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Genetics of human handedness: microtubules and beyond. 人类惯用手的遗传学：微管及其他。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.006
Sebastian Ocklenburg, Annakarina Mundorf, Jutta Peterburs, Silvia Paracchini
{"title":"Genetics of human handedness: microtubules and beyond.","authors":"Sebastian Ocklenburg, Annakarina Mundorf, Jutta Peterburs, Silvia Paracchini","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Handedness (i.e., the preference to use either the left or the right hand for fine motor tasks) is a widely investigated trait. Handedness heritability is consistently estimated to be 25%. After decades of research, recent large-scale genome-wide association and exome sequencing studies have identified multiple genes associated with handedness and highlighted tubulin genes. Tubulin genes play a role in several processes during brain development that may be relevant for handedness ontogenesis, including axon guidance, axon growth, and forming the inner structure of motile cilia. Moreover, tubulin genes are associated with several psychiatric disorders. This finding therefore may offer insights into biological pathways mediating the link between handedness, brain asymmetries, and psychiatric traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"497-505"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Genomic Code: the genome instantiates a generative model of the organism. 基因组密码：基因组实例化了生物体的生成模型。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.008
Kevin J Mitchell, Nick Cheney
{"title":"The Genomic Code: the genome instantiates a generative model of the organism.","authors":"Kevin J Mitchell, Nick Cheney","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does the genome encode the form of the organism? What is the nature of this genomic code? Inspired by recent work in machine learning and neuroscience, we propose that the genome encodes a generative model of the organism. In this scheme, by analogy with variational autoencoders (VAEs), the genome comprises a connectionist network, embodying a compressed space of 'latent variables', with weights that get encoded by the learning algorithm of evolution and decoded through the processes of development. The generative model analogy accounts for the complex, distributed genetic architecture of most traits and the emergent robustness and evolvability of developmental processes, while also offering a conception that lends itself to formalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"462-479"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unraveling the genetics of underwater caddisfly silk. 解开水下球蝇丝的基因。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.004
Samantha Standring, Jacqueline Heckenhauer, Russell J Stewart, Paul B Frandsen
{"title":"Unraveling the genetics of underwater caddisfly silk.","authors":"Samantha Standring, Jacqueline Heckenhauer, Russell J Stewart, Paul B Frandsen","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hundreds of thousands of arthropod species use silk to capture prey, build protective structures, or anchor eggs. While most silk-producers are terrestrial, caddisflies construct silken capture nets and portable cases in aquatic environments. Given the potential practical applications of this underwater bioadhesive, there is an emerging body of research focused on understanding the evolution of the genetic architecture of aquatic silk. This research has unveiled molecular adaptations specific to caddisfly silk, such as extensive phosphorylation of the primary silk protein and the existence of numerous unique accessory silk proteins. We discuss the molecular evolution of caddisfly silk genes, how they interact with the environment, and suggest future directions for caddisfly silk genetics research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"537-546"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DNA lesions piece together impossible trees. DNA损伤拼凑出不可能的树。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.03.002
Claudia Arnedo-Pac, Sarah J Aitken
{"title":"DNA lesions piece together impossible trees.","authors":"Claudia Arnedo-Pac, Sarah J Aitken","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA lesions can persist through multiple cell cycles, resulting in mutational strand asymmetry, multiallelic variation, and somatic mosaicism. But for how long do these lesions persist? Recent work from Spencer Chapman et al. shows that they can last for months to years, even arising from endogenous exposures in utero.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"456-458"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ABCs of the H2Bs: The histone H2B sequences, variants, and modifications. H2B的abc：组蛋白H2B序列、变异和修饰。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.003
Anna J Voss, Erica Korb
{"title":"The ABCs of the H2Bs: The histone H2B sequences, variants, and modifications.","authors":"Anna J Voss, Erica Korb","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histone proteins are the building blocks of chromatin, and function by wrapping DNA into complex structures that control gene expression. Histone proteins are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) and by histone variant exchange. In this review, we will provide an overview of one of these histones: H2B. We will first define the sequences of human and mouse H2B proteins and discuss potential designations for canonical H2B. We will also describe the differential functions of H2B variants compared with canonical H2B. Finally, we will summarize known H2B modifications and their functions in regulating transcription. Through review of H2B genes, proteins, variants, and modifications, we aim to highlight the importance of H2B for epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of the cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"506-521"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributions of epigenomic and epitranscriptomic methylation to animal colouration. 表观基因组和表转录组甲基化对动物着色的贡献。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.04.010
Nicholas Strowbridge, David R Vieites, Michael G Ritchie, Kathryn R Elmer
{"title":"Contributions of epigenomic and epitranscriptomic methylation to animal colouration.","authors":"Nicholas Strowbridge, David R Vieites, Michael G Ritchie, Kathryn R Elmer","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its high variation and its diversity of functional roles, animal colouration has long been a fascinating phenotype for geneticists. While the loci underpinning colour are relatively well known, there remain components of unexplained variation. The contribution of DNA and RNA methylation to these molecular mechanisms of colouration is only now being explored. Recent research has shown that DNA (m<sup>5</sup>C) methylation plays a role in plastic colouration change, the development of colour, and adult intra- and interindividual colouration differences. Studies on RNA (m<sup>6</sup>A) methylation are few but suggest that it also contributes to colour differences. Emerging advances in native DNA and RNA sequencing will allow a novel understanding of methylation contributions to colour evolution and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intragenomic mutational heterogeneity: structural and functional insights from gene evolution. 基因组内突变异质性：基因进化的结构和功能见解。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.03.007
Yuichiro Hara, Shigehiro Kuraku
{"title":"Intragenomic mutational heterogeneity: structural and functional insights from gene evolution.","authors":"Yuichiro Hara, Shigehiro Kuraku","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variation of mutation rates between species has been documented over decades, but the variation between different regions of a genome has been less often discussed. Recent studies using high-quality sequence data have revealed previously unknown levels of intragenomic heterogeneity of mutation rates and their association with other structural and functional features of DNA sequences. This article reviews accumulating evidence of this intragenomic heterogeneity and speculates its cause and influence on organismal phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging insights into the genetics and evolution of human same-sex sexual behavior. 对人类同性性行为的遗传和进化的新见解。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.005
Thomas Felesina, Brendan P Zietsch
{"title":"Emerging insights into the genetics and evolution of human same-sex sexual behavior.","authors":"Thomas Felesina, Brendan P Zietsch","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thanks to twin studies, it has been known for decades that human same-sex sexual behavior (SSB) has a substantial heritable component. However, only recently have large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) begun to illuminate the complex genetics involved. These studies have established that SSB is influenced by many common genetic variants, each with tiny but cumulative effects. The evolutionary explanation for the persistence of genetic variants associated with SSB, despite their apparent fitness costs, remains uncertain. In this review, we synthesize advances in understanding the genetic and evolutionary bases of SSB, while identifying the many areas in which we still have much to learn.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"402-411"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transcription and epigenetic factor dynamics in neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation. 神经元活动依赖基因调控中的转录和表观遗传因子动力学。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.008
Noriyuki Sugo, Yuri Atsumi, Nobuhiko Yamamoto
{"title":"Transcription and epigenetic factor dynamics in neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation.","authors":"Noriyuki Sugo, Yuri Atsumi, Nobuhiko Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal activity, including sensory-evoked and spontaneous firing, regulates the expression of a subset of genes known as activity-dependent genes. A key issue in this process is the activation and accumulation of transcription factors (TFs), which bind to cis-elements at specific enhancers and promoters, ultimately driving RNA synthesis through transcription machinery. Epigenetic factors such as histone modifiers also play a crucial role in facilitating the specific binding of TFs. Recent evidence from epigenome analyses and imaging studies have revealed intriguing mechanisms: the default chromatin structure at activity-dependent genes is formed independently of neuronal activity, while neuronal activity modulates spatiotemporal dynamics of TFs and their interactions with epigenetic factors (EFs). In this article we review new insights into activity-dependent gene regulation that affects brain development and plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"425-436"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chromatin-centric insights into DNA replication. 以染色质为中心的DNA复制研究。
IF 13.6 2区 生物学
Trends in Genetics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.003
Yang Liu, Zhengrong Zhangding, Xuhao Liu, Jiazhi Hu
{"title":"Chromatin-centric insights into DNA replication.","authors":"Yang Liu, Zhengrong Zhangding, Xuhao Liu, Jiazhi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA replication ensures the precise transmission of genetic information from parent to daughter cells. In eukaryotes, this process involves the replication of every base pair within a highly complex chromatin environment, encompassing multiple levels of chromatin structure and various chromatin metabolic processes. Recent evidence has demonstrated that DNA replication is strictly regulated in both temporal and spatial dimensions by factors such as 3D genome structure and transcription, which is crucial for maintaining genomic stability in each cell cycle. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms that govern eukaryotic DNA replication, emphasizing the roles of chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity within the mammalian chromatin landscape. These insights provide a foundation for future investigations in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":"41 5","pages":"412-424"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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