Environmental Monitoring and Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Land surface temperature variations in the Yunnan Province of Southwest China","authors":"Hong Huo,&nbsp;Changping Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13555-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13555-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-altitude areas are thought to be more sensitive to climate change, but long-term series of land surface temperature (LST) observations are still inadequate in low-latitude high-altitude mountainous areas. We investigated spatiotemporal variations in the LST and its dominant driving factors at different time scales based on the long-term series (2001 − 2020) of MODIS data over the Yunnan Province (YNP) in southwest China, with a special focus on elevation-dependent warming (EDW). The results indicated that annual LST generally increased at a rate of 0.18 °C decade⁻¹ over the past 20 years, and the increase was stronger in summer (0.47 °C decade⁻¹). Moreover, the nighttime warming rate (0.43 °C decade⁻¹) was much faster than that during the daytime (− 0.08 °C decade⁻¹), indicating that there was an asymmetric diurnal warming. We also confirmed the presence of EDW, which behaves more greatly above 3500 m. Spatially, the warming trend in high-cold mountains, hot-dry river valleys and the tropics was obvious, while the trend in the northeastern YNP and western side of the Ailao Mountains was opposite. On the timescales of annual, autumn and winter, more than 60% of the LST in the study area was mainly affected by temperature, and 20% ~ 30% was affected by precipitation. LST and warming trend largely differenced with respect to land cover types, with the highest values occurring in built-up lands. This research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of climate change processes in the YNP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating remote sensing and UAV imagery for detection of invasive Hovenia dulcis Thumb. (Rhamnaceae) in urban Atlantic Forest remnants","authors":"Patrik Gustavo Wiesel,&nbsp;Marcos Henrique Schroeder,&nbsp;Bruno Deprá,&nbsp;Bianca Junkherr Salgueiro,&nbsp;Betina Mariela Barreto,&nbsp;Eduardo Rodrigo Ramos de Santana,&nbsp;Andreas Köhler,&nbsp;Eduardo Alcayaga Lobo","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13501-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13501-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The invasive species <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> is considered the main invasive species in the Atlantic Forest, capable of altering environmental conditions at a local scale and provoking profound changes in the composition of the plant community. Combining drone and satellite images can make forest monitoring more efficient, enabling a more targeted and effective response to contain the spread of invasive species. This research aimed to use high-resolution CBERS-4A satellite combined with drone images to detect invasive trees in forested areas of the Atlantic Forest. An object-oriented, supervised automatic classification was performed using the Dzetsaka Classification Tool and the Gaussian Mixture Model method. Additionally, georeferenced orthomosaics obtained by drones, totaling 150 ha, were used to confirm the identification of the invasive species. The entire forest area was surveyed to determine the tree community, where 72 random sample plots, each with a fixed area of 100 m², were established. The calculated indices, such as the Shannon index (<i>H</i>’) = 3.65 and uniformity (<i>J</i>’) = 78%, demonstrate that the plant community has a high diversity of species. However, the invasive <i>H. dulcis</i> had the highest number of sampled individuals (146), being the species with the highest relative density (9.14) within the community and the second highest in relative frequency (5.10%), coverage importance value (8.85%), and importance value index (7.60%). The methodology employed to identify the invasive species through satellite, and drone images allowed for rapid and precise data collection and quantification of the invasive species, covering an area of 86.44 ha of the forest fragment, which corroborates the field data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of gas extraction on fisheries’ footprint in the Middle East: applying spatial econometrics","authors":"Somayeh Razzaghi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Fotros","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13484-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13484-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The different stages of oil and gas extraction in the seabed are linked to water pollution and threaten fish reserves. This issue becomes more critical in the Middle East countries which are rich in natural resources and at the same time are facing water tensions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the harmful impact of gas extraction on fisheries’ footprint in the Middle East based on data from 1990 to 2021. In addition, as the destructive effects of gas extraction are not only limited to the extraction area but also affect the region widespread, then to examine the spreading characteristic of fishing ground footprint in the entire region of the Middle East, this study applies spatial econometrics. According to the results, local gas extraction has a considerable positive and significant effect on the home fishery’s footprint. Each percent growth in local gas extraction leads to a significant increase of approximately 0.21 in the home fishing footprint index. In addition, spatial coefficients analysis reveals that a 1% growth in gas extraction in neighboring countries leads to a 4% increase in fisheries footprint inside a country. In addition, the driving force of fisheries footprint in the Middle East mainly came from gas extraction, accelerated economic development (GDP^2), and agricultural production of the country itself, as well as the urbanization, industrialization, and gas extraction of neighboring countries, respectively. Then, the catastrophe of fishing areas’ demolition caused by gas extraction activities in the Middle East area is remarkable and fish conservation needs more intra- and cross-country prevention policies in the Middle East area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity in certified and non-certified cocoa plantations in Indonesia","authors":"Saskia Dröge,&nbsp;Lilik Budi Prasetyo,&nbsp;Bart Muys","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13441-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13441-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acoustic indices allow time efficient analysis of large acoustic datasets obtained from passive acoustic monitoring, but results regarding their effectiveness in assessing biodiversity are inconsistent. We evaluated the efficacy of six acoustic indices (ACI, ADI, AEI, H, BI, NDSI) for studying bird and structural diversity in 51 cocoa plantations, 24 of which were certified by Rainforest Alliance, in Luwu Timur, Sulawesi, Indonesia. We used linear models to assess the correlation of index values with bird species richness, and linear mixed models to test the influence of canopy closure, shade tree basal area, distance to primary forest and tree cover in a 200-m buffer on index values. Bird species richness was positively correlated with BI (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and negatively with H (<i>p</i> = 0.03), yet predictive power was low (<i>R</i>² = 0.10 and 0.09, respectively). Acoustic indices did not differ significantly for certified cocoa plantations. Tree cover within the 200-m buffer moderately well predicted ACI values (marginal <i>R</i>² = 0.37) while for the other indices effect sizes were low or correlations were not significant. Comparing our results to other studies, acoustic indices may reflect biodiversity across land uses, but were of limited value for tracking subtle differences in cocoa plantations in Sulawesi. Future studies may include more land uses (i.e. rice paddies, secondary forest, oil palm) as well as more taxa (i.e. insects). More research is needed on the comparability of acoustic indices, as we found them to be influenced by recording equipment and calculation settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and statistical analysis of burned areas with Landsat-8/9 and Sentinel-2 satellites: 2023 Çanakkale forest fires","authors":"Deniz Bitek,&nbsp;Fusun Balik Sanli,&nbsp;Ramazan Cuneyt Erenoglu","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13474-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13474-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest fires are one of the most dangerous disasters that threaten the natural environment, life, and diversity worldwide. The frequency of these fires and the size of the impact area have been increasing in recent years. Remote sensing methods are frequently used to detect areas affected by forest fires, to map the burned areas, to follow the course of fires, and to reveal verious statistical data. In this study, forest fires that occurred on 16.07.2023 and 22.08.2023 in Çanakkale province were analyzed using Landsat-8/9 and Sentinel-2 satellite images and various remote sensing indices. By using the images before and after the fires, the burned areas were determined and the performance of different indices were compared. The areas affected by fires were revealed using dNBR (Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio), RBR (Relative Burn Ratio), and dNDVI (Differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) indices. The fire-affected areas were calculated as 3,244.41 hectares (ha) and 4,292.37 ha for the July and August fires with Landsat-8/9 images, respectively; and 3,312.08 ha and 4,445.03 ha with Sentinel-2 images, respectively. In addition, the accuracy analysis of the areas calculated using different indices was performed. By comparing the results of the analysis and accuracy assessment, the performances of Landsat-8/9 and Sentinel-2 images were determined. According to the results obtained, the Overall Accuracy values of the areas affected by fires were between 0.76 – 0.89, Kappa statistical values were between 0.52 – 0.78, and the highest value in the calculation of the burned areas was the dNBR index for both Landsat-8/9 and Sentinel-2 images.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of spatial variability and temporal stability of groundwater redox conditions in New Zealand","authors":"Stephen B. Collins,&nbsp;Ranvir Singh,&nbsp;Stuart R. Mead,&nbsp;David J. Horne,&nbsp;Jon K. F. Roygard","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13427-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13427-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitigating the impacts of agricultural nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) on water quality requires a clear understanding of their transport pathways and transformation processes from land to receiving waters. For nitrate, which is subject to subsurface denitrification, it is therefore important to assess the spatial variability and temporal stability of groundwater redox conditions, as nitrate reduction typically occurs in reducing conditions. This paper presents a robust assessment of a large groundwater quality data set collected across New Zealand landscapes, develops methods to impute missing groundwater redox-sensitive variables and characterises the spatial variability and temporal stability of groundwater redox conditions against relevant landscape hydrogeochemical characteristics. Random forest and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) outperformed linear regression in predicting missing Mn²⁺ values, achieving higher accuracy (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.8) and lower error (<i>RMSE</i> &lt; 0.2 mg/L). Analysis of groundwater redox conditions highlights considerable spatial variability, particularly influenced by subsurface geology (rock types) and soil characteristics such as soil carbon and drainage across various hydrogeological settings. Our findings also reveal a higher prevalence of oxidised redox status in shallower groundwater and greater temporal stability in oxidised conditions across New Zealand landscapes. These insights have significant implications for targeted management strategies to reduce nitrate losses from farming activities, particularly in oxidised, shallow groundwater across different hydrogeological land units.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Cl and heavy metal removal during heat treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and municipal sludge after co-washing","authors":"Min Gan,&nbsp;Jinxin Xing,&nbsp;Zengqing Sun,&nbsp;Zhiyun Ji,&nbsp;Xiaohui Fan","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13532-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13532-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat treatment, known for its detoxification and volume reduction characteristics, is a promising technology for the management of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MFA) and municipal sludge (MS). This paper uses the solid residue from MFA and MS after co-washing as the raw material to study the melting properties, phase transformations, changes in Cl content, heavy metal removal efficiency, and leaching toxicity. The results indicated that co-processing of MFA and MS can effectively reduce the melting temperature. The migration of Cl elements was influenced by the CaO/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃) ratio and the formation of Cl-containing phases. During the heat treatment process, Cr and Ni remained relatively stable, while Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd were affected by Cl migration. Chlorine can promote the volatilization and escape of these heavy metals, but as Cl became fixed within Ca₁₀(SiO₄)₃(SO₄)₃Cl₂ and Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl, the removal efficiency decreased. To achieve the highest removal rates for these elements, the addition of MFA should be limited to no more than 20%, and the CaO/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃) ratio should be below 2.9. After heat treatment, the leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Ni met applicable standards. The findings of this study could provide a method for the treatment of MFA and MS after co-washing and can serve as guidance for heat treatment processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-024-13532-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing US Geological Survey science on salinization and salinity in candidate and selected priority river basins","authors":"Christopher H. Conaway,&nbsp;Nancy T. Baker,&nbsp;Craig J. Brown,&nbsp;Christopher T. Green,&nbsp;Douglas B. Kent","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13264-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13264-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The US Geological Survey (USGS) is selecting and prioritizing basins, known as Integrated Water Science basins, for monitoring and intensive study. Previous efforts to aid in this selection process include a scientifically defensible and quantitative assessment of basins facing human-caused water resource challenges (Van Metre et al. in <i>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</i>, <i>192</i>(7), 458 2020). In the present work, we explore this ranking process based on water quality considerations, specifically salinity and salinization. We selected top candidate basins to study salinity and salinization issues in 18 hydrologic regions that include 163 candidate basins. Our prioritization is based on quantitative assessment of sources of salinity, drivers of change, and receptors that must respond to those sources and drivers. Source terms represented in the prioritization include geology, depth to brackish groundwater, stream conductivity, chloride in precipitation, urban and agricultural land use, application of road salt as a deicer, and irrigation. Drivers represented in prioritization include changes in chemical weathering as a result of changes in rainwater chemistry. Receptors include measures of water stress, measurements of stream ecological health, and socioeconomic factors. In addition, we present research activities for the USGS on salinity and salinization that can be pursued in these basins including assessment of sources, pathways, and loadings; predicting and understanding changes in sources, peaks, and trends; understanding the components of salinity and mobilization of contaminants; understanding the relationship between salinization and changing ecosystems; and developing knowledge on the causes and distribution of groundwater salinity, brackish water resources, and challenges related to desalination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-024-13264-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality and stock assessment of Schizothorax niger (Alghad snowtrout) in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"Tabasum Yousuf,&nbsp;Saima Andrabi,&nbsp;Yahya Bakhtiyar","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13500-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13500-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current work was conducted to investigate fisheries dynamics, rate of growth, and mortality, along with demographic features of <i>Schizothorax niger</i> using length-frequency data collected monthly from Manasbal Lake from August 2020 and July 2022. The length data for estimation was categorized into 13 bins, and population parameters were explored utilizing various options in ELEFAN I, with the best fit (Rn = 0.282) calculated by means of the FiSAT-II application. TW = 1.94 TL^2.94, with <i>a</i> =  − 1.94, <i>b</i> = 2.94, and an attuned <i>r</i>² = 0.77 were derived for the weight and length association. The growing performance metric (ϕ) was calculated as 2.80. <i>S. niger</i> harvested stock in Manasbal Lake was prevalent in length categories of 20.5 to 25.4 and 25.5 to 30.4 cm. Different growth attributes were valued utilizing length frequency statistics as L_∞ = 46.05 cm, <i>k</i> = 0.30/year, and <i>t</i>₀ =  − 0.493 years. Over all mortality (<i>Z</i>), natural mortality (<i>M</i>), and fishing mortality (<i>F</i>) coefficients were evaluated as 1.43 year⁻¹, 0.56 year⁻¹, and 0.87 year⁻¹, respectively. The fish’s average length was assessed at the culmination of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th year as 15.42 cm, 22.78 cm, 28.09 cm, 32.61 cm, 36.03 cm, and 38.53 cm, respectively. Recruitment patterns in <i>S. niger</i> from Manasbal Lake indicate a singular annual recruitment occurrence, exclusively observed during the month of June. The current value of the exploitation (fish harvest) ratio (<i>E</i>) was 0.61 by the size-transformed catch curvature method, found to be marginally lower than the maximum value (<i>E</i>_max) of 0.699 depicting that the species is on the brink of overexploitation, and caution is required to maintain sustainability. The seasonal analysis of water quality parameters revealed that except for pH and free carbon dioxide, the other parameters showed pronounced temporal variations. Total alkalinity values were reflective of hard water type of the lake, and dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide values were reported to be suitable for <i>S. niger.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of the distribution of macro-, micro-, and toxic element contents of almond kernels burned with different digestion methods","authors":"Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed,&nbsp;Fahad Al-Juhaimi,&nbsp;Mehmet Musa Özcan,&nbsp;Nurhan Uslu,&nbsp;Emad Karrar","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13521-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-024-13521-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the elemental contents of almonds burned with four different methods to capture the elemental amount of almond kernels in the best way, to increase the release of obtainable elements by decomposing plant tissues, and to make them more atomized were measured and compared with ICP-AES. Depending on the digestion types, the K and Ca contents of almond varieties were determined as 10,167.35 (microwave) and 13,004.06 mg/kg (digestion with HCl) to 3303.63 (wett digestion) and 5162.43 mg/kg (muffle furnace), respectively. In addition, the highest average P (7.02 mg/kg) and S (17.32 mg/kg) were determined in almond samples burned in wett digestion and digestion with HCl systems. Depending on the burning types, the average Fe and Zn contents of almond samples were characterized as 19.00 (microwave) and 1162.92 mg/kg (muffle furnace) and 30.95 (microwave and digestion with HCl) and 56.57 mg/kg (muffle furnace), respectively. Among the almond varieties digested with different burning methods, the highest average Fe (400.82 mg/kg), Zn (55.98 mg/kg), Cu (5.53 mg/kg), Mn (55.38 mg/kg), and B 14.46 mg/kg) were found in Texas. It has been detected in bitter almond, Texas, and Nonpareil almond varieties. Depending on the digesting types, the average As and Al amounts of almond samples were determined between 481.85 (wett digestion) and 2110.68 mg/kg (digestion with HCl) and 134.09 (microwave) and 431.29 mg/kg (digestion with HCl). Among almond varieties, the highest average amounts of As (1551.73 mg/kg), Al (310.39 mg/kg), Ba (241.94 mg/kg), Cd (4.19 mg/kg), Cr (121.55 mg/kg), Co (3.81 mg/kg), Ni (59.90 mg/kg), and Pb (34.60 mg/kg) were detected in Texas, Nonpareil, bitter almond, bitter almond, Nonpareil, Fernando, bitter almond, and Nonpareil almond kernels, respectively. As a result, according to the digestion methods, the highest amounts of elements were defined in the samples digested with HCL, followed by wet digestion, muffle furnace, and microwave digestion methods in decreasing order.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}