Neuroimage-Clinical最新文献

{"title":"Systematically altered connectome gradient in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: Potential effect on cognitive function","authors":"Jie Hu ,&nbsp;Guiqin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhen Zeng ,&nbsp;Haifeng Ran ,&nbsp;Ruoxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiane Yu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Xie ,&nbsp;Yulun He ,&nbsp;Fuqin Wang ,&nbsp;Xuhong Li ,&nbsp;Kexing Huang ,&nbsp;Heng Liu ,&nbsp;Tijiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) affects brain network hierarchy and cognitive function; however, it<!--> <!-->remains<!--> <!-->unclear<!--> <!-->how<!--> <!-->hierarchical change<!--> <!-->affects<!--> <!-->cognition in patients with BECTS. A major aim of this study was to examine changes in the macro-network function hierarchy in BECTS and its potential contribution to cognitive function.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Overall, the study included 50 children with BECTS and 69 healthy controls. Connectome gradient analysis was used to determine the brain network hierarchy of each group. By comparing gradient scores at each voxel level and network between groups, we assessed changes in whole-brain voxel-level and network hierarchy. Functional connectivity was used to detect the functional reorganization of epilepsy caused by these abnormal brain regions based on these aberrant gradients. Lastly, we explored the relationships between the change gradient and functional connectivity values and clinical variables and further predicted the cognitive function associated with BECTS gradient changes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In children with BECTS, the gradient was extended at different network and voxel levels. The gradient scores frontoparietal network was increased in the principal gradient of patients with BECTS. The left precentral gyrus (PCG) and right angular gyrus gradient scores were significantly increased in the principal gradient of children with BECTS. Moreover, in regions of the brain with abnormal principal gradients, functional connectivity was disrupted. The left PCG gradient score of children with BECTS was correlated with the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), and the disruption of functional connectivity in brain regions with abnormal principal gradients was closely related to cognitive function. VIQ was significantly predicted by the principal gradient map of patients.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The results indicate connectome gradient disruption in children with BECTS and its relationship to cognitive function, thereby increasing our understanding of the functional connectome hierarchy and providing potential biomarkers for cognitive function of children with BECTS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 103628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000676/pdfft?md5=9586f843991905e691d3ff366c8ee888&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000676-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased whole-brain functional heterogeneity in psychosis during rest and task","authors":"Brian P. Keane ,&nbsp;Yonatan T. Abrham ,&nbsp;Luke J. Hearne ,&nbsp;Howard Bi ,&nbsp;Boyang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Past work has shown that people with schizophrenia exhibit more cross-subject heterogeneity in their functional connectivity patterns. However, it remains unclear whether specific brain networks are implicated, whether common confounds could explain the results, or whether task activations might also be more heterogeneous. Unambiguously establishing the existence and extent of functional heterogeneity constitutes a first step toward understanding why it emerges and what it means clinically. Methods. We first leveraged data from the HCP Early Psychosis project. Functional connectivity (FC) was extracted from 718 parcels via principal components regression. Networks were defined via a brain network partition (<span>Ji et al., 2019</span>). We also examined an independent data set with controls, later-stage schizophrenia patients, and ADHD patients during rest and during a working memory task. We quantified heterogeneity by averaging the Pearson correlation distance of each subject’s FC or task activity pattern to that of every other subject of the same cohort. Results. Affective and non-affective early psychosis patients exhibited more cross-subject whole-brain heterogeneity than healthy controls (ps &lt; 0.001, Hedges’ g &gt; 0.74). Increased heterogeneity could be found in up to seven networks. In-scanner motion, medication, nicotine, and comorbidities could not explain the results. Later-stage schizophrenia patients exhibited heterogeneous connectivity patterns and task activations compared to ADHD and control subjects. Interestingly, individual connection weights, parcel-wise task activations, and network averages thereof were not more variable in patients, suggesting that heterogeneity becomes most obvious over large-scale patterns. Conclusion. Whole-brain cross-subject functional heterogeneity characterizes psychosis during rest and task. Developmental and pathophysiological consequences are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 103630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221315822400069X/pdfft?md5=00570ab0a646f81522276e39f3386c0a&pid=1-s2.0-S221315822400069X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial progression of microstructural cerebral degeneration in ALS: A multicentre longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study","authors":"Hans-Peter Müller ,&nbsp;Agessandro Abrahao ,&nbsp;Christian Beaulieu ,&nbsp;Michael Benatar ,&nbsp;Annie Dionne ,&nbsp;Angela Genge ,&nbsp;Richard Frayne ,&nbsp;Simon J. Graham ,&nbsp;Summer Gibson ,&nbsp;Lawrence Korngut ,&nbsp;Collin Luk ,&nbsp;Robert C. Welsh ,&nbsp;Lorne Zinman ,&nbsp;Jan Kassubek ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The corticospinal tract (CST) reveals progressive microstructural alterations in ALS measurable by DTI. The aim of this study was to evaluate fractional anisotropy (FA) along the CST as a longitudinal marker of disease progression in ALS.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study cohort consisted of 114 patients with ALS and 110 healthy controls from the second prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study of the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium (CALSNIC-2). DTI and clinical data from a harmonized protocol across 7 centres were collected. Thirty-nine ALS patients and 61 controls completed baseline and two follow-up visits and were included for longitudinal analyses. Whole brain-based spatial statistics and hypothesis-guided tract-of-interest analyses were performed for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>FA was reduced at baseline and longitudinally in the CST, mid-corpus callosum (CC), frontal lobe, and other ALS-related tracts, with alterations most evident in the CST and mid-CC. CST and pontine FA correlated with functional impairment (ALSFRS-R), upper motor neuron function, and clinical disease progression rate. Reduction in FA was largely located in the upper CST; however, the longitudinal decline was greatest in the lower CST. Effect sizes were dependent on region, resulting in study group sizes between 17 and 31 per group over a 9-month interval. Cross-sectional effect sizes were maximal in the upper CST; whereas, longitudinal effect sizes were maximal in mid-callosal tracts.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Progressive microstructural alterations in ALS are most prominent in the CST and CC. DTI can provide a biomarker of cerebral degeneration in ALS, with longitudinal changes in white matter demonstrable over a reasonable observation period, with a feasible number of participants, and within a multicentre framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 103633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221315822400072X/pdfft?md5=5fef73c3f46e2dde46f979f9533ebae9&pid=1-s2.0-S221315822400072X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural neuroimaging changes associated with subjective cognitive decline from a clinical sample","authors":"Mario Riverol ,&nbsp;Mirla M. Ríos-Rivera ,&nbsp;Laura Imaz-Aguayo ,&nbsp;Sergio M. Solis-Barquero ,&nbsp;Carlota Arrondo ,&nbsp;Genoveva Montoya-Murillo ,&nbsp;Rafael Villino-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Reyes García-Eulate ,&nbsp;Pablo Domínguez ,&nbsp;Maria A. Fernández-Seara","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Some individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are in the early phase of the disease and subsequently progress through the AD continuum. Although neuroimaging biomarkers could be used for the accurate and early diagnosis of preclinical AD, the findings in SCD samples have been heterogeneous. This study established the morphological differences in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings between individuals with SCD and those without cognitive impairment based on a clinical sample of patients defined according to SCD-Initiative recommendations. Moreover, we investigated baseline structural changes in the brains of participants who remained stable or progressed to mild cognitive impairment or dementia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study included 309 participants with SCD and 43 healthy controls (HCs) with high-quality brain MRI at baseline. Among the 99 subjects in the SCD group who were followed clinically, 32 progressed (SCDp) and 67 remained stable (SCDnp). A voxel-wise statistical comparison of gray and white matter (WM) volume was performed between the HC and SCD groups and between the HC, SCDp, and SCDnp groups. XTRACT ATLAS was used to define the anatomical location of WM tract damage. Region-of-interest (ROI) analyses were performed to determine brain volumetric differences. White matter lesion (WML) burden was established in each group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed that the SCD group exhibited gray matter atrophy in the middle frontal gyri, superior orbital gyri, superior frontal gyri, right rectal gyrus, whole occipital lobule, and both thalami and precunei. Meanwhile, ROI analysis revealed decreased volume in the left rectal gyrus, bilateral medial orbital gyri, middle frontal gyri, superior frontal gyri, calcarine fissure, and left thalamus. The SCDp group exhibited greater hippocampal atrophy (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) than the SCDnp and HC groups on ROI analyses. On VBM analysis, however, the SCDp group exhibited increased hippocampal atrophy only when compared to the SCDnp group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The SCD group demonstrated lower WM volume in the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and callosum forceps than the HC group. However, no significant differences in WML number (<em>p</em> = 0.345) or volume (<em>p</em> = 0.156) were observed between the SCD and HC groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The SCD group showed brain atrophy mainly in the frontal and occipital lobes. However, only the SCDp group demonstrated atrophy in the medial temporal lobe at baseline. Structural damage in the brain regions was anatomically connected, which may contribute to early memory decline.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 103615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000548/pdfft?md5=361b08689abba6d96d138ce45d3bc2da&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000548-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure and white matter microstructural changes across the first 6–7 years of life: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of a South African birth cohort","authors":"K.A. Donald ,&nbsp;C.J. Hendrikse ,&nbsp;A. Roos ,&nbsp;C.J. Wedderburn ,&nbsp;S. Subramoney ,&nbsp;J.E. Ringshaw ,&nbsp;L. Bradford ,&nbsp;N. Hoffman ,&nbsp;T. Burd ,&nbsp;K.L. Narr ,&nbsp;R.P. Woods ,&nbsp;H.J. Zar ,&nbsp;S.H. Joshi ,&nbsp;D.J. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can affect brain development in early life, but few studies have investigated the effects of PAE on <em>trajectories</em> of white matter tract maturation in young children. Here we used diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) repeated over three time points, to measure the effects of PAE on patterns of white matter microstructural development during the pre-school years. Participants were drawn from the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), an ongoing birth cohort study conducted in a peri-urban community in the Western Cape, South Africa. A total of 342 scans acquired from 237 children as neonates (N = 82 scans: 30 PAE; 52 controls) and at ages 2–3 (N = 121 scans: 27 PAE; 94 controls) and 6–7 years (N = 139 scans: 45 PAE; 94 controls) were included. Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and other antenatal covariates were collected from 28 to 32 weeks’ gestation. Linear mixed effects models with restricted maxium likelihood to accommodate missing data were implemented to investigate the effects of PAE on fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in specific white matter tracts over time, while adjusting for child sex and maternal education. We found significant PAE-by-time effects on trajectories of FA development in the left superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP-L: p = 0.001; survived FDR correction) and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-R: p = 0.046), suggesting altered white matter development among children with PAE. Compared with controls, children with PAE demonstrated a more rapid change in FA in these tracts from the neonatal period to 2–3 years of age, followed by a more tapered trajectory for the period from 2–3 to 6–7 years of age, with these trajectories differing from unexposed control children. Given their supporting roles in various aspects of neurocognitive functioning (i.e., motor regulation, learning, memory, language), altered patterns of maturation in the SCP and SLF may contribute to a spectrum of physical, social, emotional, and cognitive difficulties often experienced by children with PAE. This study highlights the value of repeated early imaging in longitudinal studies of PAE, and focus for early childhood as a critical window of potential susceptibility as well as an opportunity for early intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 103572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000111/pdfft?md5=da617d60a35415f08a97ed0ef727e46e&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000111-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139589701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a four-week oral Phe administration on neural activation and cerebral blood flow in adults with early-treated phenylketonuria","authors":"Stephanie Maissen-Abgottspon ,&nbsp;Leonie Steiner ,&nbsp;Raphaela Muri ,&nbsp;Dilmini Wijesinghe ,&nbsp;Kay Jann ,&nbsp;Yosuke Morishima ,&nbsp;Michel Hochuli ,&nbsp;Roland Kreis ,&nbsp;Roman Trepp ,&nbsp;Regula Everts","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by impaired catabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) into tyrosine. Cross-sectional studies suggest slight alterations in cognitive performance and neural activation in adults with early-treated PKU. The influence of high Phe levels on brain function in adulthood, however, remains insufficiently studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of a four-week period of oral Phe administration − simulating a controlled discontinuation of Phe restriction and raising Phe to an off-diet scenario − on working memory-related neural activation and cerebral blood flow (CBF).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, non-inferiority trial to assess the effect of a high Phe load on working memory-related neural activation and CBF in early-treated adults with classical PKU. Twenty-seven patients with early-treated classical PKU were included and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the working memory network and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI to assess CBF before and after a four-week intervention with Phe and placebo. At each of the four study visits, fMRI working memory task performance (reaction time and accuracy) and plasma Phe, tyrosine, and tryptophan levels were obtained. Additionally, cerebral Phe was determined by ¹H-MR spectroscopy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Plasma Phe and cerebral Phe were significantly increased after the Phe intervention. However, no significant effect of Phe compared to placebo was found on neural activation and CBF. Regarding fMRI task performance, a significant impact of the Phe intervention on 1-back reaction time was observed with slower reaction times following the Phe intervention, whereas 3-back reaction time and accuracy did not differ following the Phe intervention compared to the placebo intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Results from this present trial simulating a four-week discontinuation of the Phe-restricted diet showed that a high Phe load did not uniformly affect neural markers and cognition in a statistically significant manner. These results further contribute to the discussion on safe Phe levels during adulthood and suggest that a four-week discontinuation of Phe-restricted diet does not demonstrate significant changes in brain function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 103654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000937/pdfft?md5=ae6cacb154743ac59c5318b8158c31f4&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000937-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodesic shape regression based deep learning segmentation for assessing longitudinal hippocampal atrophy in dementia progression","authors":"Na Gao ,&nbsp;Hantao Chen ,&nbsp;Xutao Guo ,&nbsp;Xingyu Hao ,&nbsp;Ting Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Longitudinal hippocampal atrophy is commonly used as progressive marker assisting clinical diagnose of dementia. However, precise quantification of the atrophy is limited by longitudinal segmentation errors resulting from MRI artifacts across multiple independent scans. To accurately segment the hippocampal morphology from longitudinal 3T T1-weighted MR images, we propose a diffeomorphic geodesic guided deep learning method called the GeoLongSeg to mitigate the longitudinal variabilities that unrelated to diseases by enhancing intra-individual morphological consistency. Specifically, we integrate geodesic shape regression, an evolutional model that estimates smooth deformation process of anatomical shapes, into a two-stage segmentation network. We adopt a 3D U-Net in the first-stage network with an enhanced attention mechanism for independent segmentation. Then, a hippocampal shape evolutional trajectory is estimated by geodesic shape regression and fed into the second network to refine the independent segmentation. We verify that GeoLongSeg outperforms other four state-of-the-art segmentation pipelines in longitudinal morphological consistency evaluated by test–retest reliability, variance ratio and atrophy trajectories. When assessing hippocampal atrophy in longitudinal data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), results based on GeoLongSeg exhibit spatial and temporal local atrophy in bilateral hippocampi of dementia patients. These features derived from GeoLongSeg segmentation exhibit the greatest discriminatory capability compared to the outcomes of other methods in distinguishing between patients and normal controls. Overall, GeoLongSeg provides an accurate and efficient segmentation network for extracting hippocampal morphology from longitudinal MR images, which assist precise atrophy measurement of the hippocampus in early stage of dementia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 103623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000627/pdfft?md5=6100e9886602669d06ca1e2540750aed&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000627-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical thickness and grey-matter volume anomaly detection in individual MRI scans: Comparison of two methods","authors":"David Romascano ,&nbsp;Michael Rebsamen ,&nbsp;Piotr Radojewski ,&nbsp;Timo Blattner ,&nbsp;Richard McKinley ,&nbsp;Roland Wiest ,&nbsp;Christian Rummel","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past decades, morphometric analysis of brain MRI has contributed substantially to the understanding of healthy brain structure, development and aging as well as to improved characterisation of disease related pathologies. Certified commercial tools based on normative modeling of these metrics are meanwhile available for diagnostic purposes, but they are cost intensive and their clinical evaluation is still in its infancy. Here we have compared the performance of “ScanOMetrics”, an open-source research-level tool for detection of statistical anomalies in individual MRI scans, depending on whether it is operated on the output of FreeSurfer or of the deep learning based brain morphometry tool DL + DiReCT. When applied to the public OASIS3 dataset, containing patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy controls (HC), cortical thickness anomalies in patient scans were mainly detected in regions that are known as predilection areas of cortical atrophy in AD, regardless of the software used for extraction of the metrics. By contrast, anomaly detections in HCs were up to twenty-fold reduced and spatially unspecific using both DL + DiReCT and FreeSurfer. Progression of the atrophy pattern with clinical dementia rating (CDR) was clearly observable with both methods. DL + DiReCT provided results in less than 25 min, more than 15 times faster than FreeSurfer. This difference in computation time might be relevant when considering application of this or similar methodology as diagnostic decision support for neuroradiologists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 103624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000639/pdfft?md5=bbf1ef4b7b027cf3cde10aa48655cbe2&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000639-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal parasympathetic deficits in C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion carriers relate to smaller frontoinsula and thalamus volume and lower empathy","authors":"Ashlin R. K. Roy ,&nbsp;Fate Noohi ,&nbsp;Nathaniel A. Morris ,&nbsp;Peter Ljubenkov ,&nbsp;Hilary Heuer ,&nbsp;Jamie Fong ,&nbsp;Matthew Hall ,&nbsp;Argentina Lario Lago ,&nbsp;Katherine P. Rankin ,&nbsp;Bruce L. Miller ,&nbsp;Adam L. Boxer ,&nbsp;Howard J. Rosen ,&nbsp;William W. Seeley ,&nbsp;David C. Perry ,&nbsp;Jennifer S. Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Suzee E. Lee ,&nbsp;Virginia E. Sturm","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103649","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diminished basal parasympathetic nervous system activity is a feature of frontotemporal dementia that relates to left frontoinsula dysfunction and empathy impairment. Individuals with a pathogenic expansion of the hexanucleotide repeat in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (&lt;em&gt;C9orf72&lt;/em&gt;), the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, provide a unique opportunity to examine whether parasympathetic activity is disrupted in genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia and to investigate when parasympathetic deficits manifest in the pathophysiological cascade. We measured baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a parasympathetic measure of heart rate variability, over two minutes in a sample of 102 participants that included 19 asymptomatic expansion carriers (&lt;em&gt;C9&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; asymp), 14 expansion carriers with mild cognitive impairment (&lt;em&gt;C9&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; MCI), 16 symptomatic expansion carriers with frontotemporal dementia (&lt;em&gt;C9&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; FTD), and 53 expansion-negative healthy controls (&lt;em&gt;C9&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt; HC) who also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. In follow-up analyses, we compared baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia in the &lt;em&gt;C9&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; FTD group with an independent age-, sex-, and clinical severity-matched group of 26 people with sporadic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. The Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-modified Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes score was used to quantify behavioral symptom severity, and informant ratings on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index provided measures of participants’ current emotional (empathic concern) and cognitive (perspective-taking) empathy. Results indicated that the &lt;em&gt;C9&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; FTD group had lower baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia than the &lt;em&gt;C9&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; MCI, &lt;em&gt;C9&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; asymp, and &lt;em&gt;C9&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt; HC groups, a deficit that was comparable to that of sporadic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Linear regression analyses indicated that lower baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia was associated with worse behavioral symptom severity and lower empathic concern and perspective-taking across the &lt;em&gt;C9orf72&lt;/em&gt; expansion carrier clinical spectrum. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses in participants with &lt;em&gt;C9orf72&lt;/em&gt; pathogenic expansions found that lower baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia correlated with smaller gray matter volume in the left frontoinsula and bilateral thalamus, key structures that support parasympathetic function, and in the bilateral parietal lobes, occipital lobes, and cerebellum, regions that are also vulnerable in individuals with &lt;em&gt;C9orf72&lt;/em&gt; expansions. This study provides novel evidence that basal parasympathetic functioning is diminished in FTD due to &lt;em&gt;C9orf72&lt;/em&gt; expansions and suggests that baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia may be a potential non-invasive biomarker that is sensitive ","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 103649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000883/pdfft?md5=b01a758cd4635dc715fed1f5daffee95&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000883-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working memory related functional connectivity in adult ADHD and its amenability to training: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Tuija Tolonen ,&nbsp;Sami Leppämäki ,&nbsp;Timo Roine ,&nbsp;Kimmo Alho ,&nbsp;Pekka Tani ,&nbsp;Anniina Koski ,&nbsp;Matti Laine ,&nbsp;Juha Salmi","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Working memory (WM) deficits are among the most prominent cognitive impairments in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While functional connectivity is a prevailing approach in brain imaging of ADHD, alterations in WM-related functional brain networks and their malleability by cognitive training are not well known. We examined whole-brain functional connectivity differences between adults with and without ADHD during <em>n</em>-back WM tasks and rest at pretest, as well as the effects of WM training on functional and structural brain connectivity in the ADHD group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-two adults with ADHD and 36 neurotypical controls performed visuospatial and verbal <em>n</em>-back tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In addition, seven-minute resting state fMRI data and diffusion-weighted MR images were collected from all participants. The adults with ADHD continued into a 5-week randomized controlled WM training trial (experimental group training on a dual <em>n</em>-back task, <em>n</em> = 21; active control group training on Bejeweled II video game, <em>n</em> = 21), followed by a posttraining MRI. Brain connectivity was examined with Network-Based Statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the pretest, adults with ADHD had decreased functional connectivity compared with the neurotypical controls during both <em>n</em>-back tasks in networks encompassing fronto-parietal, temporal, occipital, cerebellar, and subcortical brain regions. Furthermore, WM-related connectivity in widespread networks was associated with performance accuracy in a continuous performance test. Regarding resting state connectivity, no group differences or associations with task performance were observed. WM training did not modulate functional or structural connectivity compared with the active controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results indicate large-scale abnormalities in functional brain networks underlying deficits in verbal and visuospatial WM commonly faced in ADHD. Training-induced plasticity in these networks may be limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}