Radiographics最新文献_第7页

Fungal Musculoskeletal Infections: Comprehensive Approach to Proper Diagnosis. 真菌性肌肉骨骼感染：正确诊断的综合方法》。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230176

Marina C Akuri, Jenny T Bencardino, Júlia B Peixoto, Vitor N Sato, Lucas K Miyahara, Daisy T Kase, Adriana M Dell'Aquila, Adham do Amaral E Castro, Artur R C Fernandes, André Y Aihara

{"title":"Fungal Musculoskeletal Infections: Comprehensive Approach to Proper Diagnosis.","authors":"Marina C Akuri, Jenny T Bencardino, Júlia B Peixoto, Vitor N Sato, Lucas K Miyahara, Daisy T Kase, Adriana M Dell'Aquila, Adham do Amaral E Castro, Artur R C Fernandes, André Y Aihara","doi":"10.1148/rg.230176","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230176","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal musculoskeletal infections often have subacute or indolent manifestations, making it difficult to distinguish them from other diseases and infections, given that they are relatively uncommon. Fungal infections occur by hematogenous spread, direct inoculation, or contiguous extension and may be related to different risk factors, including immunosuppression and occupational activity. The infection can manifest in isolation in the musculoskeletal system or as part of a systemic process. The fungi may be endemic to certain regions or may be found throughout the world, and this can help to narrow the diagnosis of the etiologic agent. Infections such as candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis are often related to immunosuppression. On the other hand, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis can occur in healthy patients in geographic areas where these infections are endemic. Furthermore, infections can be classified on the basis of the site of infection in the body. Some subcutaneous infections that can have osteoarticular involvement include mycetoma, sporotrichosis, and phaeohyphomycosis. Different fungi affect specific bones and joints with greater prevalence. Imaging has a critical role in the evaluation of these diseases. Imaging findings include nonspecific features such as osteomyelitis and arthritis, with bone destruction, osseous erosion, mixed lytic and sclerotic lesions, and joint space narrowing. Multifocal osteomyelitis and chronic arthritis with joint effusion and synovial thickening may also occur. Although imaging findings are often nonspecific, some fungal infections may show findings that aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis, especially when they are associated with the patient's clinical condition and history, the site of osteoarticular involvement, and the geographic location. ©RSNA, 2024.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 7","pages":"e230176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disorders with Ophthalmic and Thoracic Involvement. 眼部和胸部受累的疾病。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230132

Babina Gosangi, Patrick Lang, Michele Johnson, Ryan Zukerman, Long Tu, Leah Traube, Anna S Bader, Ami N Rubinowitz

{"title":"Disorders with Ophthalmic and Thoracic Involvement.","authors":"Babina Gosangi, Patrick Lang, Michele Johnson, Ryan Zukerman, Long Tu, Leah Traube, Anna S Bader, Ami N Rubinowitz","doi":"10.1148/rg.230132","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230132","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of systemic conditions involve the thorax and the eyes. While subtle or nonspecific eye symptoms can be the initial clinical manifestation of some disorders, there can be additional manifestations in the thorax that lead to a specific diagnosis and affect patient outcomes. For instance, the initial clinical manifestation of Sjögren syndrome is dry eye or xerophthalmia; however, the presence of Sjögren lung disease represents a fourfold increase in mortality. Likewise, patients with acute sarcoidosis can initially present with pain and redness of the eye from uveitis in addition to fever and parotitis. Nearly 90% of patients with sarcoidosis have thoracic involvement, and the ophthalmologic symptoms can precede the thoracic symptoms by several years in some cases. Furthermore, a diagnosis made in one system can result in the screening of other organs as well as prompt genetic evaluation and examination of family members, such as in the setting of Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Multimodality imaging, particularly CT and MRI, plays a vital role in identification and characterization of these conditions. While it is helpful for ophthalmologists to be knowledgeable about these conditions and their associations so that they can order the pertinent radiologic studies, it is also important for radiologists to use the clues from ophthalmologic examination in addition to imaging findings to suggest a specific diagnosis. Systemic conditions with thoracic and ophthalmologic manifestations can be categorized as infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, neoplastic, or hereditary in origin. The authors describe a spectrum of these conditions based on their underlying cause. ©RSNA, 2024.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 7","pages":"e230132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anatomic Basis of Rectal Cancer Staging: Clarifying Controversies and Misconceptions. 直肠癌分期的解剖学基础：澄清争议和误解。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230203

Harmeet Kaur, Helena Gabriel, Muhammad O Awiwi, Ekta Maheshwari, Camila Lopes Vendrami, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Melissa W Taggart, Michael Magnetta, Linda C Kelahan, Sonia Lee

{"title":"Anatomic Basis of Rectal Cancer Staging: Clarifying Controversies and Misconceptions.","authors":"Harmeet Kaur, Helena Gabriel, Muhammad O Awiwi, Ekta Maheshwari, Camila Lopes Vendrami, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Melissa W Taggart, Michael Magnetta, Linda C Kelahan, Sonia Lee","doi":"10.1148/rg.230203","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230203","url":null,"abstract":"Rectal MRI provides a detailed depiction of pelvic anatomy; specifically, the relationship of the tumor to key anatomic structures, including the mesorectal fascia, anterior peritoneal reflection, and sphincter complex. However, anatomic inconsistencies, pitfalls, and confusion exist, which can have a strong impact on interpretation and treatment. These areas of confusion include the definition of the rectum itself, specifically differentiation of the rectum from the anal canal and the sigmoid colon, and delineation of the high versus low rectum. Other areas of confusion include the relative locations of the mesorectal fascia and peritoneum and their significance in staging and treatment, the difference between the mesorectal fascia and circumferential resection margin, involvement of the sphincter complex, and evaluation of lateral pelvic lymph nodes. The impact of these anatomic inconsistencies and sources of confusion is significant, given the importance of MRI in depicting the anatomic relationship of the tumor to critical pelvic structures, to triage surgical resection and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with the goal of minimizing local recurrence. Evolving treatment paradigms also place MRI central in management of rectal cancer. ©RSNA, 2024.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 7","pages":"e230203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RadioGraphics Update: 2023 FIGO Staging System for Endometrial Cancer. RadioGraphics 更新：2023 FIGO 子宫内膜癌分期系统。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240084

Giacomo Avesani, Matteo Bonatti, Aradhana M Venkatesan, Stephanie Nougaret, Evis Sala

引用次数: 0

MRI of Soft-Tissue Tumors: What to Include in the Report. 软组织肿瘤的 MRI：报告中应包括哪些内容？

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230086

Geoffrey M Riley, Robert Steffner, Steven Kwong, Alexander Chin, Robert D Boutin

{"title":"MRI of Soft-Tissue Tumors: What to Include in the Report.","authors":"Geoffrey M Riley, Robert Steffner, Steven Kwong, Alexander Chin, Robert D Boutin","doi":"10.1148/rg.230086","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230086","url":null,"abstract":"MRI serves as a critical step in the workup, local staging, and treatment planning of extremity soft-tissue masses. For the radiologist to meaningfully contribute to the management of soft-tissue masses, they need to provide a detailed list of descriptors of the lesion outlined in an organized report. While it is occasionally possible to use MRI to provide a diagnosis for patients with a mass, it is more often used to help with determining the differential diagnosis and planning of biopsies, surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy (when provided). Each descriptor on the list outlined in this article is specifically aimed to assist in one or more facets of the overall approach to soft-tissue masses. This applies to all masses, but in particular sarcomas. Those descriptors are useful to help narrow the differential diagnosis and ensure concordance with a pathologic diagnosis and its accompanying grade assignment of soft-tissue sarcomas. These include a lesion's borders and shape, signal characteristics, and contrast enhancement pattern; the presence of peritumoral edema and peritumoral enhancement; and the presence of lymph nodes. The items most helpful in assisting surgical planning include a lesion's anatomic location, site of origin, size, location relative to a landmark, relationship to adjacent structures, and vascularity including feeding and draining vessels. The authors provide some background information on soft-tissue sarcomas, including their diagnosis and treatment, for the general radiologist and as a refresher for radiologists who are more experienced in tumor imaging. ©RSNA, 2024 See the invited commentary by Murphey in this issue.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230086"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaging the Male Breast: Gynecomastia, Male Breast Cancer, and Beyond. 男性乳房成像：妇科肿瘤、男性乳腺癌及其他。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230181

Jaimee Mannix, Heather Duke, Abdullah Almajnooni, Martin Ongkeko

{"title":"Imaging the Male Breast: Gynecomastia, Male Breast Cancer, and Beyond.","authors":"Jaimee Mannix, Heather Duke, Abdullah Almajnooni, Martin Ongkeko","doi":"10.1148/rg.230181","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230181","url":null,"abstract":"The number of men undergoing breast imaging has increased in recent years, according to some reports. Most male breast concerns are related to benign causes, most commonly gynecomastia. The range of abnormalities typically encountered in the male breast is less broad than that encountered in women, given that lobule formation rarely occurs in men. Other benign causes of male breast palpable abnormalities with characteristic imaging findings include lipomas, sebaceous or epidermal inclusion cysts, and intramammary lymph nodes. Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare, representing up to 1% of breast cancer cases, but some data indicate that its incidence is increasing. MBC demonstrates some clinical features that overlap with those of gynecomastia, including a propensity for the subareolar breast. Men with breast cancer tend to present at a later stage than do women. MBC typically has similar imaging features to those of female breast cancer, often characterized by an irregular mass that may have associated calcifications. Occasionally, however, MBC has a benign-appearing imaging phenotype, with an oval shape and circumscribed margins, and therefore most solid breast masses in men require tissue diagnosis. Histopathologic evaluation may alternatively reveal other benign breast masses found in men, including papillomas, myofibroblastomas, and hemangiomas. Radiologists must be familiar with the breadth of male breast abnormalities to meet the rising challenge of caring for these patients. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230181"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contrast-enhanced US in Renal Transplant Complications: Overview and Imaging Features. 肾移植并发症中的对比增强 US：概述和成像特征。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230182

Tomás Fernández, Carmen Sebastià, Blanca Paño, Daniel Corominas Muñoz, Daniel Vas, Carmen García-Roch, Ignacio Revuelta, Mireia Musquera, Fernando García, Carlos Nicolau

{"title":"Contrast-enhanced US in Renal Transplant Complications: Overview and Imaging Features.","authors":"Tomás Fernández, Carmen Sebastià, Blanca Paño, Daniel Corominas Muñoz, Daniel Vas, Carmen García-Roch, Ignacio Revuelta, Mireia Musquera, Fernando García, Carlos Nicolau","doi":"10.1148/rg.230182","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230182","url":null,"abstract":"Renal transplant is the first-line treatment of end-stage renal disease. The increasing number of transplants performed every year has led to a larger population of transplant patients. Complications may arise during the perioperative and postoperative periods, and imaging plays a key role in this scenario. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) is a safe tool that adds additional value to US. Contrast agents are usually administered intravenously, but urinary tract anatomy and complications such as stenosis or leak can be studied using intracavitary administration of contrast agents. Assessment of the graft and iliac vessels with CEUS is particularly helpful in identifying vascular and parenchymal complications, such as arterial or venous thrombosis and stenosis, acute tubular injury, or cortical necrosis, which can lead to graft loss. Furthermore, infectious and malignant graft involvement can be accurately studied with CEUS, which can help in detection of renal abscesses and in the differentiation between benign and malignant disease. CEUS is also useful in interventional procedures, helping to guide percutaneous aspiration of collections with better delimitation of the graft boundaries and to guide renal graft biopsies by avoiding avascular areas. Potential postprocedural vascular complications, such as pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, or active bleeding, are identified with CEUS. In addition, newer quantification tools such as CEUS perfusion are promising, but further studies are needed to approve its use for clinical purposes. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approach to Acute Traumatic and Nontraumatic Diaphragmatic Abnormalities. 治疗急性创伤性和非创伤性膈肌异常的方法。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230110

Sarah Keyes, Rebecca J Spouge, Padraic Kennedy, Shamir Rai, Waleed Abdellatif, Gavin Sugrue, Sarah A Barrett, Faisal Khosa, Savvas Nicolaou, Nicolas Murray

{"title":"Approach to Acute Traumatic and Nontraumatic Diaphragmatic Abnormalities.","authors":"Sarah Keyes, Rebecca J Spouge, Padraic Kennedy, Shamir Rai, Waleed Abdellatif, Gavin Sugrue, Sarah A Barrett, Faisal Khosa, Savvas Nicolaou, Nicolas Murray","doi":"10.1148/rg.230110","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230110","url":null,"abstract":"Acute diaphragmatic abnormalities encompass a broad variety of relatively uncommon and underdiagnosed pathologic conditions, which can be subdivided into nontraumatic and traumatic entities. Nontraumatic abnormalities range from congenital hernia to spontaneous rupture, endometriosis-related disease, infection, paralysis, eventration, and thoracoabdominal fistula. Traumatic abnormalities comprise both blunt and penetrating injuries. Given the role of the diaphragm as the primary inspiratory muscle and the boundary dividing the thoracic and abdominal cavities, compromise to its integrity can yield devastating consequences. Yet, diagnosis can prove challenging, as symptoms may be vague and findings subtle. Imaging plays an essential role in investigation. Radiography is commonly used in emergency evaluation of a patient with a suspected thoracoabdominal process and may reveal evidence of diaphragmatic compromise, such as abdominal contents herniated into the thoracic cavity. CT is often superior, in particular when evaluating a trauma patient, as it allows rapid and more detailed evaluation and localization of pathologic conditions. Additional modalities including US, MRI, and scintigraphy may be required, depending on the clinical context. Developing a strong understanding of the acute pathologic conditions affecting the diaphragm and their characteristic imaging findings aids in efficient and accurate diagnosis. Additionally, understanding the appearance of diaphragmatic anatomy at imaging helps in differentiating acute pathologic conditions from normal variations. Ultimately, this knowledge guides management, which depends on the underlying cause, location, and severity of the abnormality, as well as patient factors. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Staging and Restaging Pediatric Abdominal and Pelvic Tumors: A Practical Guide. 小儿腹部和盆腔肿瘤的分期和再分期：实用指南》。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230175

Luisa Leitão de Faria, Carolina Ponich Clementino, Felippe Augusto Silvestre E Véras, Douglas da Cunha Khalil, Deborah Yukiko Otto, Marcelo Oranges Filho, Lisa Suzuki, M Alejandra Bedoya

{"title":"Staging and Restaging Pediatric Abdominal and Pelvic Tumors: A Practical Guide.","authors":"Luisa Leitão de Faria, Carolina Ponich Clementino, Felippe Augusto Silvestre E Véras, Douglas da Cunha Khalil, Deborah Yukiko Otto, Marcelo Oranges Filho, Lisa Suzuki, M Alejandra Bedoya","doi":"10.1148/rg.230175","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.230175","url":null,"abstract":"The most common abdominal malignancies diagnosed in the pediatric population include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, lymphoma, germ cell tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There are distinctive imaging findings and patterns of spread for each of these tumors that radiologists must know for diagnosis and staging and for monitoring the patient's response to treatment. The multidisciplinary treatment group that includes oncologists, surgeons, and radiation oncologists relies heavily on imaging evaluation to identify the best treatment course and prognostication of imaging findings, such as the image-defined risk factors for neuroblastomas, the PRETreatment EXtent of Disease staging system for hepatoblastoma, and the Ann Arbor staging system for lymphomas. It is imperative for radiologists to be able to correctly indicate the best imaging methods for diagnosis, staging, and restaging of each of these most prevalent tumors to avoid inconclusive or unnecessary examinations. The authors review in a practical manner the most updated key points in diagnosing and staging disease and assessing response to treatment of the most common pediatric abdominal tumors. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"44 6","pages":"e230175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The New American Board of Radiology Certifying Oral Examination: How Should Diagnostic Radiology Graduate Medical Education Evolve? 新的美国放射学委员会认证口试：放射诊断学毕业医学教育应如何发展？

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240016

Mahati Mokkarala, Helena Bentley, Christian Gomez, Albert Jiao, Kaitlin M Zaki-Metias

引用次数: 0