Radiographics最新文献

{"title":"Review of Ankle and Foot Tendon Transfers, Emphasizing Indications, Anatomy, and Imaging Appearances.","authors":"Tatiane Cantarelli Rodrigues, Ivan Rodrigues Barros Godoy, Aline Serfaty, Dyan V Flores","doi":"10.1148/rg.240117","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ankle and foot tendon transfer involves moving a tendon from its anatomic location to another location to reinforce a weakened muscle-tendon unit. An ideal donor tendon should have appropriate strength, excursion, phase, and tensioning. Imaging plays an important role in treatment selection and pre- and postoperative evaluation. Radiographs enable assessment of hardware position, bone tunnels, and foot alignment. Weight-bearing views or CT provides a more precise evaluation of alignment, potentially uncovering flexible deformities. MRI depicts the status of the donor and transfer sites and both bone and soft-tissue complications. There are three common indications for a tendon transfer. The first is reinforcement or replacement of a diseased tendon. Flexor digitorum longus to posterior tibial tendon (PTT) transfer is a popular method to address PTT dysfunction. Flexor hallucis longus to Achilles tendon (AT) transfer is used to address a tendinotic or partially torn AT. The second indication is restoration of bone alignment. Anterior transfer of the PTT or peroneus longus (PL) is a treatment option for footdrop. The choice depends on whether peroneal neuropathy is partial or complete. Options for varus deformities are anterior tibial tendon (ATT) transfer, split transfers (ATT or PTT), and PL to peroneus brevis (PB) transfer. The final indication is correction of lateral ankle or subtalar joint instability. Current techniques involve PB looping (Watson-Jones, Lee, Castaing), rerouting (Evans), or both (Chrisman-Snook). These have been abandoned in favor of other anatomic procedures, although some are still being performed and will likely still be encountered by the radiologist. ^©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240117"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Cerebrospinal Fluid Imaging: Guide to Procedures and Interpretation.","authors":"Megan K Mercer, Lisa C Blacklock, Jonathan W Revels, Marguerite T Parisi, David H Lewis, Lionel S Zuckier, Michael M Graham, Shana Elman, Manuela C Matesan, Saeed Elojeimy","doi":"10.1148/rg.240137","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential component of the central nervous system, and disruption of normal CSF flow from the lateral ventricles to the subarachnoid spaces around the brain and spinal canal can have serious consequences. Nuclear imaging may be useful to help diagnose abnormalities in CSF flow; cisternograms can be used to assess for CSF leaks or normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and shuntograms can be used to evaluate for CSF shunt malfunction. The authors review normal and pathologic findings and pitfalls of cisternography and shuntogram examinations. ^©RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylazine-associated Musculoskeletal Imaging Findings.","authors":"Alvaro A Ordonez, Vera Sorin, Julia H Miao, John D Karp","doi":"10.1148/rg.240249","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240249"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging the Female Urethra: US and MRI in Cystic and Solid Pathologic Conditions.","authors":"Julia Mariel Saidman, Martina Aineseder, Joanie Garratt, Mindy X Wang, Imran Ahmed, Khaled M Elsayes, Mariangeles Gomez, Fausto Omar Rendón Yugcha, Carolina Rosa Beatriz Chacón, Jorge Alberto Ocantos","doi":"10.1148/rg.240064","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The female urethra can be affected by numerous pathologic conditions, many of which are infrequent and often underdiagnosed, particularly before the introduction of MRI. Diagnosing urethral pathologic conditions is challenging due to ambiguous signs and symptoms, nonspecific physical examinations, atypical presentations (such as benign conditions mimicking malignant disorders), and large lesions. Various imaging techniques, including transperineal or transvaginal US and MRI, are essential for accurate anatomic and tissue characterization. Female urethral pathologic conditions can be categorized into cystic lesions (with urethral diverticulum as the most common), benign and malignant solid urethral lesions, and iatrogenic lesions. Defining the location of the pathologic finding is the first step in radiologic diagnosis. By analyzing tissue characteristics (cystic versus noncystic), shape, morphology, and location (including urethral dependence and relationship to the pubic symphysis), an accurate diagnosis can often be achieved. Identifying whether a lesion is urethral-dependent helps distinguish between urethral and other conditions, such as Bartholin gland and Gartner duct cysts. Radiologists must recognize these features to determine the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. ^©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Commentary: Prospects for 0.55-T MRI in Neuroimaging.","authors":"Vivek Pai, Pejman Jabehdar Maralani","doi":"10.1148/rg.240232","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Neoplasms: Essential Predictive Imaging Features for Personalized Therapy.","authors":"Mariko Irizato, Kiyoyuki Minamiguchi, Tomoko Uchiyama, Hideki Kunichika, Tetsuya Tachiiri, Ryosuke Taiji, Azusa Kitao, Nagaaki Marugami, Yoshitaka Inaba, Toshihiro Tanaka","doi":"10.1148/rg.240068","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor biologic characteristics encompassing histopathologic, immune microenvironmental, genetic, and molecular aspects are becoming indispensable factors to be considered in treatment strategies for patients with cancer. Innovations in oncologic treatment have broadened the range of therapeutic approaches and now hold promise for treatments personalized according to tumor biologic characteristics. Particularly for hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms, the advent of cytostatic agents such as molecularly targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which differ markedly from conventional cytotoxic agents, has contributed to advances in clinical practice. These cytostatic agents increase the potential for curative-intent treatment of unresectable cancers by reducing tumor volume. Radiologic examinations are of more interest than ever to noninvasively obtain information about tumor biologic features. Radiomics represents an invaluable research method for elucidating associations between tumor biologic characteristics and radiologic imaging findings, but their applicability in daily clinical practice remains challenging. Various radiologic predictive findings for tumor biologic characteristics have already been proposed for hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms. Radiologists must gain familiarity with these findings and the roles they have in predicting the clinical prognosis and treatment efficacy. In addition, radiologists should explore the potential applications of these imaging findings to current treatment strategies for the coming era of personalized medicine. The authors describe predictive findings using CT and MRI for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal liver metastases, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with correlations to pathologic, immunologic, molecular, and genetic background factors. ^©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See the invited commentary by Ronot in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240068"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiologist's Guide to Lumbar Spine Pain Interventions: Indications, Techniques, and Complications.","authors":"Rajul Gupta, Aakanksha Sriwastwa, David Wang, Michael J Hazenfield","doi":"10.1148/rg.240188","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing Epiphyseal Mass Lesions in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.","authors":"Eric L Tung, Kirsten Ecklund, Randheer Shailam, Daniel I Rosenthal, Joao Rafael T Vicentini","doi":"10.1148/rg.240194","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240194"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Using Endobronchial Valves.","authors":"Yogesh S Gupta, Scott Simpson, Ryan Graham, Maruti Kumaran, Farouk Dako, Partha Hota, Chandra Dass","doi":"10.1148/rg.240156","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung volume reduction is a treatment option for patients with severe emphysema and predominant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is refractory to medical treatment. These patients often experience symptoms associated with hyperinflation including dyspnea and exercise limitation. In recent years, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy has emerged as a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved and less invasive alternative to lung volume reduction surgery. The two approved one-way valves allow air to exit the lung but prohibit air from entering, with the intended goal of reducing hyperinflation. After patients meet clinical eligibility criteria, imaging has an integral role in preprocedural and postprocedural assessment. Findings from qualitative and quantitative preprocedural thin-section CT and perfusion scintigraphic analysis provides the characterization of emphysema, degree of collateral ventilation, and lung perfusion data necessary for target lobe selection, while aiding in detection of the presence of contraindications to the procedure, including suspicious pulmonary nodules, significant bronchiectasis, large bullae, and pleural adhesions. At procedure completion, chest radiography is required for assessment of complications, most commonly pneumothorax. Subsequent imaging may determine whether the procedure has successfully induced lobar atelectasis as well as the presence of additional complications such as infection and valve malposition or migration. Knowledge of EBV therapy and pertinent imaging findings is crucial in optimizing patient selection for the procedure, identifying complications, and evaluating treatment response. ^©RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of MRI and CT in Sports Cardiology.","authors":"Prabhakar Shantha Rajiah, Vinayak Kumar, Blanca Domenech-Ximenos, Marco Francone, Jordi Broncano, Thomas G Allison","doi":"10.1148/rg.240045","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sports cardiologists specialize in the care of competitive athletes and highly active people by detecting and managing cardiovascular diseases that can impact sports participation and counseling on return to sports after cardiovascular events. Preparticipation evaluation of athletes includes history, physical examination, and electrocardiography (ECG), with exercise ECG added when screening master athletes. If the findings are abnormal or inconclusive, echocardiography is used for further evaluation. Further imaging with MRI, CT, or stress test is performed for establishing a diagnosis when echocardiography is indeterminate or discordant with clinical features and for risk stratification if echocardiography provides a definitive diagnosis. MRI can help distinguish athlete's heart from similar-appearing pathologic entities when echocardiography is inconclusive. Athlete's heart can manifest as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricle (LV) dilatation, prominent LV trabeculations, and right ventricular (RV) dilatation. Adaptive LVH in athletes is concentric and typically measures less than 16 mm, which distinguishes it from pathologic LV thickening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, valvular disease, and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. Adaptive LV dilatation with normal or mildly reduced ejection fraction can be seen in endurance athletes. LV ejection fraction greater than 40%, augmentation of LV ejection fraction with exercise, and normal or supranormal diastolic function distinguishes it from dilated cardiomyopathy. Physiologic RV dilatation in athletes is distinguished from arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (RV type) by global involvement and absence of major regional wall motion abnormalities or late gadolinium enhancement. MRI is also useful in diagnosis and risk stratification of athletes with cardiovascular symptoms and after major cardiovascular events such as arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and resuscitated sudden cardiac death or arrest. CT angiography provides accurate evaluation of coronary artery anomalies and coronary artery disease. ^©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 3","pages":"e240045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}