Environmental Monitoring and Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Engineered mesoporous silica: a robust solution for inorganic and organic pollutant removal from water","authors":"Soumen Dey,&nbsp;Pooja Kumari,&nbsp;Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal,&nbsp;Vullakula Srinivas Rao,&nbsp;Banashree Dey","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13854-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13854-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review explores the multifaceted role of functionalized mesoporous silica in removing both inorganic and organic pollutants from various environmental matrices. The growing interest in mesoporous silica for pollution remediation was examined. The synthesis and analysis of organosilica materials with mesoporous structures were discussed, highlighting their unique properties and potential applications. The review explains the mechanisms behind the adsorption of inorganic contaminants like heavy metals. It highlights the interaction of mercury (Hg(II)) with thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica and the effectiveness of amino, poly-amino groups, advanced ligands, and bi-functionalized adsorbents. It also discusses the selectivity and functionality of these materials, focusing on their ability to target specific pollutants and reduce environmental harm. Furthermore, the review addresses the crucial aspect of regeneration and reuse of absorbent materials, enhancing the sustainability of pollution remediation processes. In addition to inorganic pollutants, the review examines the adsorption of hazardous organic species by pristine and uncalcined mesoporous silica, as well as aluminum-containing mesoporous silica. The incorporation of cyclodextrins into mesoporous silica matrices is explored as a strategy to enhance the adsorption capacity of organic compounds. Oxyanions and radionuclides are also considered, underscoring the versatility of mesoporous silica-based adsorbents in addressing a wide range of environmental contaminants. This review provides insights into the potential of enhanced mesoporous silica as a versatile and efficient solution for the removal of both inorganic and organic pollutants, paving the way for sustainable environmental remediation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitation by Baccharis sarothroides (desert broom) during revegetation of a hard rock mine in Southern Arizona, USA","authors":"Sierra T. Lauman,&nbsp;Julia W. Neilson,&nbsp;Elise S. Gornish","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13934-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13934-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post mining revegetation efforts are often faced with challenges associated with poor soil conditions and sparse vegetation. Revegetation in arid regions faces further challenges due to scant and infrequent rainfall during the initial phases of plant establishment. Early successional plants may provide utility for targeted management to enhance remediation outcomes as these species have high dispersal capabilities and rapid growth rates, enabling them to successfully dominate landscapes very quickly after degradation. This research aims to test whether the native <i>Baccharis sarothroides</i> Gray (desert broom), a common early successional species, facilitates the growth of native plant communities on a copper mine in Southern Arizona. Fifty <i>B. sarothroides</i> individuals of varying sizes were randomly selected on a mine tailings waste pile and the plant communities growing both under their canopies as well as in exposed areas were characterized. Soil chemical composition and abiotic conditions were also assessed. We found higher plant density, cover, diversity, and species richness under <i>B. sarothroides</i> canopies in comparison to the exposed areas, however, the height of the individual had no effect. <i>Baccharis sarothroides</i> provides some alleviation from abiotic stresses by creating a cooler understory with higher soil moisture levels and lower soil temperature. <i>Baccharis sarothroides</i> demonstrates value for increasing revegetation success on copper mine tailings storage facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing potential toxic metal threats in tea growing soils of India with soil health indices and machine learning technologies","authors":"Saibal Ghosh,&nbsp;Sonali Banerjee,&nbsp;Riddhi Basu,&nbsp;Sonam Jha,&nbsp;Pradip Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Sristi Das,&nbsp;Piw Das,&nbsp;Raktim Pal","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13926-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13926-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the impact of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) contamination in Indian tea-growing soils on ecosystems, soil quality, and human health using machine learning and statistical analysis. A total of 148 surface soil samples were collected from: Terai, Dooars, Darjeeling, and Jorhat, which are significant regions for tea cultivation in India. Results showed that the PTM concentrations in total soil, bioavailable fraction (DTPA), and tea leaves were significantly higher than the acceptable limits in Zone 1. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), correlation analysis and Self-Organizing Map (SOM) were applied to identify primary pollution sources and contributors. A geospatial model was developed to forecast the PTMs distribution patterns in tea-growing zones. The Free Ion Activity Model (FIAM) assessed PTM solubility in contaminated soils and transfer to tea leaves, with Hazard Quotient values (FIAM-HQ &lt; 0.5) moderately exceeding the safety threshold for Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cu. The severity adjustment margin of exposure (SAMOE) results indicate that PTM-contaminated tea poses a moderate (concern level 4: 0.01–0.1) health risk to humans for Cr: 0.045 and Ni: 0.062 except Pb, Cu, and Cd. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) indicated that total carcinogenic risk (TCR) is significant, with children being the most affected compared to adults, as shown by Sensitivity analysis. This underscores the importance of addressing TCR, especially for children. This study underscores the ecological and health risks posed by PTM contamination in tea-growing soils, highlighting the need for targeted mitigation strategies to safeguard both soil quality and human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water disinfection and disinfection by products","authors":"Nishu Dhanda,&nbsp;Sudesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13915-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13915-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For ecological safety and public health, it is essential to identify the causes of pollution in water sources and the effects of both natural and human activities. A class of secondary pollutants known as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is produced when water is treated with disinfectant. Global problems include DBP formation, monitoring, and health effects in drinkable water. Because of the negative health effects of drinking chlorinated water and some DBPs, water manufacturers have made an attempt to balance pathogen elimination with DBP monitoring. The primary obstacles to managing DBPs are their low concentrations and the viability of their extensive use from a technical and economic perspective. Adsorption on activated carbons, ion exchange, membrane processes, and reducing precursors like NOMs are some of the techniques that may be used in controlling DBPs. The application of both new and conventional disinfection technologies in the removal of ARB and ARGs is also summarized in this review, with an emphasis on bacterial inactivation mechanisms like ozonation, chlorination, ultraviolet (UV), sunlight, sunlight-dissolved organic matter (DOM), and photocatalysis/photoelectrocatalysis (PEC).</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use/land cover changes due to gold mining in the Singida region, central Tanzania: environmental and socio-economic implications","authors":"Azaria Stephano Lameck,&nbsp;Brian Rotich,&nbsp;Abdalrahman Ahmed,&nbsp;Harison Kipkulei,&nbsp;Silvester Raymond Mnyawi,&nbsp;Kornel Czimber","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13921-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13921-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the land use and land cover (LULC) changes (1995–2023) in the gold mining hotspots of Mang’onyi, Sambaru, and Londoni in the Singida region of Tanzania. The study integrated remote sensing (RS) to evaluate the LULC transitions with social survey assessments (83 respondents) to determine the resident’s perceptions of the environmental, social, and economic implications of mining bridging technical data with socio-economic realities. Supervised classification of Landsat images was conducted using the random forest (RF) classifier to generate LULC maps with five classes (bareland, agricultural land, forest, built-up, and shrubs and grasses), followed by an analysis to identify LULC change trends. The results showed an overall increase in agricultural land 168.51 km² (587.55%), bareland 7.70 km² (121.45%), and built-up areas 0.55 km² (134.15%), while forest and shrubs and grasses areas declined by 97.67 km² (− 72.59%) and 79.09 km² (− 43.49%), respectively. A social survey assessment revealed residents perceived environmental (deforestation, biodiversity loss, land degradation, water, air, soil pollution), social (occupational hazards, land use conflicts, negative effects on livelihoods and culture, discrimination, child labor, community displacement), and economic (improved housing, infrastructural development, job creation, economy boost, improved access to services) impacts resulting from mining activities. Our findings underscore the importance of balancing the economic benefits of gold mining with the imperative to protect the environment and support sustainable livelihoods in the mining regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13921-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spread of antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment from faecal pollution: a scoping review of a multifaceted issue","authors":"Calum Cheung,&nbsp;Patrick J. Naughton,&nbsp;James S. G. Dooley,&nbsp;Nicolae Corcionivoschi,&nbsp;Cathy Brooks","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13860-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13860-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern accelerated by the misuse and mismanagement of antibiotics in clinical and veterinary settings, leading to longer treatment times, increased costs and greater mortality rates. The environment can play a major role as a source and disseminator of AMR, with faecal pollution, from both anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic sources making a significant contribution. The review aimed to identify how faecal pollution contributes to AMR in surface water, focusing on current methods of source tracking faecal pollution. The databases used were Medline Ovid® and Scopus. From the search, 744 papers from January 2020 to November 2023 were identified, and after the screening, 33 papers were selected that reported on AMR, aquatic environments and faecal pollution and were published in English. The studies were from six different continents, most were from Europe and Asia indicating faecal pollution is influenced by spatiotemporal differences such as population and sanitation infrastructure. Multiple different methodologies were used with a lack of standardised methods making comparability challenging. All studies identified AMR strains of faecal indicator bacteria showing resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics, particularly beta-lactams and tetracyclines. Few studies investigated mobile gene elements with class 1 integrons being the most frequently studied. Wastewater treatment plants were significant contributors, releasing large amounts of AMR bacteria into the environment. Environmental factors such as seasonal differences, temperature, rainfall and UV exposure, along with local antibiotic usage influenced the local resistome. Animals, both wild and domestic, introduced antimicrobial resistance genes and potential pathogens into the aquatic environment. Overall, faecal pollution is a complicated issue with multiple factors contributing to and facilitating the spread of AMR. Standardisation of methods and surveillance, robust wastewater management and further research into AMR dissemination are needed to address the human health, animal health and environmental concerns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13860-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative approach for monitoring the toxicity of effluents, surface water, and soil in the Cerrado biome","authors":"Igor Romeiro dos Santos,&nbsp;Marcelino Benvindo de Souza,&nbsp;Daniela Pereira da Silva Alves,&nbsp;Danielle Gonçalves Teixeira dos Santos,&nbsp;Isabela Náthaly Machado da Silva,&nbsp;Amanda Silva Fernandes,&nbsp;Carlos Filipe Camilo-Cotrim,&nbsp;Luciane Madureira de Almeida,&nbsp;Lee Chen-Chen,&nbsp;Manuel Eduardo Ferreira,&nbsp;Samantha Salomão Caramori,&nbsp;Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13928-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13928-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monitoring the quality of water resources is essential to determine environmental impacts and seek sustainable management solutions. In this work, we demonstrated the toxicity of effluents and surface water of an important river in Central Brazil, the Meia Ponte River, using not just physicochemical parameters but also ecotoxicological bioindicators, such as <i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i>, <i>Allium cepa</i>, <i>Lactuca sativa</i>, and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>. To complement this data, we analyzed soil toxicity and quality along the river bank using <i>A. fischeri</i> and microbial enzymes. The data was associated with the land use pattern to discuss the environmental impacts caused by the land use and cover in the Cerrado biome. Although most physicochemical parameters were within the values allowed by Brazilian legislation, the <i>A. fischeri</i> bioluminescence inhibition assay indicated sample toxicity mainly in the non-treated effluent and near the river mouth (both water and soil samples). The germination indexes for <i>L. sativa</i> and <i>A. cepa</i> were reduced in most samples. Mutagenicity was observed in a surface water sample of one collection point during the dry season. The current data suggest the toxic potential of the surface water and soil along the Meia Ponte River and the non-treated effluent. The effluent treatment decreased the toxic potential of the samples but did not always eliminate the toxicity. The toxicity of the Meia Ponte River was most observed in urban and agricultural areas. Finally, our work demonstrated the need to monitor the environmental health of the Meia Ponte River basin, also used for public water supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of organic pollutants and pollution sources in sequentially collected rainwater samples in Isparta Province","authors":"Serpil Kilic,&nbsp;Murat Kilic","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13872-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13872-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rainwater can accumulate organic airborne pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) due to atmospheric factors. There is an increasing interest in evaluating the temporal and spatial role of concentration changes of these pollutants and examining transport-based pollutants. This is of great importance especially for elements exposed to rapid environmental changes such as air and water. These residues can become a source of pollutants for virgin areas, surface waters, and soils through atmospheric deposition. Therefore, the determination of these compounds in rainwater samples can provide valuable information for the preliminary assessment of air quality in urban areas. In Isparta province of Türkiye, consecutive rainwater samples were collected and the concentrations of 50 OCPs and 16 PAHs were determined. Fluid management system-turbo trace parallel‒solid phase extraction (FMS‒TTP‒SPE) system, which is considered an environmentally friendly system by minimizing the use of solvents in sample preparation, was used. Back-orbit measurements (HYSPLIT) were used to investigate the atmospheric transport effect. In general, the quality of rainwater obtained from precipitation was determined to be good. The lowest concentration detected for benzo[k]fluoranthene was 0.99 µg L⁻¹, while the highest concentration for phenanthrene was 213 µg L⁻¹. In addition, 15 OCPs were detected, and the highest concentration was found in the pesticide chlordecone. These findings indicate that the detection of PAHs and OCPs in urban rainwater samples taken from a city with relatively good air quality may indicate significant atmospheric deposition of these pollutants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of human response to river bank erosion through demographic changes—a study on the Malda district, West Bengal","authors":"Nilanjana Biswas,&nbsp;Sayani Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13881-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13881-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work is focused on the nature of bankline shifting of the Ganga River only along its left bank in Malda and corresponding responses of the inhabitants. The study attempts to analyse the channel-shifting dynamism during the last 43 years (1980–2022) where the Digital Shore Line Analysis System (DSAS) model was used to compute the rate. Considering the selected villages, the net erosion was found most intense between 1980 and 1990, while after 2000 overall magnitude of deposition outpaced overall magnitude of deposition and foci of erosion also shifted southward. The temporal changes in selected demographic variables were computed on a multi-temporal basis in correspondence to time span selected for measuring bank erosion dynamics. The demographic variables were made to run through multiple correspondence analysis and partial least-square regression to test the response pattern with bank erosion and dominant variables that responded mostly to bank erosion intensity respectively. The generated findings were verified through focus-group survey (<i>N</i> = 131) and to judge whether the changes are persistent or not. With intense erosion, the villages had experienced a decrease in population density, cultivating population and agricultural labours. While with intensification of erosion, the villages had experienced net increase in marginal labour stock with a higher literacy rate in later period (2001–2011). Between 1991 and 2001, the changes in marginal labour stock due to erosion were the most dominant among all to respond, but its strength decreased in 2001–2011 due to out-migration of labours. The uncertainty of livelihood options from cultivation compels cultivators and agricultural labours to change occupation which affects the land bound emotions of the inhabitants. These certain changes have a wide impact on the association of village settlement pattern and urges for prompt government actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of prokaryotes in the Eastern Arabian sea","authors":"Shyla Hafza,&nbsp;Ammini Parvathi,&nbsp;P. M. Muhammed Iqbal,&nbsp;Valliyodan Sudheesh,&nbsp;C. K. Sherin,&nbsp;N. V. Harikrishnachari","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13849-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13849-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study resolves the spatial and seasonal variations in prokaryotic abundance (PA) and biomass concerning physicochemical parameters during Spring Inter-Monsoon (April–May), Summer Monsoon (June–September), and Winter Monsoon (November–February) in the Eastern Arabian Sea. PA and biomass distribution estimated using microscopic techniques revealed their peak abundance during Spring Inter-Monsoon, ranging from 2.29–4.41 × 10⁶ Cells mL⁻¹ to 8.39–21.82 μgL⁻¹, respectively. Similarly, high PA and biomass were observed in late Summer Monsoon (September), ranging from 2.01–3.96 × 10⁶ Cells mL⁻¹ to 8.74–16.70 μgL^–1, respectively, which was preceded by a higher phytoplankton abundance (chlorophyll <i>a</i>- 14.57 mgm⁻³) during the peak Summer Monsoon (August). The Winter Monsoon, started with a low PA and phytoplankton abundance. As Winter Monsoon progressed, convective mixing promoted phytoplankton growth in the latter half until March. The decay released dissolved organic carbon (DOC), leading to a rise in PA from January to February, peaking during Spring Inter-Monsoon (first peak). With the advent of Summer Monsoon, upwelling enriched surface layers with nutrients to promote phytoplankton growth in August. The subsequent decaying phase generated higher DOC which enhanced PA by the end of Summer Monsoon (second peak). However, PA declined to its lowest levels by November. Distance-based linear model analysis indicated that temperature and chlorophyll <i>a</i> were the most influential factors affecting PA in the upper photic-zone, while ammonia, dissolved oxygen, and DOC were associated factors. In contrast, nutrients were the major determining factors in disphotic waters (200–2000 m). This study highlights the intricate interplay between physicochemical and biological variables in shaping prokaryotic populations during various physical forcings through intense sampling efforts in the Arabian Sea.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}