Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo最新文献

{"title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and aspergillosis: an invisible co-infection.","authors":"Adele Caterino-de-Araujo, Marcos Vinicius da Silva, Adriana Pardini Vicentini","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365004","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/de/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365004.PMC9870241.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10591900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of larval surface antigens from infective larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis for the serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.","authors":"Bruna Barroso Gomes, William Henry Roldan Gonzales, Dirce Mary Correa Meisel, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek, Fabiana Martins de Paula","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365001","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis is usually performed by ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies due to its high sensitivity and practicality, but its main limitation is a constant source of S. stercoralis antigens. The use of S. venezuelensis as a heterologous source of antigens has facilitated several published studies on the serodiagnosis and epidemiology of human strongyloidiasis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of surface cuticle antigens of infective larvae of S. venezuelensis extracted with CTAB detergent (L3-CTAB) in comparison with soluble somatic extracts (L3-SSE) using a panel of sera from immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, at three different cut-offs. ROC curve analysis showed that L3-CTAB had an AUC of 0.9926. At the first cut-off value (OD 450 nm = 0.214), sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 90.11%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.93. At a second cut-off value (OD 450 nm = 0.286), sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 100%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.91. However, at an alternative third cut-off value (OD 450 nm = 0.589), sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 97.8%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.97. Using L3-CTAB as an antigenic source, the seropositivity rate in immunocompromised patients was 28.13% (9/32) whereas a seropositivity rate of 34.38% (11/32) was found when L3-SSE was used in ELISA. Therefore, the L3-CTAB is simple and practical to obtain and was found to be highly sensitive and specific.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/81/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365001.PMC9870252.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10598432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil.","authors":"Rogério Soares Castro,&nbsp;Bárbara Silva Cordeiro,&nbsp;Marco Aurélio Ferreira Rolim,&nbsp;Alessandra Porto de Macedo Costa,&nbsp;Max Diego Cruz Santos,&nbsp;Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da Silva,&nbsp;Ingrid de Campos Albuquerque,&nbsp;Lena Maria Barros Fonseca,&nbsp;João Renato Rebello Pinho,&nbsp;Michelle Soares Gomes Gouvêa,&nbsp;Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva,&nbsp;Adalgisa de Souza Paiva Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson's regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/d0/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365033.PMC10124778.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9413745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal A90V mutation in the PreS1 gene of sub-genotype C2 hepatitis B virus is associated with intrauterine transmission.","authors":"Linzhu Yi,&nbsp;Jiaxin Wu,&nbsp;Zhiqing Yang,&nbsp;Yandi Li,&nbsp;Jia Lian,&nbsp;Tian Yao,&nbsp;Shuying Feng,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Yongliang Feng,&nbsp;Suping Wang","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PreS/S gene mutations could impact virus secretion, infection and immune evasion. However, the relationship between PreS/S mutations and intrauterine transmission has not yet been clarified. Thus, we aimed to explore the associations between PreS/S gene mutations of HBV isolated from mothers and intrauterine transmission. We analyzed the mutations of PreS/S regions of the HBV genome in mothers with HBV DNA levels ≥ 106 IU/mL whose neonates experienced HBV intrauterine transmission (transmission group, GT) and those whose neonates did not experience intrauterine transmission (control group, GC) analyzed using clone-based sequencing. In total, 206 sequences were successfully amplified, including 98 sequences (from 21 mothers) from GT and 108 sequences (from 20 mothers) from GC of genotype C for mutational analysis. Among the 1203 nucleotides of PreS/S regions, there were 219 (18.20%) base substitutions, of which 103 (47.03%) base mutations caused amino acid changes. F80S, A90V and I68T were mutation hotspots. Mothers in GT had a higher mutation rate of A90V in the PreS1 gene than mothers in GC. The A90V mutation increased the risk of HBV intrauterine transmission after adjusting the maternal age and the mode of delivery (OR = 6.23, 95% CI: 1.18-32.97). Moreover, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for intrauterine transmission due to A90V and a combination of A90V with the mode of delivery were 0.723 (95% CI: 0.575 to 0.891, P = 0.011) and 0.848 (95% CI: 0.723 to 0.972, P < 0.001), respectively. Mothers with the A90V mutation in the PreS1 gene may be a potential risk factor for HBV intrauterine transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10295564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical transmission of HIV to neonates in a reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2017.","authors":"Vaneça Santos Leal Figueredo,&nbsp;Denise Leite Maia Monteiro,&nbsp;Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista,&nbsp;Mônica Elinor Alves Gama,&nbsp;Aline Santos Furtado Campos,&nbsp;Adna Gesarone Carvalho Ferreira Pinto","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of Mother-to-child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV to neonates in a reference university hospital in Sao Luis city, the capital of Maranhao State (MA), evaluating MTCT-associated factors. A retrospective cohort study based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Data System (SINAN) was carried out and included all HIV-exposed neonates notified from 2013 to 2017 by the university hospital. The study population comprised 725 HIV-exposed neonates, of whom 672 neonates were exposed and uninfected, and 53 were exposed and infected. The estimated rate of MTCT in the period of 2013 to 2017 was 7.3%. Most pregnant women were ≥ 20 years old (86.9%), reported ≥ 8 years of schooling (53.2%), reported full-time or independent paid work (46.9%) and were residents in other cities of the state (61.7%). Regarding healthcare, 86.3% received prenatal care, 74.6% received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) as prophylaxis during pregnancy, 81.8% received ART prophylaxis during childbirth and 78.1% underwent cesarean section. Among the neonates, 92.8% received ART prophylaxis and 94.3% were not breastfed. Despite these variables, the 7.3% MTCT rate found in this study makes it clear that the interventions recommended by the Ministry of Health were not fully adopted.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/b3/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365034.PMC10243525.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9971117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxychloroquine for the management of chronic chikungunya arthritis.","authors":"Igor Albuquerque Nogueira,&nbsp;Rafael Alves Cordeiro,&nbsp;Guilherme Alves de Lima Henn,&nbsp;Jobson Lopes de Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/c0/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365026.PMC10115449.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9789080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-fast bacteria as causative agents of skin and soft tissue infections: case presentations and literature review.","authors":"Anastasia Spiliopoulou,&nbsp;Georgia Kyriakou,&nbsp;Sophia Georgiou,&nbsp;Alexandra Lekkou,&nbsp;Lydia Leonidou,&nbsp;Maria Militsopoulou,&nbsp;Eleni Papadogeorgaki,&nbsp;Myrto Christofidou,&nbsp;Fevronia Kolonitsiou,&nbsp;Fotini Paliogianni","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acid-fast bacteria can be implicated in skin and soft tissue infections. Diagnostic identification can be challenging or not feasible by routine laboratory techniques, especially if there is no access to the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology. Here, we present two cases of skin and soft tissue infections caused by two different acid-fast bacteria, Nocardia brasiliensis and Mycobacterium marinum. They both grew on Löwenstein-Jensen medium, Sabouraud agar medium and blood agar medium. Both bacteria appeared acid-fast by Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Gram-positive by Gram stain. The identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and gene analysis. N. brasiliensis and nontuberculous mycobacterium M. marinum represent rare pathogens that cause severe skin and soft tissue infections. Failure to identify the causative agent and subsequent inappropriate or inadequate treatment may lead to severe complications or even disseminated disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/25/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365029.PMC10115452.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9789082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of human infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.","authors":"Ersin Kuloglu,&nbsp;Kubilay Issever","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic bacterial infections worldwide. It is an infection that usually affects people with low socioeconomic status, with morbidity and mortality risk. The clinical course of the disease may range from mild, featuring nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms, to severe, resulting in death. The respective studies conducted in Turkey indicate that leptospirosis seropositivity in animals and humans is higher in coastal and rural areas. Turkey's Eastern Black Sea Region has a humid climate with heavy rainfalls and a large population of mice and other rodents. However, a Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava case is yet to be reported in this region. This article reports the case of a 38-year-old patient who presented fever and acute renal failure and was diagnosed with Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava after hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What else in times of COVID-19? The role of minimally invasive autopsy for the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory failure in a case of kala-azar.","authors":"João Carlos Geber Júnior,&nbsp;Renata Aparecida de Almeida Monteiro,&nbsp;João Wilson Pedro da Rocha,&nbsp;Edson Luiz Társia Duarte,&nbsp;Elizabete Nicodemo,&nbsp;Olavo Munhoz,&nbsp;Edison Ferreira de Paiva,&nbsp;Thais Mauad,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva,&nbsp;Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva,&nbsp;Marisa Dolhnikoff,&nbsp;Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by trypanosomatids, considered endemic in 98 countries, mainly associated with poverty. About 50,000-90,000 cases of VL occur annually worldwide, and Brazil has the second largest number of cases in the world. The clinical picture of VL is fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia, progressing to death in 90% of cases due to secondary infections and multi-organ failure, if left untreated. We describe the case of a 25-year-old female who lived in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, who had recently taken touristic trips to several rural areas in Southeastern Brazil and was diagnosed post-mortem. During the hospitalization in a hospital reference for the treatment of COVID-19, the patient developed acute respiratory failure, with chest radiographic changes, and died due to refractory shock. The ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy diagnosed VL (macrophages containing amastigote forms of Leishmania in the spleen, liver and bone marrow), as well as pneumonia and bloodstream infection by gram-negative bacilli.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/68/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365036.PMC10243522.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9652499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A story of a lone star tick: an imported case of Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus, 1758) infected with Rickettsia amblyommatis that parasitized a US traveler returning to Mexico.","authors":"Patricia Volkow,&nbsp;Estefania Grostieta,&nbsp;Beatriz Salceda-Sánchez,&nbsp;Herón Huerta-Jiménez,&nbsp;Virginia Alcántara-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Ingeborg Becker,&nbsp;Sokani Sánchez-Montes","doi":"10.1590/S1678-9946202365037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202365037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we report the presence of a female Amblyomma americanum tick attached to a former resident of the East Coast of the United States who moved to Mexico city. The amplification and sequencing of gene fragments of the 16S-rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 corroborated the identification of the species of the tick. Additionally, the presence of DNA of Rickettsia amblyommatis was confirmed. This work is the first report of an exotic tick of the genus Amblyomma in a traveler from the US to Mexico and represents the second record of an imported tick attached to humans in Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":54466,"journal":{"name":"Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo","volume":"65 ","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e7/47/1678-9946-rimtsp-65-S1678-9946202365037.PMC10243523.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9652507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}