Environmental Monitoring and Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Classification of wildfires in relation to land cover types and associated variables by applying cluster analysis: a case study in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Laura Serra,&nbsp;Pablo Juan,&nbsp;Carlos Díaz-Avalos,&nbsp;Pau Aragó,&nbsp;Somnath Chaudhuri,&nbsp;Sergio Trilles","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14053-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14053-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wildfires are a major environmental problem that have both economic and ecological impacts. Wildfires typically spread in a particular pattern, determined by factors such as the elements on the ground that catch fire or their geographic location. This study reports and discusses how wildfires in the Valencian Community, Spain, have been spatially grouped in recent years (from 2016 to 2020). It also characterizes each cluster in terms of location and land cover. An exploratory analysis of the environmental variables associated with wildfires has been conducted using finite Gaussian mixture models in R (R package mclust). The primary findings can be used to better understand the types of wildfires that occur in individual spatial zones. Some interesting cluster patterns in specific geographical areas, such as river basins, have also been reported. The method can identify clusters of fires by detecting areas with similar characteristics at the land use level. It also allows for the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the impacts of wildfires and can help in the extinction of wildfires based on the characteristics of all the fires grouped using spatial and land cover dimensions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-14053-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of ballast water management systems in the Great Lakes based on a paired uptake-discharge sample design","authors":"Oscar Casas-Monroy,&nbsp;Jiban C. Deb,&nbsp;Jocelyn Kydd,&nbsp;Robin Rozon,&nbsp;Sean Yardley,&nbsp;Sophie Crevecoeur,&nbsp;Sarah A. Brown,&nbsp;John A. Darling,&nbsp;Sarah A. Bailey","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14032-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14032-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ships’ ballast water is a major vector for aquatic non-native species, particularly in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River (GLSLR) region. Effective September 8, 2024, international ships must comply with an international convention limiting live organisms in discharged ballast water, typically by installing onboard ballast water management systems (BWMS). This study assessed BWMS effectiveness in the GLSLR using a paired uptake-discharge sample design (before and after treatment), to evaluate live organism abundance in the two regulated size classes, and plankton diversity, using microscopy and high-throughput sequencing. Samples from 10 ships (11 paired events) collected in 2019 and 2022 revealed uptake abundances of living organisms up to 107,600 organisms/m³ for the large (≥ 50 μm) and 169 organisms/mL for the small (≥ 10 to &lt; 50 µm) size classes, respectively. While all discharge samples met the small size class limit, four samples exceeded the large size class limit, with BWMS reducing abundances by at least 98%. High uptake abundance and BWMS filter mesh size were key predictors of organism abundance in discharge samples, highlighting potential challenges in meeting the discharge standard in eutrophic waters. BWMS also reduced plankton diversity in discharge samples compared to uptake samples, with molecular methods showing greater sensitivity than microscopy but potentially detecting DNA from both live and dead organisms. The findings underline the need for further research to address BWMS performance in different water qualities and to improve technology. Complementary use of microscopy and molecular methods offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating plankton diversity and BWMS effectiveness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-14032-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water stress assessment in rainfed crops and pastures by using remotely sensed evapotranspiration","authors":"Mosayeb Moqbeli,&nbsp;Arman Oliazadeh,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Sanaei Nejad,&nbsp;Mojtaba Sadegh","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13984-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13984-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural drought is a natural and damaging phenomenon that is especially harmful to rainfed agriculture. It occurs when there is insufficient soil moisture in the root zone for plants to survive between two rainfall events. In the absence of soil moisture, a variety of losses, including soil evaporation and plant transpiration, cause an imbalance between water supply and water loss. An evapotranspiration-based index was used here to assess agricultural drought. We applied this framework to a less studied area near Fariman City in the northeast part of IRAN. Two time periods were selected for comparison including 2015 and 2016 spring season that are associated with dry and wet conditions, respectively. To calculate the drought index, actual and potential evapotranspiration were estimated by the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), the upgraded Priestley-Taylor method and remote sensing data. The Relative Water Deficit Index (RWDI) illustrated that lack of water in rainfed lands and pastures for the dry period was obtained from 80 to 100 percent, whereas this was between 50 and 70% for the wet period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial assessment of environmental factors and flooding occurrences in Borno Metropolis, Northeastern Nigeria (1987–2024)","authors":"Sadegh Mokhtarisabet,&nbsp;Akus Kingsley Okoduwa","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14050-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14050-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change, driven by human and natural processes, has increased flood frequency, impacting infrastructure, and resources. This study explores the relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) changes, rainfall patterns, and floods in Borno Metropolis, Nigeria, during the 2024 floods. Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Landsat images from 1987 to 1990, 2013 to 2014, and 2024 were analyzed to calculate environmental indices, including the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images identified flood-affected areas in 2024. Rainfall data from CHIRPS (1987–2024) were analyzed using Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests. Rule-based classification identified environmental changes, and statistical tests such as Pearson, Spearman, Kendall, and point–biserial were applied to assess relationships between climatic and environmental factors and floods. Python was used for all analyses. The findings revealed that 330 km² (12.6%) of the total area experienced flooding in 2024. Vegetation cover decreased by 16.1 km² (0.61%) in 2024 compared to 1987–1990, and non-vegetated areas increased significantly, reaching 19.5 km² in 2024. Built-up/bareland areas expanded by 59.4 km² (2.39%) from 2013–2014 to 2024. Spearman analysis effectively highlighted non-linear relationships between indices and floods. Point–biserial tests confirmed correlations between rainfall and flooding <span>({(r}_{pb}=0.15, p=&lt;0.001),)</span> indicating that higher rainfall levels increase flood likelihood. The heavy rainfall of 863 mm in 2024 was a key factor in increasing runoff and intensifying floods. This study highlights critical flood-affected areas, providing valuable insights for flood management planning to help governments and local communities reduce risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic dynamics and ecosystem health of a young tropical reservoir in Northeast India","authors":"Sanjenbam Bidyasagar,&nbsp;Keisham Sushma,&nbsp;Prajna Ritambhara Swain,&nbsp;Giri Bhavan Sreekanth,&nbsp;Yumnam Bedajit,&nbsp;Karankumar Ramteke,&nbsp;Ch. Basudha Devi,&nbsp;Pranab Gogoi,&nbsp;Sukham Monalisha,&nbsp;Gusheinzed Waikhom","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14003-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14003-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small reservoirs are recognised as the most productive man-made ecosystem inhabiting diverse flora and fauna, having a scope for small-scale fisheries to support food security, livelihood, and many other ecological services. This study aimed to determine the trophic structure and ecosystem functioning of the Maphou Reservoir, located in the Northeastern Hill region, India, using the Ecopath mass-balance modelling approach, to figure out the strategic scientific ecosystem-based fisheries management. Ten functional groups were identified, most of which were confined in trophic level II (low order primary consumer). Exotic fish was the most utilized group based on ecotrophic efficiency (EE = 0.782), followed by herbivorous fish (EE = 0.623), and carnivorous fish group are found to be the keystone species. Based on the mixed trophic index (MTI), lower trophic level functional groups (detritus and phytoplankton) had a positive impact on the higher trophic levels, manifesting a ‘bottom-up control’ ecosystem. The reservoir is a primary producer-driven ecosystem (transfer efficiency from primary producer, PP = 4.864%), and mean transfer efficiency is low (4.732%), indicating scope for enhancing the fish stock sizes. The total primary producer/total respiration (TPP/TR) (3.629) and total primary producer/total biomass (TPP/TB) (70.70) suggested that the reservoir is in immature and developing ecosystem with high resilience against external perturbations (Overhead = 63.25%). The reservoir shows a moderately complex food web structure (connectance index = 0.457). The study recommended management measures for stocking enhancement of detritivores (<i>Cirrhinus mrigala</i>, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) and phyto-planktivorous fishes (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>, <i>H. nobilis</i>) to improve ecosystem efficiency; both groups have fairly low EE (detritus EE = 0.105 and phytoplankton EE = 0.379). These findings will be an essential input for policy formulation and scientific management of the small reservoir ecosystems in the tropics.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal hazard assessment of municipal solid waste dumps through improved satellite-based indicators","authors":"Misbah Noureen,&nbsp;Khalid Mahmood,&nbsp;Sajid Rashid Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13942-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13942-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the seasonal and temporal variations of environmental impacts surrounding the municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping site in Bahawalpur, the study accomplished spatiotemporal analysis for three satellite-based indicators: bio indicators (B-Is), thermal indicators (T-I), and moisture indicators (M-I) over 7 years of data acquired using a space-based platform from 2015 to 2021. The average annual expansions of bio-, thermal-, and moisture-influenced zones are 1114, 1158, and 1129 m with severity range averages to 0.07, 2.96, and 0.07 respectively. The seasonal averages of bio-influenced zone are 1341, 1277, 1151, 1103, 1044, and 779 m; thermal-influenced zones are 1163, 1391,1433, 790, 1376, and 797 m; moisture-influenced zone are 1361, 1312, 1125, 1028 1148, and 803 m as found in wet summer, monsoon, winter I, winter II, spring, and dry summer respectively. The analysis discovers that bio- and moisture-influenced zones are dependent on meteorological conditions; however, seasonal temperature variations affect the thermal influence zone. In addition, both the Mann–Kendall test and innovative trend analysis have been used to find trends. The importance of SRS data as an alternative for costly and time-consuming in situ datasets has been verified by the present investigation. Consequently, in order to address the problem of environmental degradation, the proposed research will be beneficial in a variety of waste management domains, such as the location of engineered waste disposal facilities and contamination monitoring of different locations adjacent to the dumping sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural and anthropogenic factors controlling hydrogeochemical processes in a fractured granite bedrock aquifer, Korea","authors":"Jiyun Kim,&nbsp;Jaeyeon Kim,&nbsp;Dugin Kaown,&nbsp;Won-Tak Joun","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14037-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14037-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contamination of groundwater has become a critical environmental concern, prompting international inquiries. In this study, the impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors in the granite bedrock groundwater system were identified based on the hydrogeochemical compositions including environmental isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, ²²²Rn, δ³⁴S_SO4, δ¹⁸O_SO4) using multivariate statistical methods. Hierarchical clustering analysis classified the groundwater samples into three groups for both dry and wet seasons. The first group, observed in both seasons, represents groundwater influenced by water–rock interactions in low flow and also demonstrates anthropogenic contamination near densely populated residential areas. The second group corresponds to higher flow groundwater, where surface water interaction affects with minimal anthropogenic impact. The third group characterizes relatively radon-contaminated groundwater, representing the predominant groundwater type in the study area. The isotope mixing model based on δ³⁴S_SO4 and δ¹⁸O_SO4 identified proportional contributions of precipitation (~ 14%), sewage (~ 22%), soil (~ 78%), and sulfide oxidation (~ 27%) sources. The redox processes of bacterial sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation were determined to have a minimal influence on sulfur isotope fractionation within the system. By integrating hydrogeochemical analysis, sulfur isotopes, and the MixSIAR model to trace sulfate sources, uncertainties are able be accounted in source contributions. The groundwater system was mainly influenced by natural factors through infiltration, particularly via the unsaturated soil layer during the wet season. This also indicates enhanced mixing of multiple factors during the recharge or discharge processes triggered by rainfall events. In contrast, anthropogenic contributions declined indicating strong seasonal influences, especially from sewage which decreased from 22 to 6% in groundwater most affected by human activity. This highlights the role of rainfall in diluting human-induced contaminants from the groundwater system. To understand the fractured granite groundwater system, a conceptual model was developed, detailing groundwater types and identifying sulfur sources. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-14037-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of innovative strategies for the sustainable management of solid waste generated in the health institutions of Zimbabwe","authors":"Zhavairo Tafadzwa,&nbsp;Jerie Steven","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14043-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14043-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Innovative frameworks and strategies for solid waste management have been brought forward by researchers to solve the phenomenon of accumulating waste in the environment globally. The sustainability of medical waste management then pivots on the ability of waste management in a way that proves harmless to humans, animals, plants and the environment at large. This review looks into the strategies for the sustainable management of solid waste generated in the health institutions of Zimbabwe. Waste management includes waste generation, waste segregation, waste storage, waste collection and transportation, waste treatment and disposal and waste reuse and recycling. Exhaustive literature review was conducted as the methodology for this review soliciting information on the solid medical waste management status worldwide. In Zimbabwe, hazardous medical solid waste segregation, storage, transportation and disposal is a responsibility of the medical institutions generating the waste. These include trip and fall hazards, infectious hazards, cuts and lacerations, drugs addictions and radioactive hazards. The environment also faces contamination to the land, underground water bodies through leaching, surface water bodies, damage to flora, poisoning of fauna and contamination of the atmosphere by methane and carbon monoxide. Findings of the study show that innovations for medical solid waste management include frameworks such as the Ladder of Lansink and the three ‘R’s. Innovative technologies include rotary kiln incinerators, automated segregation and engineered landfills. Therefore, the framework addresses issues impeding the adoption of these innovative strategies in Zimbabwe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach for assessing risk, planning, and decision-making in protecting ecological resources on contaminated sites compared to local regions","authors":"Joanna Burger,&nbsp;Michael Gochfeld,&nbsp;Kevin G. Brown,&nbsp;Kelly Ng,&nbsp;David S. Kosson","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13993-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13993-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The United States and other countries have degraded lands because of legacy wastes from the Second World War, Cold War, and industrialization. There is a need to return lands to productive uses that necessitates assessing and monitoring ecological resources. Federal governments and the public are interested in assurances that federal landowners are protective of environmental and ecological health. This paper uses the U.S. National Land Cover Database to (1) compare land cover on two Department of Energy (DOE) facilities with the surrounding region (10-km and 30-km bands), (2) determine if each has preserved more of the climax vegetation on each site, and (3) discuss how the method allows managers, regulators, and the public to assess if ecological resources on contaminated lands are protected. The analysis method employed provides a monitoring tool that can be used following restoration or management. About 70% of Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) is forested, compared to 45% of the 10-km buffer (52% of 30-km buffer). Savannah River Site (SRS) protected 58% of its forest compared to 27% of its buffers. Both DOE sites have the opportunity to preserve the largest tracts of unbroken forest during remediation, especially those that include wetlands surrounded by forest. The highest percentage of land cover on both sites is the local natural forest. Visually, ORR has more development in the surrounding region than does SRS. This method can be applied to degraded sites across the U.S. and elsewhere and provides a visual tool for managers, regulators, and the public to quickly access information on vegetation types, the importance of ecological resources, and vulnerability of these resources within the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13993-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation dynamics of pyroxasulfone: exploring soil health impacts and dietary risk assessment","authors":"Pervinder Kaur,&nbsp;Harshdeep Kaur,&nbsp;Tarundeep Kaur,&nbsp;Makhan Singh Bhullar","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14051-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14051-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyroxasulfone is a widely used pre-emergent herbicide for weed control in various crops. However, moderate to high soil persistence of pyroxasulfone can cause phytotoxicity to succeeding crops and disrupt soil microbial communities. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the persistence of pyroxasulfone and its impact on soil health, followed by an assessment of its phytotoxicity on succeeding crops such as <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> (potato), <i>Pisum sativum</i> (pea), <i>Spinacia oleracea</i> (spinach), <i>Brassica oleracea var. capitata</i> (cabbage), <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> (metha), <i>Trigonella corniculata</i> (methi), and <i>Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis</i> (toria). A 3-year field study (2020–2022) was conducted to examine pyroxasulfone degradation with application rates ranging from 76.5 to 255 g ha⁻¹. Soil enzymatic activities (DHA, APA, urease) and microbial populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) were measured over time, while carryover effects on subsequent crops were evaluated through growth parameters (germination, root/shoot length, biomass). Degradation of pyroxasulfone was strongly influenced by application rates and prevailing weather conditions. Although residues were below maximum residue limits at harvest, differential sensitivity was observed in succeeding crops, with peas showing a higher susceptibility to pyroxasulfone than methi or cabbage. The application of pyroxasulfone initially reduced soil enzymatic activities and microbial abundances and this inhibition effect gradually recovered over time. Dehydrogenase activity was the most sensitive and bacterial count exhibited highest reduction in abundance among the studied soil activities. The differential sensitivity observed among succeeding crops and short-term suppression of soil activities underscores the importance of optimizing plant-back periods to mitigate residual herbicide effects and continuous monitoring of soil health in herbicide-treated fields. These insights can help to improve herbicide management practices and guide regulatory agencies in minimizing environmental impact while ensuring effective weed control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}