Neuroimage-Clinical最新文献

{"title":"Blood-brain barrier permeability varies by brain region and APOE4 status and correlates with brain microstructure among high-AD risk groups","authors":"Seraphina K. Solders ,&nbsp;Qian Shen ,&nbsp;Emilie T. Reas","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although strong evidence exists for blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), substantial uncertainty remains regarding its role. We address gaps and inconsistencies in the literature by examining regional variation in BBB permeability among cognitively normal older adults enriched for AD risk, the influence of genetic risk and its interactions with amyloid-β and sex, and the relationships between BBB breakdown and brain microstructure. Additionally, we compare two methods of quantifying BBB permeability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and restriction spectrum imaging were performed on 48 cognitively normal older adults. We examined differences in whole-brain regional BBB permeability between <em>APOE4</em> carriers and non-carriers, as well as associations with brain microstructure. Analyses tested interactions of <em>APOE4</em> with sex and amyloid-β positivity, and were compared using continuous measurements of permeability (K_trans) and an abnormal leakage index (ALI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BBB permeability was variable, with highest values in cortical gray matter, including inferior frontal, temporal, and some sensory regions across the full sample. <em>APOE4</em> carriers had elevated permeability throughout superior occipital, parietal, and frontal cortical regions compared to non-carriers. Results were unchanged after controlling for amyloid-β positivity or when using ALI instead of K_trans. Higher permeability correlated with altered microstructural patterns, with the most robust relationships among <em>APOE4</em> carriers, amyloid-β positive individuals, and women.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Individuals at greater genetic risk for AD demonstrate elevated cortical BBB permeability associated with microstructural abnormalities. These relationships were seen in a widespread spatial pattern that is dissimilar from the stereotypical spread of AD neuropathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity profiles in remitted depression and their relation to ruminative thinking","authors":"Zhuo Fang ,&nbsp;Emma Lynn ,&nbsp;Verner J. Knott ,&nbsp;Natalia Jaworska","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The triple network model suggests that dysfunction in three major brain networks – the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN) – might contribute to cognitive impairments in various psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). While hyperconnectivity in the DMN, hypoconnectivity in the CEN, and abnormal SN connectivity have been observed in acutely depressed patients, evidence for network alterations during remission is limited. Further, there are few studies examining connectivity in people in remission from MDD (rMDD) during emotional processing tasks, including during affective cognition (i.e., tasks that encompass affective processing in the context of cognitive processes, such as inhibition).</div><div>To address these literature gaps, this study compared functional connectivity (FC) between resting and task conditions, specifically during the emotional Stroop (eStroop) task, as well as between rMDD and healthy volunteers (HVs), within and between nodes of the three networks. We also explored how FC relates to rumination in the rMDD group, given that rumination tends to persist in rMDD and involves affective and cognitive networks.</div><div>We unexpectedly found greater FC during the task vs. rest condition within the DMN, and decreased FC during the task vs. rest conditions within the CEN and SN across the groups. Greater FC during the task vs. rest condition between DMN and SN nodes, as well as between CEN and SN nodes were also observed. These effects were more pronounced in the rMDD group as per our exploratory analyses. Additionally, the rMDD vs. HV group showed higher FC between DMN-CEN nodes, regardless of condition. Higher hopeless rumination scores were associated with decreased resting FC within the DMN, while higher active problem-solving scores were associated with increased task FC within the DMN in the rMDD group.</div><div>These findings suggest that tasks engaging affective cognition processes influence FC within and among the three networks, with this effect more pronounced in the rMDD group. This might indicate potential protective and compensatory mechanisms in rMDD and expands our understanding of large-scale intrinsic network connectivity alterations during remission from depression. However, given the limited sample and the exploratory nature of some of our analyses, replication is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of parietal iTBS on resting-state effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network in patients with schizophrenia: An fMRI study","authors":"Li Li ,&nbsp;Lina Wang ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Bing Li ,&nbsp;Weigang Pan ,&nbsp;Wenqing Jin ,&nbsp;Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Yanping Ren ,&nbsp;Chaomeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has shown effectiveness in addressing working memory (WM) deficits in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), the current body of evidence is limited and the specific mechanisms involved remain unclear. Therefore, this pilot fMRI study aimed to examine the efficacy of parietal iTBS in ameliorating WM impairments and explore its influence on the resting-state effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network in patients with SZ.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 48 patients diagnosed with SZ were randomly assigned to an active or sham iTBS group and underwent 20 sessions of active or sham iTBS over 4 weeks. Subsequently, all patients underwent cognitive tests, clinical symptom assessments, and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans. The effective connectivity between the frontal and parietal brain regions during the rs-fMRI scans was analyzed using a spectral dynamic causal modeling approach. Additionally, this trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in November 2022 (registry number: ChiCTR2200057286).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>iTBS treatment improved the positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and WM deficits. Following the iTBS intervention, the active group demonstrated a significant increase in connectivity strengths from the right MFG to the right SPL (<em>p</em> = 0.031) and from the left SPL to the left MFG (<em>p</em> = 0.010) compared to the pre-treatment levels. Additionally, compared to the sham group, the active group displayed a significantly higher connectivity strength from the right MFG to the right SPL (<em>p</em> = 0.042) after iTBS treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>All these findings suggest that iTBS targeting the parietal region may influence the resting-state effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network, thereby offering promising therapeutic implications for alleviating the cognitive deficits in SZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The differential orbitofrontal activity and connectivity between atypical and typical major depressive disorder","authors":"Zhi-Peng Guo ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Li-Rong Tang ,&nbsp;Yue Gao ,&nbsp;Miao Qu ,&nbsp;Lihong Wang ,&nbsp;Chun-Hong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) is a distinct subtype of MDD, characterized by increased appetite and/or weight gain, excessive sleep, leaden paralysis, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity. Delineating different neural circuits associated with atypical and typical MDD would better inform clinical personalized interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using resting-state fMRI, we investigated the voxel-level regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) in 55 patients with atypical MDD, 51 patients with typical MDD, and 49 healthy controls (HCs). Support vector machine (SVM) approaches were applied to examine the validity of the findings in distinguishing the two types of MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to patients with typical MDD and HCs, patients with atypical MDD had increased ReHo values in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and enhanced FC between the right lateral OFC and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and between the right striatum and left OFC. The ReHo in the right lateral OFC and the significant FCs found were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) in all groups of participants with MDD. The connectivity of the right striatum and left OFC was positively correlated with the retardation scores in the atypical MDD group. Using the ReHo of the right lateral OFC as a feature, we achieved 76.42% accuracy to differentiate atypical MDD from typical MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings show that atypical MDD might be associated with altered OFC activity and connectivity. Furthermore, our findings highlight the key role of lateral OFC in atypical MDD, which may provide valuable information for future personalized interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-specific GluCEST alterations in insular subregions are associated with depression and plasma inflammatory biomarker levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Lixue Xu ,&nbsp;Jun Lu ,&nbsp;Minsi Zhou ,&nbsp;Haiyun Shi ,&nbsp;Jing Zheng ,&nbsp;Tianxin Cheng ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Dawei Yang ,&nbsp;Xingwang Yong ,&nbsp;Fang Xu ,&nbsp;Chenyue Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Dang ,&nbsp;Zhan Wang ,&nbsp;Siying Zhu ,&nbsp;Chunsaier Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Zhenchang Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenghan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression commonly co-occurs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Abnormal glutamate levels in the insula and altered plasma inflammatory biomarkers are observed in IBD and depression. However, the changes in glutamate concentrations in insular subregions in IBD and their relationship with depression and inflammatory markers remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate differences in glutamate concentrations in insular subregions between IBD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and their correlation with depression scores and inflammatory markers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-two IBD patients (19 active, IBD-A; 23 in remission, IBD-R) and 46 HCs underwent glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) magnetic resonance imaging. Blood samples from 37 IBD patients were collected for plasma inflammatory biomarker analysis. GluCEST indices in insular subregions were measured. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) was used to estimate depression symptoms. Whole-brain voxel-based analysis using one-way ANOVA explored between-group differences in GluCEST indices within the insula. FDR-corrected partial correlation analysis evaluated the relationships between GluCEST, depression symptoms, and inflammatory factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GluCEST indices decreased in IBD patients in the left dorsal dysgranular subregion of the insula (dId) (uncorrected <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, cluster-level FWE-corrected <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). GluCEST indices in the left dId showed a significant positive correlation with HADS-D in IBD-R (FDR corrected <em>q</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, GluCEST indices in the left dId were negatively correlated with CXCL9 (FDR corrected <em>q</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>State-specific GluCEST alterations in the left dId are a cerebral metabolic feature of IBD. These changes are associated with depression and inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that the brain-immune-gut axis might underlie depression in IBD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between white matter microstructural changes and aggressiveness. A case-control diffusion tensor imaging study","authors":"Stephanie Seidenbecher ,&nbsp;Jörn Kaufmann ,&nbsp;Maria Schöne ,&nbsp;Henrik Dobrowolny ,&nbsp;Kolja Schiltz ,&nbsp;Thomas Frodl ,&nbsp;Johann Steiner ,&nbsp;Bernhard Bogerts ,&nbsp;Thomas Nickl-Jockschat","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has focused on identifying neurobiological risk factors associated with aggressive behavior in order to improve prevention and treatment efforts. This study aimed to characterize microstructural differences in white matter (WM) integrity in individuals prone to aggression. We hypothesized that altered cerebral WM microstructure may underlie normal individual variability in aggression and tested this using a case-control design in healthy individuals. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to examine WM changes in martial artists (<em>n</em> = 29) and age-matched controls (<em>n</em> = 31). We performed tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to identify differences in axial diffusivity (AD), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) between the two groups at the whole-brain level. Martial artists were significantly more aggressive than controls, with increased MD in parietal and occipital areas and increased AD in widespread fiber tracts in the frontal, parietal and temporal areas. Positive associations between AD/MD and (physical) appetitive aggression were identified in several clusters, including the corpus callosum, the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the corona radiata. Our study found evidence for WM microstructural changes associated with aggressiveness in a community case-control sample. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts, taking into account the dimensional nature of aggressiveness, are needed to better understand the underlying neurobiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White matter integrity and cognitive performance in the subacute phase after ischemic stroke in young adults","authors":"Mijntje M.I. Schellekens ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Esther M. Boot ,&nbsp;Jamie I. Verhoeven ,&nbsp;Merel S. Ekker ,&nbsp;Frederick J.A. Meijer ,&nbsp;Roy P.C. Kessels ,&nbsp;Frank-Erik de Leeuw ,&nbsp;Anil M. Tuladhar","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Reduced white matter integrity outside the stroke lesion may be a potential contributor of post-stroke cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate how a stroke lesion affects the integrity of surrounding white matter, and whether the integrity of the non-lesioned part of white matter tracts is associated with cognitive performance after ischemic stroke in young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients from the ODYSSEY study, aged 18–49 years, with a first-ever ischemic stroke, underwent 3T MRI and cognitive assessment within six months after the index event. Using TractSeg and free water imaging, we analyzed free water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA_T), free water corrected mean diffusivity (MD_T), and free water (FW) of all white matter tracts outside the stroke lesion. We calculated FA_T and FW in the lesioned white matter tracts at 2 mm incremental distances from the lesion, extending up to 10 mm, represented as Z-scores using the diffusion measures of controls. We categorized patients as no/mild or major vascular cognitive disorder (VCD) and compared with a stroke-free control group (n = 23). Group differences in diffusion measures were examined. We investigated associations between FA_T, FW and cognitive performance across seven domains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 66 patients (median age 40.3 years (IQR 31.3–46.2); 54.5 % women), 22 had major VCD. In the different lesion expansions, we found differences in FA_T (p = 0.009) and FW (p = 0.049). Patients with major VCD had lower FA_T [range of Cohen’s d (0.65; 1.65)] and higher FW [Cohen’s d (−1.40; −0.64)] values compared to controls, both in the hemisphere affected by the lesion and the unaffected hemisphere. Performance in processing speed correlated with FA_T across eight tracts in the affected hemisphere [range of R²_adj (0.30; 0.37)], and with FW in four tracts in the affected and three in the unaffected hemisphere [R²_adj (0.28; 0.38)].</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In the first months after a stroke, we observed a trend of microstructural changes remote from the lesion that diminish as the distance from the lesion increases. Tissue changes in the white matter outside the lesion are present in both hemispheres, but are more pronounced in the hemisphere affected by the stroke, and may contribute to worse cognitive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong connectivity to the sensorimotor cortex predicts clinical effectiveness of thalamic deep brain stimulation in essential tremor","authors":"F. Grimm ,&nbsp;M. Walcker ,&nbsp;L. Milosevic ,&nbsp;G. Naros ,&nbsp;B. Bender ,&nbsp;D. Weiss ,&nbsp;A. Gharabaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The outcome of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET) varies, probably due to the difficulty in identifying the optimal target for DBS placement. Recent approaches compared the clinical response with a connectivity-based segmentation of the target area. However, studies are contradictory by indicating the connectivity to the primary motor cortex (M1) or to the premotor/supplementary motor cortex (SMA) to be therapeutically relevant.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the connectivity profile that corresponds to clinical effective targeting of DBS for ET.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patient-specific probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 20 ET patients with bilateral thalamic DBS. Following monopolar review, the stimulation response was classified for the most effective contact in each hemisphere as complete vs. incomplete upper limb tremor suppression (40 assessments). Finally, the connectivity profiles of these contacts within the cortical and cerebellar tremor network were estimated and compared between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The active contacts that led to complete (n = 25) vs. incomplete (n = 15) tremor suppression showed significantly higher connectivity to M1 (p &lt; 0.001), somatosensory cortex (p = 0.008), anterior lobe of the cerebellum (p = 0.026) and SMA (p = 0.05); with Cohen’s (d) effect sizes of 0.53, 0.42, 0.25 and 0.10, respectively. The clinical benefits were achieved without requiring higher stimulation intensities or causing additional side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Clinical effectiveness of DBS for ET corresponded to a distributed connectivity profile, with the connection to the sensorimotor cortex being most relevant. Long-term follow-up in larger cohorts and replication in out-of-sample data are necessary to confirm the robustness of these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of methylphenidate treatment response for ADHD using conventional and radiomics T1 and DTI features: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Mingshi Chen ,&nbsp;Zarah van der Pal ,&nbsp;Maarten G. Poirot ,&nbsp;Anouk Schrantee ,&nbsp;Marco Bottelier ,&nbsp;Sandra J.J. Kooij ,&nbsp;Henk A. Marquering ,&nbsp;Liesbeth Reneman ,&nbsp;Matthan W.A. Caan","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103707","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly treated with methylphenidate (MPH). Although highly effective, MPH treatment still has a relatively high non-response rate of around 30%, highlighting the need for a better understanding of treatment response. Radiomics of T1-weighted images and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) combined with machine learning approaches could offer a novel method for assessing MPH treatment response.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To evaluate the accuracy of both conventional and radiomics approaches in predicting treatment response based on baseline T1 and DTI data in stimulant-naive ADHD participants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (ePOD-MPH), involving 47 stimulant-naive ADHD participants (23 boys aged 11.4 ± 0.4 years, 24 men aged 28.1 ± 4.3 years) who underwent 16 weeks of treatment with MPH. Baseline T1-weighted and DTI MRI scans were acquired. Treatment response was assessed at 8 weeks (during treatment) and one week after cessation of 16-week treatment (post-treatment) using the Clinical Global Impressions − Improvement scale as our primary outcome. We compared prediction accuracy using a conventional model and a radiomics model. The conventional approach included the volume of bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum, accumbens, and hippocampus, and for DTI the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of the entire brain white matter, bilateral Anterior Thalamic Radiation (ATR), and the splenium of the corpus callosum, totaling 14 regional features. For the radiomics approach, 380 features (shape-based and first-order statistics) were extracted from these 14 regions. XGBoost models with nested cross-validation were used and constructed for the total cohort (n = 47), as well as children (n = 23) and adults (n = 24) separately. Exact binomial tests were employed to compare model performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the conventional model, balanced accuracy (bAcc) in predicting treatment response during treatment was 63 % for the total cohort, 32 % for children, and 36 % for adults (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC): 0.69, 0.33, 0.41 respectively). Radiomics models demonstrated bAcc’s of 68 %, 64 %, and 64 % during treatment (AUC-ROCs of 0.73, 0.62, 0.69 respectively). These predictions were better than chance for both conventional and radiomics models in the total cohort (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.04, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.003 respectively). The radiomics models outperformed the conventional models during treatment in children only (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02). At post-treatment, performance was markedly reduced.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;While conventional and radiomics models performed equally well in predicting clinical improvement across children and adults during treatment, radiomics features offered enhanced structural information beyond conventional region-based volum","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesion mapping and functional characterization of hemiplegic children with different patterns of hand manipulation","authors":"Antonino Errante ,&nbsp;Francesca Bozzetti ,&nbsp;Alessandro Piras ,&nbsp;Laura Beccani ,&nbsp;Mariacristina Filippi ,&nbsp;Stefania Costi ,&nbsp;Adriano Ferrari ,&nbsp;Leonardo Fogassi","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103575","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brain damage in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) affects motor function, with varying severity, making it difficult the performance of daily actions. Recently, qualitative and semi-quantitative methods have been developed for lesion classification, but studies on mild to moderate hand impairment are lacking. The present study aimed to characterize lesion topography and preserved brain areas in UCP children with specific patterns of hand manipulation. A homogeneous sample of 16 UCP children, aged 9 to 14 years, was enrolled in the study. Motor assessment included the characterization of the specific pattern of hand manipulation, by means of unimanual and bimanual measures (Kinematic Hand Classification, KHC; Manual Ability Classification System, MACS; House Functional Classification System, HFCS; Melbourne Unilateral Upper Limb Assessment, MUUL; Assisting Hand Assessment, AHA). The MRI morphological study included multiple methods: (a) qualitative lesion classification, (b) semi-quantitative classification (sq-MRI), (c) voxel-based morphometry comparing UCP and typically developed children (VBM-DARTEL), and (d) quantitative brain tissue segmentation (q-BTS). In addition, functional MRI was used to assess spared functional activations and cluster lateralization in the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres of UCP children during the execution of simple movements and grasping actions with the more affected hand. Lesions most frequently involved the periventricular white matter, corpus callosum, posterior limb of the internal capsule, thalamus, basal ganglia and brainstem. VMB-DARTEL analysis allowed to detect mainly white matter lesions. Both sq-MRI classification and q-BTS identified lesions of thalamus, brainstem, and basal ganglia. In particular, UCP patients with &lt;em&gt;synergic&lt;/em&gt; hand pattern showed larger involvement of subcortical structures, as compared to those with &lt;em&gt;semi-functional&lt;/em&gt; hand. Furthermore, sparing of gray matter in basal ganglia and thalamus was positively correlated with MUUL and AHA scores. Concerning white matter, q-BTS revealed a larger damage of fronto-striatal connections in patients with &lt;em&gt;synergic&lt;/em&gt; hand, as compared to those with &lt;em&gt;semi-functional&lt;/em&gt; hand. The volume of these connections was correlated to unimanual function (MUUL score). The fMRI results showed that all patients, but one, including those with cortical lesions, had activation in ipsilesional areas, regardless of lesion timing. Children with &lt;em&gt;synergic&lt;/em&gt; hand showed more lateralized activation in the ipsilesional hemisphere both during grasping and simple movements, while children with &lt;em&gt;semi-functional&lt;/em&gt; hand exhibited more bilateral activation during grasping. The study demonstrates that lesion localization, rather than lesion type based on the timing of their occurrence, is more associated with the functional level of hand manipulation. Overall, the preservation of subcortical structures and white ma","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 103575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158224000147/pdfft?md5=1a77ec4dee45b19a28d5e42cdf8a45df&pid=1-s2.0-S2213158224000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}