Radiographics最新文献_第9页

Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Epilepsy. 癫痫的核医学成像。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240062

Aakanksha Sriwastwa, Andrew Timothy Trout, Bruce Wayne Mahoney, Lily L Wang, Jennifer L Scheler

{"title":"Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Epilepsy.","authors":"Aakanksha Sriwastwa, Andrew Timothy Trout, Bruce Wayne Mahoney, Lily L Wang, Jennifer L Scheler","doi":"10.1148/rg.240062","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240062","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one-third of patients with focal epilepsy have medically refractory focal epilepsy (MRFE), which significantly impacts their quality of life. Once a seizure focus is identified and determined to be in the noneloquent cortex, it can be surgically resected with the goal of freedom from seizures and minimal neurocognitive deficit. During noninvasive (phase I) presurgical planning, functional (nuclear) imaging and structural imaging are complementary in the accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). PET and SPECT are complementary functional imaging modalities. Fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET shows hypometabolism in the EZ, while SPECT radiotracers are used to assess regional cerebral perfusion. Functional imaging plays a more important role in patients with nonlesional epilepsy (approximately one-third of patients with MRFE), in patients with multiple lesions, or in the setting of electrophysiologic-structural discordance. Nuclear medicine imaging also helps in evaluating the functional integrity of the rest of the brain and unmasking abnormalities that are not apparent at structural imaging before surgery. During invasive (phase II) evaluation, the EZ seen at functional imaging helps in guiding intracranial electrode placement. This review of nuclear medicine imaging of epilepsy is focused on the radiotracers used, imaging acquisition and postprocessing, commonly encountered causes of MRFE in adults and children, radiologic appearances of MRFE, imaging artifacts, and interpretation pitfalls. The goal is to guide radiologists in optimally performing and interpreting these studies for effective multidisciplinary discussions of these complex patient cases. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 1","pages":"e240062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breast US: Guide for Beginners. 乳房美国：初学者指南。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240161

Marcela Caetano Vilela Lauar, Gabriela Merigue, Lavínia Ferreira Dias, Érica Elisangela Françolin Federicci, Aline Lemgruber Prado Costa, Iviny Yonekura, Michelle V Lee, Ana Claudia Silveira Racy

引用次数: 0

RadioGraphics 2025: Reflections on Connection. 放射学2025：关于连接的思考。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.249014

Christine Cooky Menias

引用次数: 0

Motor Neuron Diseases and Central Nervous System Tractopathies: Clinical-Radiologic Correlation and Diagnostic Approach. 运动神经元疾病和中枢神经系统束病变：临床-放射学相关性和诊断方法。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240067

Amit B Desai, Amit Agarwal, Alaa S Mohamed, Khalid H Mohamed, Erik H Middlebrooks, Alok A Bhatt, Vivek Gupta, Neeraj Kumar, Elia Sechi, Eoin P Flanagan, Sebastian López Chiriboga

{"title":"Motor Neuron Diseases and Central Nervous System Tractopathies: Clinical-Radiologic Correlation and Diagnostic Approach.","authors":"Amit B Desai, Amit Agarwal, Alaa S Mohamed, Khalid H Mohamed, Erik H Middlebrooks, Alok A Bhatt, Vivek Gupta, Neeraj Kumar, Elia Sechi, Eoin P Flanagan, Sebastian López Chiriboga","doi":"10.1148/rg.240067","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240067","url":null,"abstract":"White matter tracts within the central nervous system are organized into ascending and descending pathways that transmit sensory input and motor output, respectively. Tractopathy, or damage to these tracts, can impair sensory or motor functions. Motor neuron diseases are pathologic processes affecting the upper or lower motor neurons. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of acquired motor neuron disease. Traditionally, ALS has affected upper and lower motor neurons of the extremities, torso, and head and neck. There are several ALS variants, some of which affect only the upper motor neurons (eg, primary lateral sclerosis), lower motor neurons (eg, progressive muscular atrophy), or motor neurons of the head and neck (eg, progressive bulbar palsy). Characteristic imaging features of ALS include abnormal T2 hyperintensity within the brain along the corticospinal tract, as well as cortical susceptibility signal intensity along the precentral gyrus, termed the \"motor band\" sign. Spinal muscular atrophy is a less common primary motor neuron disease and appears on images as atrophy of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, as well as proximal muscle atrophy. In addition to pure motor neuron diseases, there are numerous toxic and metabolic conditions, genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders that can secondarily affect the corticospinal tracts (corticospinal tractopathies), producing symptoms of upper motor neuron injury. These tractopathies are visible at MRI as T2-hyperintense lesions along varying segments of the corticospinal tract. A comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates clinical symptoms with radiologic and laboratory findings is crucial to distinguish among these varied conditions. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 1","pages":"e240067"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sinonasal Organized Hematoma. 鼻窦有组织血肿

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240215

Albert Jiao, Augusto Da Mota Gonçalves Filho, Maria Lucia Brun-Vergara, Irene Dixe de Oliveira Santo, Amit Agarwal

引用次数: 0

2024 Panel Reviewers: A Note of Thanks. 2024小组评审员：致谢。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.249015

Christine Cooky Menias, Umar Mahmood

引用次数: 0

Noninvasive Quantitative CT for Diffuse Liver Diseases: Steatosis, Iron Overload, and Fibrosis. 弥漫性肝病的无创定量 CT：脂肪变性、铁超载和纤维化。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240176

Perry J Pickhardt, Meghan G Lubner

{"title":"Noninvasive Quantitative CT for Diffuse Liver Diseases: Steatosis, Iron Overload, and Fibrosis.","authors":"Perry J Pickhardt, Meghan G Lubner","doi":"10.1148/rg.240176","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240176","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic diffuse liver disease continues to increase in prevalence and represents a global health concern. Noninvasive detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis, iron overload, and fibrosis are critical, especially given the many relative disadvantages and potential risks of invasive liver biopsy. Although MRI techniques have emerged as the preferred reference standard for quantification of liver fat, iron, and fibrosis, CT can play an important role in opportunistic detection of unsuspected disease and is performed at much higher volumes. For hepatic steatosis, noncontrast CT provides a close approximation to MRI-based proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) quantification, with liver attenuation values less than or equal to 40 HU signifying at least moderate steatosis. Liver fat quantification with postcontrast CT is less precise but can generally provide categorical assessment (eg, mild vs moderate steatosis). Noncontrast CT can also trigger appropriate assessment for iron overload when increased parenchymal attenuation values are observed (eg, >75 HU). A variety of morphologic and functional CT features indicate the presence of underlying hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Beyond subjective assessment, quantitative CT methods for staging fibrosis can provide comparable performance to that of elastography. Furthermore, quantitative CT assessment can be performed retrospectively, since prospective techniques are not required. Many of these CT quantitative measures are now fully automated via artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning algorithms. These retrospective and automated advantages have important implications for longitudinal clinical care and research. Ultimately, regardless of the indication for CT, opportunistic detection of steatosis, iron overload, and fibrosis can result in appropriate clinical awareness and management. ©RSNA, 2024 See the invited commentary by Yeh in this issue.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 1","pages":"e240176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiologist's Guide to the Scapula. 放射医师肩胛骨指南》。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240139

Wilfred Manzano, Kathryn J Stevens

引用次数: 0

Improving Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis with US: New Paradigms. 用 US 改善急性胆囊炎的诊断：新范例。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240032

Richa Patel, Justin R Tse, Luyao Shen, David B Bingham, Aya Kamaya

{"title":"Improving Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis with US: New Paradigms.","authors":"Richa Patel, Justin R Tse, Luyao Shen, David B Bingham, Aya Kamaya","doi":"10.1148/rg.240032","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240032","url":null,"abstract":"Acute cholecystitis is an inflammatory condition of the gallbladder typically incited by mechanical obstruction. Accurate diagnosis of this common clinical condition is challenging due to variable imaging appearances as well as overlapping clinical manifestations with biliary colic, acute hepatitis, pancreatitis, and cholangiopathies. In acute cholecystitis, increased dilatation and high intraluminal pressures lead to gallbladder inflammation and may progress to gangrenous changes, focal wall necrosis, and subsequent perforation. In acute calculous cholecystitis, gallstones are the cause of obstruction and are often impacted in the gallbladder neck or cystic duct, leading to gallbladder inflammation. In acalculous cholecystitis, patients are typically critically ill, often with hypotensive episodes and prolonged gallbladder stasis, which lead to obstruction, gallbladder ischemia, and inflammation. Helpful sonographic findings of acute cholecystitis include a dilated gallbladder; increased intraluminal pressures in the gallbladder, resulting in a bulging fundus (tensile fundus sign); intraluminal sludge in the setting of right upper quadrant pain; wall hyperemia, which may be quantified by elevated cystic artery velocities or hepatic artery velocities; mucosal ischemic changes, characterized by loss of mucosal echogenicity; pericholecystic inflammation, characterized by hyperechoic pericholecystic fat; and mucosal discontinuity. Extruded complex fluid next to a wall defect is definitive for gallbladder wall perforation, and further evaluation with CT or MRI allows evaluation of the full extent of perforation and other potential complications. The sonographic Murphy sign, while helpful if positive, is relatively insensitive for accurate diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Thus, overreliance on the sonographic Murphy sign results in surprisingly low diagnostic accuracy in practice.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 12","pages":"e240032"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uterine Leiomyoma with Intravascular Leiomyomatosis. 子宫纵隔肌瘤伴血管内纵隔肌瘤病

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240204

Maria M Rodrigues, Pedro D Poças, Raquel V Portugal, Ciléin Kearns, Alfredo Páez-Carpio

引用次数: 0