Environmental Monitoring and Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable management of mixed soil contaminants through integrated biosystems: Efficacy of biochar and humic acid amendments in marigold phytoremediation","authors":"Ettiyagounder Parameswari,&nbsp;Selvaraj Paulsebastian,&nbsp;Periyasamy Kalaiselvi,&nbsp;Tamilselvan Ilakiya,&nbsp;Veeraswamy Davamani,&nbsp;Kathirvel Suganya,&nbsp;Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan,&nbsp;Alagirisamy Bharani","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13914-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13914-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study investigated the fate and transport of mixed contaminants—chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)—in soil using an integrated biosystem. Known concentrations of contaminants and organic amendments (biochar and humic acid) were introduced into unpolluted soil to assess degradability, mobility, bioavailability, and phytoremediation potential using marigold plants. Contaminants reduced plant physiological traits, including photosynthetic rate (33%), stomatal conductance (58%), and transpiration rate (74%) compared to control plants. Root traits and the effectiveness of biochar and humic acid were evaluated using “GiA Roots” software. Root architecture varied significantly due to contamination, with seven traits analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA). PC1 accounted for 79% variance, highlighting amendment effects, while PC2 (21%) grouped mixed contaminant treatments, indicating that biochar and humic acid enhanced root growth in contaminated soil. Additionally, untreated contaminated soil produced the root growth inhibitor 2-methyl cortisol, identified via GC/MS analysis. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that roots in control soil had well-defined stele structures, whereas contaminated soil led to severe structural collapse. Post-harvest soil analysis revealed that humic acid treatments reduced Cr, Cd, and PFOA by 48.5%, 40.1%, and 88%, respectively, while biochar treatments achieved reductions of 68.3%, 52.7%, and 92%. These results highlight the effectiveness of biochar and humic acid in reducing contamination through sorptive properties and chemical binding. Applying biochar at 5 t ha⁻¹ or humic acid at 20 kg ha⁻¹, combined with phytoremediation, effectively mitigated soil toxicity, improving crop productivity by lowering contaminant levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of WRF model simulations of extreme rainfall events in West Africa: a comprehensive review","authors":"Anselem Onyejuruwa,&nbsp;Zhenghua Hu,&nbsp;Charles Anosike,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam,&nbsp;Dinesh Madhushanka","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13932-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13932-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The need to advance operational capacities in numerical weather prediction models across West Africa is becoming increasingly urgent, given the rising frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events in the region, particularly in Nigeria. This study conducted a systematic review to investigate the sensitivity and performance of the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model in simulating extreme rainfall events in Nigeria, employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist for data filtering. The study synthesizes findings, revealing significant latitudinal variations in rainfall occurrences and an increasing trend in high rainfall amounts. Additionally, the WRF model’s capacity for short-range and probabilistic rainfall forecasting is highlighted. Other key takeaways include critical challenges related to model configurations, such as physics parameterization, initial lateral and boundary conditions, and model resolution. Notably, the study uncovered a research gap in simulating deep convective systems (e.g., Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs)), which are vital and could serve as a proxy for extreme rainfall prediction in Nigeria. Despite certain limitations affecting the performance of the WRF model in most of the selected studies, it remains a valuable tool for both operational and research purposes. Its potential applications include realistic weather simulations for quantitative rainfall predictions. The study provides valuable insights into the current state of extreme rainfall events in Nigeria, using the WRF model. Therefore, we recommend future studies focusing on multiple WRF experiments to explore the rainfall-associated dynamics across Nigeria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological quality and structural diversity of Western Taiga habitat (*9010) in Estonia’s Natura 2000 network","authors":"Eneli Põldveer,&nbsp;Teele Paluots,&nbsp;Henn Korjus,&nbsp;Tauri Arumäe,&nbsp;Ahto Kangur,&nbsp;Diana Laarmann","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13922-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13922-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Western Taiga habitat (*9010) plays the key role in the Natura 2000 network in Estonia. Natura 2000 is a European Union nature conservation area network aimed to safeguard the long-term survival of Europe’s unique flora and fauna. This study examines the Western Taiga habitat within mixed oligo-mesotrophic and mesotrophic forests on mineral soils with a minimum age of 70 years, providing a comprehensive assessment of the habitat’s current condition. The assessment includes ecological quality variables such as species composition, dead trees, lying deadwood, large trees, gaps, and characteristic species groups (mosses, vascular plants, lichens, fungi, beetles), as well as overall forest stand structural heterogeneity. The findings characterize the habitat’s ecological quality at a specific point in time, offer practical guidelines for potential habitat quality improvements, and support conservation efforts within Estonia’s Natura 2000 network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13922-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid sulfate soils: formation, identification, environmental impacts, and sustainable remediation practices","authors":"Maksudur Rahman Asif,&nbsp;Boya Ye,&nbsp;Cuiping Ye","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13919-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13919-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are prevalent and provide significant environmental hazards due to their capacity to produce high acidity when exposed to oxygen. This study offers a thorough summary of the development, identification, environmental effects, and sustainable remediation techniques for ASS. These soils generally form under anaerobic circumstances in coastal, estuary, and low-lying inland areas, where sulfide minerals build over time. Upon disturbance, ASS emits sulfuric acid, resulting in acidification, mobilization of heavy metals, deterioration of water quality, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of ecosystem services. Identifying ASS by chemical, mineralogical, and geographical methodologies is crucial for alleviating their effects. Sustainable remediation solutions encompass regulated drainage, groundwater management, and organic amendments to improve soil-buffering capacity and facilitate sulfate reduction. Moreover, new advancements in bioremediation, including microbial-assisted sulfate reduction, demonstrate potential for enduring soil stability. Notwithstanding continuous advancements, efficient ASS administration necessitates a cohesive strategy that amalgamates scientific inquiry with pragmatic field implementation. This review emphasizes the necessity for multidisciplinary collaboration to create adaptable, site-specific solutions that mitigate environmental concerns while promoting sustainable land use. This study enhances the management of ASS in fragile ecosystems by addressing critical information deficiencies and investigating new remediation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural radioactivity in crude oil–spilled soils of Baralue and Korokoro communities, Ogoniland, Nigeria, and the assessment of radiological risks using Monte Carlo simulations","authors":"Henry Uzoma Emelue,&nbsp;Samuel Okon Inyang,&nbsp;Matthew Omoniyi Isinkaye,&nbsp;Isaac Bassey Ekong","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13858-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13858-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radiation measurements and their health hazard assessments were carried out in the crude oil spill-affected communities of Baralue and Korokoro in Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study utilized both in situ and laboratory methods. In situ measurements were taken with a GQ GMC–500/GMC–500 + digital Geiger Muller counter, while a cesium iodide (thallium-doped) gamma-ray spectrometer was used for laboratory measurements. Data were collected from forty (40) locations within the creeks with a history of crude oil spillage and ten (10) locations with no such history serving as control. For the in situ method, both the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) in the crude oil–impacted communities were higher than those in the non-crude oil–impacted areas, and all values are lower than the global average background radiation dose of 0.48 mSv year⁻¹. Laboratory methods measured activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (⁴⁰ K, ²³²Th, and ²²⁶Ra) to compute radiological parameters such as <i>D</i>_out, AEDE, <i>R</i>_aeq, AGED, AUI, <i>I</i>_γ, <i>H</i>_out, <i>H</i>_in, and ELCR. These results indicated a slight increase in radiation levels and health hazards in the crude oil spillage areas compared to non-spillage areas, although they remained below the world permissible levels. This suggests that crude oil spillages may have altered natural radiation concentrations and increased radiological health hazards in the impacted areas. Additionally, in situ measurement values are higher than laboratory measurement values due to environmental radiation interference, unlike the controlled laboratory environment where gamma radiation was shielded from environmental and cosmic interference. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the study area has a minimal probability of cancer risks to the public as a result of exposure to external radiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term grass lawn management increases soil organic carbon sequestration and microbial carbon use efficiency","authors":"Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf,&nbsp;Irfa Mehmood,&nbsp;Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi,&nbsp;Muhammad Itazaz Hassan,&nbsp;Muhammad Sanaullah,&nbsp;Muhammad Mubashar Zafar,&nbsp;Khalid M. Elhindi","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13916-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13916-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change mitigation is a global challenge that demands effective strategies to reduce atmospheric carbon concentrations. Grass lawns can sequester a significant amount of atmospheric carbon in soil contributing to mitigate climate change. However, it is not clear whether long-term management of grass lawns continues to sequester atmospheric carbon effectively. By using four different grass lawns established within five (GL1), fifteen (GL2), fifty (GL3), and eighty years old (GL4), this study assessed soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, carbon management index (CMI), cumulative SOC mineralization, and microbial metabolic quotient (<i>q</i>CO₂). Results showed that the grass lawn managed for 80 years (GL4) had the highest SOC stock (+ 67%) and sequestration (+ 140%) compared to the young grass lawn (GL1). Additionally, cumulative SOC mineralization rates were highest in GL4 (171%) compared to GL1. Notably, <i>q</i>CO₂ decreased in 80 years aged plot (-6%), indicating enhanced carbon use efficiency of microbial communities and highlighting the advantages of maintaining long-term grass lawns to support carbon sequestration. Furthermore, soil microbial biomass and carbon management indices are significantly enhanced but narrowed dissolved nutrient stoichiometry under aged grass lawn in comparison with newly established grass lawn. We conclude that long-term maintaining grass lawns offers an excellent strategy for carbon management to counteract the effect of changing climate and ecosystem restoration. This data set could serve as valuable resource for climate modeling and policy recommendations to improve soil organic carbon sequestration in low carbon soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating biogas production in Moroccan landfills: a comparative analysis of LandGEM and IPCC models","authors":"Abderrahime Bhar,&nbsp;Karima Azoulay,&nbsp;Salma Sakini,&nbsp;Ahmed Moufti,&nbsp;Tarek Zandar,&nbsp;Saloua Jemjami","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13827-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13827-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines municipal waste management in Morocco, highlighting the increase in population and waste production, as well as the associated environmental challenges. With population and industrial growth, the amount of waste generated exceeds the capacity of traditional landfill methods, leading to environmental risks. Therefore, it focuses on estimating the biogas production and environmental implications of a controlled landfill using the LandGEM and IPCC models. The results show an increasing trend in biogas production over time, with the LandGEM model estimating a total biogas production of 14,940,861 m³ by 2045, compared to the IPCC model’s estimate of 18,067,452 m³, underscoring the need to monitor and manage greenhouse gas emissions. A comparison between the LandGEM and IPCC models reveals differences in biogas production estimates, with higher values for the IPCC model. Despite these differences, both models confirm the increase in biogas production at the landfill. Finally, the paper assesses the potential for electricity generation from biogas and estimates the potential economic benefits, with a progressive increase in the production of electric energy over the years, starting from 0 GWh/year in 2014, peaking at 52.08 GWh/year in 2045. The results suggest a significant potential for generating electrical energy, offering the landfill energy autonomy and the possibility of selling surplus electricity to the Moroccan town council. The study highlights the importance of sustainable waste management and the use of renewable resources to mitigate environmental risks and promote sustainable development in Morocco.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal assessment of landscape ecological risk and its influencing factors in Jiangxi Province, China","authors":"Xintong Dong,&nbsp;Xinmin Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Liu,&nbsp;Caihua Zhou,&nbsp;Tiangui Lv","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13825-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13825-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landscape ecological risk (LER) can be assessed according to the combined effect of natural disturbances and anthropogenic activities on ecosystem, which can provide an important basis for promoting ecological civilization. On the basis of landscape patterns, an LER assessment system was developed, and the spatiotemporal change in the LER in Jiangxi Province between 2000 and 2020 was analyzed. The findings revealed that rapid urbanization in Jiangxi Province has altered land use patterns, characterized by notable decreases in forestland and cultivated land, accompanied by a substantial increase in built-up land. Most of Jiangxi Province exhibited low LER values, with notable improvement over the past two decades. The proportion of areas classified as exhibiting extremely high risk and high risk levels decreased from 8.68% to 5.70%, while the proportion of areas classified as exhibiting an extremely low risk level increased from 43.37% to 51.72%. In a significant proportion of areas, the LER decreased, and an area with clear improvement extended outward from Nanchang city. Low LER values were clustered in the mountainous area, while high LER values were clustered in northern Jiangxi. In an investigation of the LER formation mechanism via a geographically weighted regression model, the annual temperature, digital elevation model (DEM) value, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were primarily negatively correlated with the LER in most areas. Conversely, the land use degree was positively correlated with the LER. This research provides insighs for optimizing urban economic growth models and promoting sustainable landscape management in Jiangxi Province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the effect of climate change on the distribution of plant communities in Zayandeh-Rud basin, Iran","authors":"Mahbobeh Hadinejad,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Naghipour,&nbsp;Ataollah Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Babak Naimi","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13861-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13861-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change is one of the major threats facing various regions in the world, including the Zayandeh-Rud basin in Iran. Although numerous studies have been carried out to predict the effects of climate change on the distribution of plant species, one important issue that has been largely neglected is the examination of the impacts of climate change on plant communities. Therefore, in this study, we modeled the potential effects of climate change on the distribution of the existing plant communities in the study area, including Semi Steppe-Shrub, Semi Steppe-Semi Shrub, Semi Steppe-Perennial Herbaceous, Steppe-Semi Shrub, Alpine Vegetation, Semi Desert-Salty Plants, and Semi Desert-Shrub. Using the presence points of plant communities and environmental variables, we performed modeling of the current (1970–2000) and future (2070) distribution of the plant communities in the study area. The results of the MaxEnt modeling under two General Circulation Models (MRI-ESM2-0 and HadGEM3-GC31-LL) with SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios showed that the suitable habitats of many of the studied plant communities will face a significant decrease in the next 50 years. The most significant reduction in suitable habitat is projected for the Semi Steppe-Perennial Herbaceous community (18–29.4%) and the Semi Desert-Shrub community (19–29%) within the Zayandeh-Rud basin, highlighting substantial habitat contraction under future climate scenarios. These changes can have significant implications for ecosystem functions and the livelihoods of local communities. The findings of this study emphasize the necessity of designing and implementing targeted conservation and management programs for the plant communities in this important region in response to the growing threat of climate change. Therefore, our findings can guide managers in prioritizing plant communities and adopting proactive measures to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13861-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance of MARPOL convention in port areas: Bangladesh perspective","authors":"Salman Sikder Saikot,&nbsp;Md Mostafa Aziz Shaheen,&nbsp;Rana Saha","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13857-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13857-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>International Maritime Organization (IMO) established the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), aiming to prevent marine and oceanic contamination from maritime transportation. Despite the wider success of MARPOL compliance by most of the maritime nations, Bangladesh is still falling behind. According to the literature, vessel pollution in Bangladesh’s ports and adjacent marine areas is still a frequent occurrence. Consequently, the purpose of the study was to determine key challenges and relevant issues relating to MARPOL in the port areas of Bangladesh. Efforts have been made to identify the compliance parameters of MARPOL to address its current state in the Bangladeshi port areas and put forward strategies to get the optimum output. This study uses a mixed approach by collecting data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected through field surveys from port officials, shipping personnel, academicians, and regulatory authorities using structured questionnaires. Secondary data sources include published books, documents, legislation, and articles, as well as Internet sources. The result revealed that Bangladeshi ports are unable to comply with the entire MARPOL Convention due to lack of commitment, legislation, and resources. Additionally, it assessed the current state of the MARPOL convention and the regulatory framework governing maritime pollution issues. The fundamental causes include an absence of a legal framework and distinct authority, a scarcity of resources, and crew negligence. Therefore, the study proposed adopting new regulations to establish compensation for MARPOL violations, coordination among government agencies, improving resource and monitoring systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}