation of LV ejection fraction with exercise, and normal or supranormal diastolic function distinguishes it from dilated cardiomyopathy. Physiologic RV dilatation in athletes is distinguished from arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (RV type) by global involvement and absence of major regional wall motion abnormalities or late gadolinium enhancement. MRI is also useful in diagnosis and risk stratification of athletes with cardiovascular symptoms and after major cardiovascular events such as arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and resuscitated sudden cardiac death or arrest. CT angiography provides accurate evaluation of coronary artery anomalies and coronary artery disease. ^©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Using Endobronchial Valves.","authors":"Yogesh S Gupta, Scott Simpson, Ryan Graham, Maruti Kumaran, Farouk Dako, Partha Hota, Chandra Dass","doi":"10.1148/rg.240156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.240156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung volume reduction is a treatment option for patients with severe emphysema and predominant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is refractory to medical treatment. These patients often experience symptoms associated with hyperinflation including dyspnea and exercise limitation. In recent years, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy has emerged as a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved and less invasive alternative to lung volume reduction surgery. The two approved one-way valves allow air to exit the lung but prohibit air from entering, with the intended goal of reducing hyperinflation. After patients meet clinical eligibility criteria, imaging has an integral role in preprocedural and postprocedural assessment. Findings from qualitative and quantitative preprocedural thin-section CT and perfusion scintigraphic analysis provides the characterization of emphysema, degree of collateral ventilation, and lung perfusion data necessary for target lobe selection, while aiding in detection of the presence of contraindications to the procedure, including suspicious pulmonary nodules, significant bronchiectasis, large bullae, and pleural adhesions. At procedure completion, chest radiography is required for assessment of complications, most commonly pneumothorax. Subsequent imaging may determine whether the procedure has successfully induced lobar atelectasis as well as the presence of additional complications such as infection and valve malposition or migration. Knowledge of EBV therapy and pertinent imaging findings is crucial in optimizing patient selection for the procedure, identifying complications, and evaluating treatment response. ^©RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}