Environmental Monitoring and Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing plant species selection for alleviating air pollution: Modified Anticipated Performance Index–based evaluation in Delhi, India","authors":"Manjul Panwar,&nbsp;Kakul Smiti,&nbsp;Riddhi Khatri,&nbsp;Freeda Lalmuanpuii Sailo,&nbsp;Ashutosh Tripathi,&nbsp;Usha Mina","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13947-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13947-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban green spaces are crucial in mitigating air pollution and enhancing environmental quality. The Anticipated Performance Index (API) screens plant species based on ecological, economic, and biochemical/Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) parameters. However, it assigns equal weight to all components and excludes key biophysical traits affecting plant stress and pollution tolerance. This study evaluated 25 plant species (20 trees, 4 shrubs/small trees, and 1 herb) across eight urban parks and four vertical gardens in Delhi using weighted API and Modified Anticipated Performance Index (M-API). M-API was formulated by integrating five key biophysical traits—leaf weight, leaf area, specific leaf area, width/length ratio, and vein density. Results showed higher weighted API and M-API scores than the conventional API scores reported in literature. M-API scores classified none of the species as ‘Poor’ or ‘Very Poor’, with three shifting to ‘Moderate,’ one shifting from ‘Best’ to ‘Excellent,’ six from ‘Very Good’ to ‘Excellent,’ and five from ‘Moderate’ to ‘Good’. Pearson correlation analysis showed a stronger correlation between dust load and M-API (0.31) than with API (0.21) or APTI (0.09), demonstrating M-API’s effectiveness in capturing relevant plant traits. Among park species, <i>Ficus benghalensis</i> had the highest M-API score (7), whereas <i>Syngonium podophyllum</i> and <i>Ficus benjamina</i> scored highest (4) in vertical gardens. The study demonstrates M-API’s better applicability in assessing plant potential under air pollution stress. By resolving API’s limitations, M-API can help stakeholders choose optimal plant species for urban greening initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil nutrients, carbon and nitrogen stocks dynamics following exclosure in the North-eastern highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Meseret Muche,&nbsp;Getahun Yemata,&nbsp;Eyayu Molla,&nbsp;Wubetie Adnew,&nbsp;A. Muthama Muasya","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14025-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14025-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Restoration through exclosure is an effective approach in the rehabilitation of degraded land and improves the resilience of ecosystems. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the effects of ages of exclosure on soil properties, evaluate associations between soil variables, and estimate the soil carbon and nitrogen storages in the North-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from four forest exclosure ages, viz., exclosure for 30 years (EX30), 20 years (EX20), and 10 years (EX10), and open woodland (OWL) as a control group across three slope positions (3–8%, 10–15%, and 15–30%). Seventy-two disturbed composite and undisturbed core soil samples were collected from two soil depths (0–25 cm and 20–50 cm) from all ages of exclosure. The variation and relationship in soil properties between ages of exclosure within slope positions and soil depths were analyzed using a General Linear Model (GLM) of multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation. We found significant (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.001) differences in clay fraction and moisture content (MC %) among exclosures, slope positions, and soil depths, while silt content varied only by exclosure ages. However, sand content and bulk density (BD) decreased significantly with exclosure ages and slope position, while soil depth affected sand content. The study found significant (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.001) differences in soil pH, organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorous (Av. P), exchangeable bases (Ex. Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) across exclosure ages, slope positions, and soil depths, but no effect of soil depth on pH and Av. P. The correlation and principal component analyses revealed a strong and significant relationship between the increasing exclosure ages and critical soil parameters. Positive loadings were found for moisture content, soil organic carbon, available phosphorous, pH, total nitrogen, and basic cations, particularly over twenty years of exclosure. The present study revealed significant differences (<i>p ≤ </i>0.001) in soil organic carbon (SOCs) and total nitrogen (TNs) content between exclosures, slope positions, and soil depths, with exclosure over 20 years had increased soil organic carbon stocks by over 30% and nitrogen stocks by 65% compared to open woodland. In general, it can be concluded that area exclosure results in better soil quality and carbon and nitrogen stocks than open woodland. Therefore, this assessment can provide essential insights into the effectiveness of conservation efforts and land management strategies in mitigating deforestation and land degradation, and serve as a benchmark for assessing progress towards national forest restoration targets by 2030.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus mining and bioavailability for plant acquisition: environmental sustainability perspectives","authors":"Matthew Chidozie Ogwu,&nbsp;Micaela Elizabeth Patterson,&nbsp;Pia Angelina Senchak","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14012-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14012-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review aims to examine microbial mechanisms for phosphorus (P) solubilization, assess the impacts of P mining and scarcity, and advocate for sustainable recycling strategies to enhance agricultural and environmental resilience. Phosphorus is an indispensable macronutrient for plant growth and agricultural productivity, yet its bioavailability in cultivation systems is often constrained. This scarcity has led to a heavy reliance on fertilizers derived from mined phosphate rock (PR), which is a finite resource usually contaminated with hazardous elements such as uranium, radium, and thorium. Plants absorb only about 10–20% of P from applied fertilizers, leading to significant inefficiencies and negative environmental consequences. Additionally, the uneven geographic distribution of PR reserves exacerbates global socioeconomic and geopolitical vulnerabilities. Healthy soils enriched with diverse microbial communities provide a sustainable avenue to address these growing challenges. Rhizospheric organisms, including phosphorus-solubilizing and phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are capable and pivotal in the sustainable conversion of inorganic and organic P into bioavailable forms, reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. The mechanisms used by these microbes often include releasing organic acids to lower soil pH and solubilize insoluble inorganic phosphorus compounds and the production of enzymes, such as phosphatases and phytases, to break down organic phosphorus compounds, including phytates, into bioavailable inorganic phosphate. Some microbes secrete chelating agents, such as siderophores, to bind metal ions and free phosphorus from insoluble complexes and use biofilms for P exchange. This review also advocates for the recycling second-generation P from organic waste as a sustainable and socially equitable alternative to conventional phosphate mining.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-14012-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the natural water vulnerability of watersheds through the integration of GIS and Fuzzy AHP","authors":"Renan Rodrigues Campos da Silva,&nbsp;Jussara Ferreira-Santos,&nbsp;Celso Bandeira de Melo Ribeiro","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14021-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14021-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Key factors, such as climate change and changes in land use and cover, amplify stress on water resources, making them vulnerable. The need to ensure these resources in sufficient quantity and quality to sustain their multiple uses highlights the relevance of determining their natural vulnerability to reverse extreme scenarios. Within the boundaries of a watershed, its assessment can contribute to addressing the challenges of the region’s water security. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the natural water vulnerability in three major watersheds in Brazil, which are essential for supplying water for human consumption and industrial activities: the Doce, Paraíba do Sul, and Tietê river basins. The methodology employed involved the development of a Natural Water Vulnerability Index (NWVI), conceived from a multicriteria decision analysis approach using the Fuzzy AHP method. This index was integrated into Geographic Information Systems (GIS), allowing spatial analysis through five critical environmental factors: precipitation, land use and cover, elevation, slope, and soil texture. The results showed that precipitation is the most relevant factor, followed by land use and cover. The analysis revealed an increase in vulnerability in areas near the outlets of the basins. The Tietê river basin proved to be the most vulnerable, while the Doce river presented many areas with very high levels of vulnerability. This information indicates the need for intensive management strategies in the most vulnerable areas and the importance of continuously monitoring the less vulnerable areas to prevent future increases in vulnerability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of copper toxicity on soil ecosystems and barley growth: identification of robust indicators","authors":"Waseem Hassan,&nbsp;Quratul Ain Zahra,&nbsp;Kotb A. Attia,&nbsp;Safdar Bashir,&nbsp;Sajid Fiaz,&nbsp;Arif Ahmed Mohammed,&nbsp;Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din,&nbsp;Zubair Aslam,&nbsp;Yaser M. Hafez,&nbsp;Zhongbing Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13974-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13974-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, the escalating prevalence of copper (Cu) pollution in soil has raised significant concerns due to its potential detrimental impacts on soil quality, microbial communities, plant health, food security, and land degradation. Despite extensive research, the response mechanisms, threshold levels, and reliable indicators of Cu pollution remain debated. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to gain a better understanding of these dynamics. This study address these gaps by: (1) evaluating Cu toxicity effects on soil biological, biochemical, barley germination, growth, biomass, and physiological parameters, and (2) identifying robust indicators for early assessment of Cu-associated risks. Soil was amended with CuSO₄ at concentrations ranging from 0 to 210 mg kg⁻¹. Factors exacerbating Cu toxicity included Cu concentration, pH levels, and the duration of Cu accumulation within the soil ecosystem. Consequently, at the highest Cu concentration a significant reduction in soil biological, biochemical, barley germination, growth, biomass, and physiological parameters was observed towards the end of the experiment. Simultaneously, there was a substantial increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and electrolyte leakage (EL) triggered by Cu presence. Correlation analyses highlighted bacterial populations, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity, respiration rates, pH levels, seedling fresh biomass and height, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ROS levels, and MDA as sensitive indicators of Cu stress. As a result, these parameters are proposed as reliable indicators for predicting Cu toxicity thresholds, excessive accumulation, and associated risks within soil ecosystems. These indicators have implications not only for land degradation but also for food security considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban lakes as significant sources of greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions: insights from field measurements and statistical analyses","authors":"Jie Yin,&nbsp;Xiaobing Chen,&nbsp;Wenting Xie,&nbsp;Lizhen Wen","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14019-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14019-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban lakes contribute to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions driven by both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we conducted seasonal sampling and analysis of GHG concentrations and water chemistries in Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing, China. Concurrently, we observed pore water chemistry within the lake bottom sediments. Radon isotope activity in lake water was also measured. Then, this study expanded to a broad understanding of urban lake GHG emissions by conducting a meta-analysis of over 100 lakes of similar size but various types (urban vs. non-urban). Xuanwu Lake is a net source of GHG, with mean annual diffusive fluxes of 10.2 ± 9.3 mmol∙m⁻²∙d⁻¹ for CO₂, 3.1 ± 0.3 mmol∙m⁻²∙d⁻¹ for CH₄, and 12.4 ± 1.0 μmol∙m⁻²∙d⁻¹ for N₂O. The lake emitted 614.9 tons of CO₂, 68.6 tons of CH₄, and 0.84 tons of N₂O throughout the year. CO₂ levels were positively correlated with dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, while CH₄ peaked in winter due to increased anaerobic decomposition. N₂O concentrations were strongly linked to nutrient levels. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that urban lakes demonstrated significantly greater CH₄ and N₂O emissions compared to non-urban lakes. These findings emphasize the need for further research and targeted mitigation strategies to address GHG emissions from urban lakes, especially in the context of increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of genotoxicity and physicochemical variations of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms exposed to paper-mill-contaminated wastewater","authors":"Harma Shah,&nbsp;Muhammad U. F. Awan,&nbsp;Zahid Mehmood,&nbsp;Noor Sana,&nbsp;Wasim Abbas,&nbsp;Adeel Ahmad,&nbsp;Abdullah Qasim,&nbsp;Annum Gul,&nbsp;Ali Hasnain,&nbsp;Hsi-Hsien Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14015-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14015-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pulp and paper industry is a major global concern, as it consumes vast amounts of water during various stages of paper production and may discharge toxic effluents into the environment. This study aimed to determine the impact of pulp and paper mill effluents on <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> (Mart.) Solms—a free-floating, invasive hydrophyte famous for its phytoremediation potential and grows extensively in wastewater—by assessing its morphological, physicochemical, and genomic deterioration. Wastewater analysis showed higher values of electrical conductivity (EC) (1.8 ± 0.69 S m⁻¹), turbidity (332.9 ± 45.18 NTU), salinity (0.85 ± 0.39 ppt), and total dissolved solids (TDS) (1.14 ± 0.39 g L⁻¹) as compared to the control sample. Morphological characters such as root length (7.19 ± 1.19 cm), leaves per plant (6.60 ± 1.53), and leaf area (627.75 ± 28.03 mm²) were reduced as compared to the control sample. Biochemical parameters like relative water content (RWC) (50%), total chlorophyll content (TCH) (0.41 mg g⁻¹), and pH (6.12) were reduced and increased the ascorbic acid content (AA) (26.08 mg g⁻¹) compared to control. The modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract genomic DNA, and DNA damage was detected by comet assay. Genomic analysis revealed that wastewater caused significant DNA damage, as evidenced by increased comet tail intensity. The highest breaking frequency was observed in tail percentage DNA and tail moment, reaching 48.2% and 17.35 µm, respectively. These results indicate that pulp and paper mill effluents impact the morphological traits and biochemical processes of <i>E. crassipes</i> and cause genotoxicity, highlighting the urgent need to develop effective wastewater remediation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, distribution, and levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB), Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p–Dioxins (PCDD), and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in fish from the Antioquia Region, Colombia","authors":"Boris Santiago Avila,&nbsp;Diana Pemberthy-Mendoza,&nbsp;Henry Zúñiga-Benítez,&nbsp;Gustavo A. Peñuela","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13956-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13956-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), are a class of chemical compounds with high persistence that can accumulate in living organisms, mainly in fatty tissues. In addition, exposure to them can cause a wide variety of health problems and adverse effects on humans and wildlife. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the occurrence, distribution, and levels of PCB, PCDD and PCDF in fish samples from the Antioquia region, Colombia. In total, 90 samples of different fish species were evaluated. The levels of the six indicator PCBs were in a range between 26.6 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (1.33 ng<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ fat) and 4550 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (236.0 ng⋅g⁻¹ fat), the mean value was 395 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (16.7 ng⋅g⁻¹ fat) and the median was 186 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (8.24 ng⋅g⁻¹ fat). The levels of dioxin-like PCBs were between 3.09 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (0.135 ng⋅g⁻¹ fat) and 567 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (33.9 ng⋅g⁻¹ fat), the mean value was 47.2 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (2.30 ng⋅g⁻¹ fat) and the median was 15.5 pg<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w (0.811 ng⋅g⁻¹ fat). The mean and median of the PCB toxic equivalent values were 46.6 fg<span>(cdot)</span>TEQ<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w and 12.0 fg<span>(cdot)</span>TEQ<span>(cdot)</span>g⁻¹ w.w, respectively. In all cases, PCDD/PCDF were below the analytical method quantification limits. In summary, PCB and PCDD/PCDF levels in selected fish corresponded to background levels and no hot spots were observed. Finally, this study provided an overview of the current situation regarding the presence of these types of pollutants in the region, which could support future research.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13956-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine-disrupting pesticide exposure relevant to reproductive health: a case study from Costa Rica","authors":"Navilla Apú,&nbsp;François Rommes,&nbsp;Maricruz Alvarado-Arias,&nbsp;Michael Méndez-Rivera,&nbsp;Verónica Lizano-Fallas","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14011-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14011-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global pesticide use has increased significantly over the past decade, leading to greater exposure to contaminants and associated health risks. Endocrine-disrupting pesticides have gained attention due to their strong association with human reproductive impairments and rising global infertility rates. In Costa Rica, studies have reported reduced fertility among agricultural workers and a higher prevalence of male infertility in regions with intensive pesticide use. However, the prioritization of pesticides detected in human fluids, based on their potential impact on reproductive health, has not been conducted. Here, analyzing human biomonitoring studies in the country over the last 25 years, 13 pesticides were identified and prioritized. Mancozeb ranked highest (14.8%), followed by dieldrin (12.1%) and chlorothalonil (12.0%). Eight criteria were used for prioritization, with non-carcinogenic risk, reported reproductive effects, and endocrine disruptor classification as key factors. This comprehensive approach highlights how multiple criteria collectively inform pesticide prioritization in relation to reproductive health risks. The findings indicated that while Costa Rica is a regional leader in pesticide biomonitoring, significant gaps remain, including limited data on unstudied pesticides and general population exposures. Establishing robust biomonitoring programs and public health surveillance systems to generate updated data and support evidence-based prevention policies is recommended. Additionally, the results of this study provide a valuable framework for guiding future research on the potential effects of pesticide mixtures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-14011-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessible water quality monitoring through hybrid human–machine colorimetric methods","authors":"Dakota Aaron McCarty,&nbsp;Minji Alyssa Kim,&nbsp;Hyunwoo Jo,&nbsp;Eunchong Yim,&nbsp;Hayoung Yun,&nbsp;Samuel Sims,&nbsp;Minji Kim,&nbsp;Soyoung Kwon","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13983-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13983-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> Effective water quality monitoring is important for environmental protection and public health, yet conventional field and laboratory methods each present significant limitations. Field tools such as colorimetric test strips offer affordability and accessibility but are prone to subjective interpretation and environmental variability. In contrast, laboratory-based techniques provide high precision but are costly, resource-intensive, and less feasible in decentralized contexts. This study presents a hybrid human–machine methodology that improves the accuracy and reproducibility of colorimetric test strip analysis while maintaining field-level accessibility. A total of 34 water samples collected along a 7-km stretch of Seunggi Stream in Incheon, South Korea, were analyzed using a web-based platform that extracts RGB values from images of test strips and reference charts. To translate color into concentration, the system calculates Euclidean distances between test strip colors and known reference values, then applies inverse distance weighting (IDW) to interpolate continuous estimates from the closest matches. This approach overcomes the limitations of discrete reference charts, enabling more precise and reproducible readings without the need for complex machine learning models. Validation against standard laboratory methods revealed strong correlations (<i>r</i> &gt; 0.85 for pH, lead, and total hardness), supporting the reliability of the approach. Spatial trends in pollutants were successfully mapped, demonstrating the method’s utility for environmental monitoring. This cost-effective, scalable solution bridges the gap between subjective field testing and laboratory precision, offering a practical tool for resource-limited settings, citizen science, and preliminary assessments. Future research will refine analyte-specific accuracy and expand applicability to more diverse conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13983-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}