Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.008
Fatoumatta Darboe, Josephine F Reijneveld, David P Maison, Leonardo Martinez, Sara Suliman
{"title":"Unmasking the hidden impact of viruses on tuberculosis risk.","authors":"Fatoumatta Darboe, Josephine F Reijneveld, David P Maison, Leonardo Martinez, Sara Suliman","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality from an infectious disease. In this opinion article, we focus on accumulating scientific evidence indicating that viral infections may contribute to TB progression, possibly allowing novel preventive interventions. Viruses can remodel the mammalian immune system, potentially modulating the risk of reactivating latent microbes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Evidence is mixed regarding the impact of emergent viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 on the risk of TB. Therefore, we posit that important knowledge gaps include elucidating which viral families increase TB risk and whether these provide unique or shared immune mechanisms. We also propose potential future research to define the contribution of viruses to TB pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"649-661"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.007
Griffin I Kane, Meghan L Brassil, Miranda B Diaz-Infante, Prabhani U Atukorale
{"title":"Nanocarrier design for pathogen-inspired innate immune agonist delivery.","authors":"Griffin I Kane, Meghan L Brassil, Miranda B Diaz-Infante, Prabhani U Atukorale","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In complex diseases such as cancer, modulating cytokine signatures of disease using innate immune agonists holds therapeutic promise. Novel multi-agonist treatments offer tunable control of the immune system because they are uniquely pathogen inspired, eliciting robust antitumor responses by promoting synergistic cytokine responses. However, the chief strategic hurdle is ensuring multi-agonist delivery to the same target cells, highlighting the importance of using nanomaterial-based carriers. Here, we place nanocarriers in center stage and review the delivery hurdles related to the varying extra- and intracellular localizations of innate immune receptors. We discuss a range of nanomaterials used for multi-agonist delivery, highlighting their respective benefits and drawbacks. Our overarching stance is that rational nanocarrier design is crucial for developing pathogen-inspired multi-agonist immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"678-692"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.006
Qiaolin Wang, Yutong Wu, Qianjin Lu, Ming Zhao
{"title":"Contribution of gut-derived T cells to extraintestinal autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Qiaolin Wang, Yutong Wu, Qianjin Lu, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian intestine harbors abundant T cells with high motility, where these cells can affect both intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. Growing evidence shows that gut-derived T cells migrate to extraintestinal organs, contributing to the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, three key questions require further elucidation. First, how do intestinal T cells egress from the intestine? Second, how do gut-derived T cells enter organs outside the gut? Third, what is the pathogenicity of gut-derived T cells and their correlation with the gut microenvironment? In this Opinion, we propose answers to these questions. Understanding the migration and functional regulation of gut-derived T cells might inform precise targeting for achieving safe and effective approaches to treat certain extraintestinal autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"639-648"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.009
Yongbum Cho, Junsang Doh
{"title":"The extracellular matrix in solid tumor immunotherapy.","authors":"Yongbum Cho, Junsang Doh","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extracellular matrix (ECM) of solid tumors impacts the antitumor activities of CD8<sup>+</sup> T and natural killer (NK) cells in a variety of ways. Cell motility is restricted by the tumor ECM which creates physical barriers. The tumor ECM directly alter the phenotypes and functions of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and indirectly influences immunological synapse-mediated interactions between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells. Therefore, strategies to improve solid tumor immunotherapy should be established by considering complex ternary interactions between cytotoxic lymphocytes, cancer cells, and the tumor ECM. Novel bioengineering tools approximating key characteristics of the tumor ECM, such as in vitro reconstituted 3D ECMs and microfluidics are valuable from a fundamental study viewpoint and from a translational perspective, aiming to enable systematic screening approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"705-714"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.010
Manutea C Serrero, Søren R Paludan
{"title":"Restriction factors regulating human herpesvirus infections.","authors":"Manutea C Serrero, Søren R Paludan","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpesviruses are DNA viruses and the cause of diseases ranging from mild skin conditions to severe brain diseases. Mammalian antiviral host defense comprises an array of mechanisms, including restriction factors (RFs), which block specific steps in viral replication cycles. In recent years, knowledge of RFs that contribute to controlling herpesvirus infections has expanded significantly, along with a new understanding of viral evasion mechanisms and disease pathogenesis. By integrating findings from human genetics, murine models, and cellular studies, this review provides a current view of RF control of herpesvirus infections. We also explore the regulation of RF expression, discuss the roles of RFs in diseases, and point towards their growing potential as candidate therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"662-677"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.005
Takeshi Inoue, Yoshihiro Baba, Tomohiro Kurosaki
{"title":"BCR signaling in germinal center B cell selection.","authors":"Takeshi Inoue, Yoshihiro Baba, Tomohiro Kurosaki","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When mature B cells are activated by antigens, the selection of these activated B cells takes place particularly during T cell-dependent immune responses in which an improved antibody repertoire is generated through somatic hypermutation in germinal centers (GCs). In this process the importance of antigen presentation by GC B cells, and subsequent T follicular helper (Tfh) cell help in positive selection of GC B cells, has been well appreciated. By contrast, the role of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling per se remains unclear. Strong experimental support for the involvement of BCR signaling in GC B cell selection has now been provided. Interestingly, these studies suggest that several checkpoints operating through the BCR ensure affinity maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"693-704"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subscription and Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s1471-4906(24)00172-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4906(24)00172-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advisory Board and Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s1471-4906(24)00163-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4906(24)00163-7","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.06.003
Arman Izadi, Pontus Nordenfelt
{"title":"Protective non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies.","authors":"Arman Izadi, Pontus Nordenfelt","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies show an important role for non-neutralizing anti-spike antibodies, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), in robustly protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These mAbs use Fc-mediated functions such as complement activation, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity. There is an untapped potential for using non-neutralizing mAbs in durable antibody treatments; because of their available conserved epitopes, they may not be as sensitive to virus mutations as neutralizing mAbs. Here, we discuss evidence of non-neutralizing mAb-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We explore how non-neutralizing mAb Fc-mediated functions can be enhanced via novel antibody-engineering techniques. Important questions remain to be answered regarding the characteristics of protective non-neutralizing mAbs, including the models and assays used for study, the risks of ensuing detrimental inflammation, as well as the durability and mechanisms of protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"609-624"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.004
Tuany Eichwald, Sebastien Talbot
{"title":"Aching to defend: spleen innervation drives humoral immunity.","authors":"Tuany Eichwald, Sebastien Talbot","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune and sensory nervous systems communicate to maintain homeostasis. Wu et al. recently demonstrated that sensory neurons innervate the mouse spleen. These neurons promote calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-dependent responses in splenic B cell germinal centers (GCs) and antigen-specific antibody production. Dietary capsaicin activates these neurons to enhance humoral immunity against influenza virus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"574-576"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}