Neuroimage-Clinical最新文献

{"title":"White matter structure-function decoupling in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","authors":"Junrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangyao Liu ,&nbsp;Yongxuan Xu ,&nbsp;Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Laiyan Ma ,&nbsp;Weihao Zheng ,&nbsp;Baoming Li ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Accumulating evidence highlights both structural and functional brain alterations in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), yet how these structural changes within white matter pathways drive functional disorganization remains largely unknown. <em>Here</em>, we aim to investigate white matter structure–function coupling (SFC) in treatment-naïve, newly diagnosed JME.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-seven patients with JME and 40 demographically matched healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Tract-wise SFC was assessed using a multivariate linear regression, with the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations as the dependent variable and four microstructural metrics—fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD)—as independent variables. A support vector regression with five-fold cross-validation was employed to establish the associations with clinical severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>JME patients exhibited widespread white matter microstructural alterations, including increased FA and decreased diffusivity metrics, alongside functional hyperactivity in multiple tracts. Notably, a significant reduction of SFC was observed in the left corticospinal tract (<em>P</em> = 0.008) and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (<em>P</em> = 0.006). In addition, multimodal models combining structural, functional, and coupling metrics demonstrated superior predictive performance for clinical severity compared to single-modal analyses (<em>P</em> = 0.026).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight white matter structure–function decoupling in the early stages of JME, specifically in key pathways relevant to motor and cognitive dysfunctions. Furthermore, the tract-specific SFC investigation offers a useful way for diagnosis, prognosis, and guiding personalized treatment strategies in this complex epilepsy syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural substrates of the oculomotor vergence network for concussion-related convergence insufficiency within the CONCUSS study","authors":"Ayushi Sangoi ,&nbsp;Farzin Hajebrahimi ,&nbsp;Suril Gohel ,&nbsp;Mitchell Scheiman ,&nbsp;Arlene Goodman ,&nbsp;Melissa Noble ,&nbsp;Tara L. Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concussion-related convergence insufficiency (CONC-CI) participants were compared to binocularly normal controls (BNC) using an fMRI stimulus-induced vergence oculomotor task to assess group-level differences in neural substrates. The hypothesis tested was whether the CONC-CI and BNC groups would show significant differences in the vergence oculomotor neural substrates, providing comparative data for the CONCUSS randomized clinical trial or future therapeutic longitudinal studies. A pediatrician diagnosed concussions, and an optometrist diagnosed convergence insufficiency. The CONC-CI group experienced their last concussion between one and six months since the last injury and had persisting post-concussion symptoms. A total of 46 BNC and 59 CONC-CI participants underwent a sensory-motor vision exam and had datasets from the fMRI experiment that passed a priori criteria for motion artifacts. The BNC group exhibited activation within the parietal eye field (PEF), supplemental eye field (SEF), frontal eye field (FEF), visual cortex, and cerebellum. Activation in these regions was present but significantly reduced in the PEF, cerebellum, and visual cortex for the CONC-CI group compared to BNC (FWE <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The CONC-CI group had greater activation in the precuneus than the BNC group (FWE <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Significant differences in the correlation between the near point of convergence and the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS) with the functional activity of the PEF and the PFt region of the inferior parietal cortex were observed across groups (BNC versus CONC-CI) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Together, these findings demonstrate how functional activity is affected by CONC-CI, particularly in individuals with persisting post-concussion symptoms. Future therapeutic intervention studies are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized functionnectome for the statistical assessment of white matter circuits underlying task-fMRI activations in glioma patients","authors":"Giovanni Sighinolfi ,&nbsp;Alexander Leemans ,&nbsp;David Neil Manners ,&nbsp;Elena Cantoni ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Vornetti ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Motta ,&nbsp;Enrico Franceschi ,&nbsp;Caterina Tonon ,&nbsp;Raffaele Lodi ,&nbsp;Alberto De Luca","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Functionnectome framework enables the projection of task-related fMRI signals onto the underlying white matter pathways, using anatomical priors derived from structural connectivity. However, the existing “standardized” priors are based on averaged tractograms from healthy controls and cannot accurately capture the altered anatomy found in patients with brain lesions.</div><div>This study extends the Functionnectome framework by generating individualized anatomical priors from subject-specific diffusion MRI tractography, allowing for improved integration of functional and structural data in patients with brain tumors. Twenty-six patients with gliomas (9 females; mean age 43 ± 17 years) underwent 3 T MRI, including a multishell diffusion protocol and task-based fMRI targeting motor and/or language functions. Whole-brain tractography was reconstructed using three methods (TensorDet, PFT, and iFOD2) and converted into voxelwise individualized priors. Functionnectome maps were estimated using both standardized and individualized priors, and Z-statistic activation maps were obtained via GLM analysis. Similarity metrics and atlas-based consistency were used to compare standardized and individualized Functionnectomes.</div><div>Functionnectomes derived from probabilistic tractography showed moderate correlations with standardized Functionnectomes (average Pearson’s r ≈ 0.5), highlighting the influence of individual structural variability while maintaining comparable activation patterns. The PFT-based Functionnectome exhibited superior anatomical plausibility, with consistent overlap with expected motor white matter tracts and identification of relevant bundles in up to 100% of cases, compared to 50–60% with standardized priors.</div><div>The individualized Functionnectome enhances the anatomical validity and subject specificity of structure–function mapping, advancing precision neuroimaging for clinical and neurosurgical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal brain dynamics in 8-to-9-year-old children: A comparative study between preterm and term schoolchildren","authors":"Solange Denervaud ,&nbsp;Paola Zanchi ,&nbsp;Céline J Fischer Fumeaux ,&nbsp;Cléo Huguenin-Virchaux ,&nbsp;Laureline Besuchet ,&nbsp;Patric Hagmann ,&nbsp;Anita C Truttmann ,&nbsp;Juliane Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preterm birth disrupts critical phases of brain maturation, placing individuals at increased risk for long-term cognitive and functional impairments. This study investigated how very preterm birth affects the spatial and temporal organization of functional brain networks in school-aged children born very preterm using a spatiotemporal connectome framework. Multimodal MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state fMRI, was acquired from 25 children born before 30 gestational weeks and 25 age- and sex-matched full-term controls (8–9 years). We characterized the structure–function coupling of dynamic brain activity through Connected Components (CCs) defined as structurally constrained sets of functionally co-active regions identified on a multilayer graph. Three different metrics were computed: CC number (count of distinct co-activation patterns), CC height (peak number of regions within a CC, representing the spatial extent) and CC width (temporal span across consecutive time repetitions (TRs)). In addition, we quantified System Diversity (SD) and Spatiotemporal Diversity (STD), indices reflecting integrative richness and temporal variability of functional network dynamics. CC number decreased with age across groups, reflecting typical developmental patterns, while CC height was significantly greater in preterm children and positively associated with processing speed, suggesting altered or compensatory network co-activation. No significant group differences were observed for SD metrics. However, network-level analyses revealed significantly lower STD values in all functional networks in the preterm group, indicating possible heightened temporal stability and reduced functional flexibility. These findings suggest that very preterm birth selectively alters the dynamic engagement of functional systems, with potential implications for cognitive vulnerabilities. (243 mots; 250 max).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the link between post-concussive symptoms and brain network dysfunction: A systematic scoping review of neuroimaging evidence","authors":"Caerwen S. Ellery ,&nbsp;André N. Avila ,&nbsp;Melissa G. Papini ,&nbsp;Melinda Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Sarah C. Hellewell","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent condition with symptoms spanning physical, psychological, cognitive, and sleep domains. Altered functional brain networks have been implicated in mTBI, but the relationship between these network changes and post-concussive symptoms remains poorly understood. This study is a systematic scoping review, adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, assessing current literature on the association between brain network dysfunction and mTBI-related symptoms. Searches across ProQuest, Web of Science, and PubMed yielded 41 studies for full review, with most (n = 39) employing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine brain networks. The default mode network (DMN) was a primary focus, with studies reporting heterogeneous findings of increased and decreased connectivity both within and outside this network. Over 85% of studies used mTBI-specific symptom measures, and 50% employed detailed questionnaires for emotional and physical symptom assessment. Of these, 23 studies identified significant correlations between symptom scores and network connectivity. However, methodological inconsistencies, including variable analytic approaches, highlight the need for standardization in this field. Key areas for future research include incorporating multimodal imaging techniques, conducting longitudinal studies or extending recruitment time points, and stratifying analyses by sex to optimise identification of connectivity changes. Addressing these gaps is crucial for advancing our understanding of functional network alterations in mTBI and their clinical implications, ultimately supporting improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between brain functional connectivity and resting cardiac autonomic profiles in functional neurological disorder: A pilot study","authors":"Cristina Bleier ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Guthrie ,&nbsp;Jessica Ranford ,&nbsp;Julie MacLean ,&nbsp;Ellen Godena ,&nbsp;Julie Maggio ,&nbsp;Sara A. Finkelstein ,&nbsp;Ibai Diez ,&nbsp;Christiana Westlin ,&nbsp;Karen S. Quigley ,&nbsp;David L. Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Functional neurological disorder (FND) is associated with alterations in functional brain networks, yet relationships between peripheral autonomic physiology and brain architecture remain poorly characterized. This pilot study examined associations between cardiac autonomic metrics and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in FND.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty females with FND and 23 age-matched female psychiatric controls (PCs) completed questionnaires, 10-min resting photoplethysmography recordings, and same-day resting-state fMRI. Interbeat interval (IBI) and heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were extracted. Whole-brain rsFC was quantified using weighted-degree [centrality]. Within-group analyses tested associations between cardiac autonomic metrics and weighted-degree rsFC separately in FND and PC cohorts, adjusting for age, head motion, and antidepressant/β-blocker use – while applying a cluster-wise correction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cardiac (IBI and HRV) metrics did not differ between FND and PC cohorts, and these metrics did not correlate with FND symptom severity, somatic symptom burden, affective symptoms, or childhood trauma. In FND, shorter IBI (i.e., faster resting heart rate) correlated with higher weighted-degree rsFC in bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and right precentral/superior frontal regions, whereas lower HRV primarily correlated with higher weighted-degree rsFC in the bilateral SMA, mid-cingulate cortex, and right amygdala, anterior insula, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In PCs, autonomic–rsFC associations were more spatially restricted to the bilateral anterior/mid-cingulate and SMA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In FND, individual differences in resting autonomic physiology related to the centrality of brain areas that are part of the central autonomic, salience, and allostatic-interoceptive networks. These findings suggest that the relationship between autonomic physiology and network architecture may be important in FND.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 103996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White matter alterations linked to social cognitive improvements following theta burst stimulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus in autism","authors":"Chun-Hung Yeh ,&nbsp;Jing-Ru Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Ping Chao ,&nbsp;Chen-Te Wu ,&nbsp;Tai-Li Chou ,&nbsp;Susan Shur-Fen Gau ,&nbsp;Hsing-Chang Ni ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Yuan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) has been shown to improve social cognitive function in autistic individuals. However, whether this intervention modulates underlying brain structure remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of iTBS over the RIFG on white matter macro- and micro-structure in intellectually able autistic children and young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this 8-week double-blind, parallel, sham-controlled trial, autistic participants (aged 8–30 years) were randomized to receive twice-weekly neuro-navigated iTBS targeting the RIFG or sham stimulation using a sham coil applied over the same target. The social cognitive performance was measured with the Frith-Happé Animations Test. Diffusion MRI and behavioral assessments were acquired at baseline, week 8 (immediately after intervention), and week 12 (four-week follow-up). After quality control, data from 26 participants in the active group and 23 in the sham group were included in the final longitudinal whole-brain fixel-based analysis (FBA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant treatment-by-time interaction emerged: changes in the composite fiber-density-and-cross-section (FDC) metric did not differ between groups at either week 8 or week 12. Within the active group, however, a significant negative association was found between the change in FDC in the rostral body of the corpus callosum and the improvement in social cognitive performance from baseline to week 12.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An 8-week course of neuro-navigated RIFG iTBS did not produce significant group-level white matter macro/microstructural changes compared to sham stimulation in our autistic cohort. Nevertheless, the finding that individual improvements in social cognition correlated with specific white matter alterations in the active group suggests a potential link between treatment-induced benefits and neural plasticity. Future studies should investigate whether different TBS parameters could induce more pronounced or detectable structural changes on MRI in autistic individuals and further explore the intricate mechanisms underlying observed brain-behavior relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortical microglial inflammation is uniquely linked to subpial cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis","authors":"Risavarshni Thevakumaran ,&nbsp;Stephan Blinder ,&nbsp;Marcus Couch ,&nbsp;Alexey Kostikov ,&nbsp;Rozalia Arnaoutelis ,&nbsp;Sridar Narayanan ,&nbsp;Pedro Rosa-Neto ,&nbsp;Douglas L. Arnold ,&nbsp;David A. Rudko","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In multiple sclerosis (MS), pathology of both the subpial cortex and subependymal parenchyma has been strongly linked to compartmentalized meningeal inflammation. The topographical distribution of subpial demyelination can be appraised <em>in vivo</em> using surface-based mapping of magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat) in the cortex with 7T MRI. We combined 7T cortical MTsat mapping with [¹¹C]PBR28 PET molecular imaging of microglia to study the potential influence of subcortical microglial inflammation on cortical pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-eight MS patients (median EDSS: 4.0) and 21 healthy controls (HCs) underwent high resolution 7T MRI and [¹¹C]PBR28 PET. Principal component analysis of [¹¹C]PBR28 PET data was used to phenotype patients as having high (MSHigh) or low (MSLow) subcortical inflammation. Quantitative, surface-based measures of cortical myelin were obtained by sampling MTsat maps at 25%-50%-75% depths from the pial surface.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MSHigh patients presented substantially greater, diffuse reductions in MTsat at all three cortical depths relative to HCs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Areas of significantly reduced MTsat were greatest at 25% depth in the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortices, occupying nearly 70% of total cortical area and providing evidence of extensive subpial demyelination. Importantly, MSHigh patients presented increased microstructural abnormalities in subcortical regions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), alongside higher Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) (<em>P</em> = 0.02), increased odds of progressive MS (odds ratio = 4.85:1 [1.20, 23.26], <em>P</em> = 0.03) and significant cortical atrophy (<em>P</em> = 0.009).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>We provide <em>in vivo</em> evidence of a relationship between subcortical microglial inflammation and subpial demyelination in MS that is associated with increased clinical disability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single MRI scan contains sufficient imaging information for accurate prediction of meningioma growth risk","authors":"Nima Sadeghzadeh ,&nbsp;Jason A. Correia ,&nbsp;Jiantao Shen ,&nbsp;Sung-Min Jun ,&nbsp;Poul M.F. Nielsen ,&nbsp;Brendan Davis ,&nbsp;Samantha J. Holdsworth ,&nbsp;Michael Dragunow ,&nbsp;Richard L.M. Faull ,&nbsp;Hamid Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurosurgical strategies for monitoring meningiomas and evaluating their growth risk largely rely on serial imaging or invasive sampling, practices that place considerable burdens on both patients and clinical resources. In this study, we present a novel framework for predicting meningioma growth risk using only a single contrast-enhanced MRI scan. Our approach compares a custom-trained fully convolutional neural network encoder and PyRadiomics features at both tumor- and whole-image scale, capturing tumor-specific and peritumoral image features, evaluated using conventional machine learning classifiers. The study cohort includes 192 patients with single meningiomas, categorized as growing, stable, or shrinking, based on volumetric assessments by expert neurosurgeons. Classifiers trained on encoder-derived features achieved the highest F1-scores of 0.97 ± 0.01, demonstrating strong predictive performance particularly when edema content was included. Ensemble learning on encoder- and PyRadiomics-extracted features did not improve accuracy compared to the individual approaches. Prediction performance varied across scanner vendor, field strength, tumor location, and volume quintiles, with 3 T scanners yielding superior results, notably higher accuracy for smaller tumors under 1.73 <!--> <!-->cm³, and comparatively reduced performance in foramen magnum and intraventricular regions. This represents an important advance with clear clinical relevance, as smaller tumors are more difficult to classify regarding future growth. Our findings establish the feasibility of predicting meningioma growth risk from a single MRI scan, offering a non-invasive approach for early risk stratification and personalized surveillance strategies. By reducing reliance on serial imaging, the approach has the potential to support informed clinical decisions while improving resource allocation and ensuring timely intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 103978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Neuroradiological presentation, cognitive outcome and volumetric MRI analysis","authors":"Fabio M. Doniselli ,&nbsp;Anna Paola Savoldi ,&nbsp;João Ramos ,&nbsp;Alessandra Erbetta ,&nbsp;Chiara Foschini ,&nbsp;Riccardo Pascuzzo ,&nbsp;Carlo Antozzi ,&nbsp;Francesca Ragona ,&nbsp;Federica Zibordi ,&nbsp;Tiziana Granata ,&nbsp;Marina Grisoli ,&nbsp;Elena Freri","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most frequent autoimmune encephalitis in children and may cause long-term sequelae. Although MRI plays a key role in diagnosis and follow-up, its correlation with cognitive outcome remains unclear. We retrospectively reviewed pediatric cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis diagnosed from 2007 to 2024, including only antibody-positive patients with at least one MRI. Clinical data encompassed presenting symptoms, EEG, therapies, relapses, and the latest neuropsychological assessment. MRI scans were evaluated by three neuroradiologists using a structured atrophy scale, and volumetric T1-weighted sequences, when available, were analyzed with Volbrain. Twenty-two patients (9 males, 13 females; median onset age 11.9 years) were included. The most frequent presenting symptoms were seizures (82%) and behavioral disturbances (59%), while EEG abnormalities were detected in 95%. At onset, 9 patients (41%) showed MRI abnormalities, most commonly fronto-parieto-occipital atrophy. Long-term cognitive follow-up (median 4.8 years), available for all patients, demonstrated that 80% of patients had normal or only mild deficits, but those with abnormal baseline MRI were more likely to develop long-term cognitive impairment, although the limited sample size precluded robust statistical analysis. Long-term MRI was available in 8 patients (median follow-up 10 years); volumetric analysis revealed parietal lobe volume loss in 6, including some with visually normal scans. Overall, baseline MRI alterations appeared associated with higher risk of subsequent cognitive deficits, while volumetric data highlighted subtle parietal atrophy even in patients with normal-appearing scans and, in some cases, without neuropsychological impairment. These findings support the complementary role of quantitative MRI and systematic neuropsychological monitoring in pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54359,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage-Clinical","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 103986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147453434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}