Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans最新文献

{"title":"Distinct Impacts of Increased Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Heat Transport on Arctic Ocean Warming and Sea Ice Decline","authors":"Kexin Cheng,&nbsp;Qi Shu,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Zhenya Song,&nbsp;Yan He,&nbsp;Shizhu Wang,&nbsp;Rongrong Pan,&nbsp;Haibo Bi,&nbsp;Fangli Qiao","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increased ocean heat transport (OHT) to the Arctic Ocean from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans contributes to Arctic Ocean warming and sea ice decline in a warming climate, processes known as Atlantification and Pacification, respectively. However, the separate impacts of these OHTs and their magnitudes remain unclear. This study uses a fully coupled climate model (FIO-ESM v2.1) to investigate the specific impacts of increased Atlantic and Pacific OHTs on Arctic Ocean temperature, sea ice extent, and sea ice concentration. Our sensitivity experiments reveal that increased Atlantic OHT affects the temperature of the entire Arctic Ocean with the greatest impacts found in the Barents Sea and Eurasian Basin and at intermediate depths of the Arctic basin. The warming extent and efficiency from increased Atlantic OHT is considerably greater than that from Pacific OHT. Without warming of the Atlantic Water inflow, the rate of Arctic Ocean warming would decrease by approximately 50%. Increased Pacific OHT mainly affects the upper ocean in the Pacific sector, including the Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, and Canada Basin. Increased OHT from both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans leads to notable sea ice decline with distinct regional and seasonal variations. Increased Atlantic OHT contributes to sea ice decline across most of the Arctic Ocean, particularly in the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, and the central Arctic. In contrast, increased Pacific OHT leads to sea ice loss dominantly in the Pacific sector, including the Chukchi, the East Siberian, and the Beaufort seas.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC021178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed Warming and Weakening of the Philippine Sea Deep Circulation Over the Past Decade","authors":"Qinbo Xu,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang,&nbsp;Fan Wang,&nbsp;Zichen Tian,&nbsp;Dunxin Hu","doi":"10.1029/2024JC022017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep circulation in the Philippine Sea, an important component of the deep limb of the Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation, redistributes heat and carbon, as the circulation carries cold dense water originating from Antarctic bottom water (AABW). On the basis of hydrographic observations, the water mass properties and circulation in the deep Philippine Sea were investigated. The cold water entering the deep Philippine Sea through the Yap-Mariana Junction gradually warms as it invades the interior of the deep basin, and the intrusion path exhibits a cyclonic structure. From 2015 to 2023, deep water in the Philippine Basin warmed by 0.18 ± 0.20 × 10⁻³ °C yr⁻¹ below 4,000 m, featuring the deepening of potential temperature isotherms due to the continued loss of cold water. Further analyses of the satellite-observed ocean bottom pressure data revealed anticyclonic anomalies in the deep currents, indicating a weakening of the deep circulation in the Philippine Sea. Warming of the deep water and weakening of the deep circulation both imply a contraction of cold dense water entering the deep Philippine Sea, which is believed to be relevant to the reduced formation rates of AABW.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-Scale Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions Drive Phytoplankton Accumulation in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula","authors":"Suwen Ye,&nbsp;Zhaoru Zhang,&nbsp;Timo Vihma,&nbsp;Mingshun Jiang,&nbsp;Chuan Xie,&nbsp;Lejiang Yu,&nbsp;Walker O. Smith Jr.","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) region is a highly productive ecosystem that supports a large krill-based food web. In summer 2006, the NAP region had substantially elevated phytoplankton biomass, with surface chlorophyll-a concentrations that reached the greatest level during 2001–2023. Using the long-term in situ data from the U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources program, satellite observations, and ERA5 reanalysis products, the mechanisms of the elevated chlorophyll-a anomalies in summer 2006 were analyzed. The results suggest that the position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) shifted considerably westward that summer, resulting in strong positive sea level pressure anomalies west of the NAP, which induced southerly wind anomalies and reduced the advection of moist airflow toward the NAP. This in turn reduced the cloud coverage and increased photosynthetically available radiation over this region, which directly increased the phytoplankton photosynthesis. The intensified radiation also increased the ocean temperature and strengthened stratification, which increased phytoplankton growth rates and allowed phytoplankton to accumulate in the upper euphotic zone. This work underlines the important role of coupled atmospheric-oceanic processes in generating large phytoplankton biomass in the NAP region.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC021354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Remineralization of Terrestrial Organic Matter in the Sediments of the New Britain Trench Revealed by Optical and Molecular Properties of the Water-Extracted Dissolved Organic Matter","authors":"Qi Sun,&nbsp;Lei Sang,&nbsp;Min Luo,&nbsp;Tingcang Hu,&nbsp;Jingqian Xie,&nbsp;Yunping Xu,&nbsp;Linying Chen,&nbsp;Yulin Qi,&nbsp;Duofu Chen","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021677","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hadal trenches have recently been recognized as hotspots for organic carbon burial and degradation in the deep sea owing to its distinctive “funnel-shaped” topography and frequent tectonic activity. In this study, we analyzed dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, optical properties, and molecular compositions of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in the sediment samples collected along two transects spanning diverse marine environments of the New Britain Trench (NBT) area. A significant positive correlation between DOC concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC) contents in sediments emphasizes the crucial role of organic matter (OM) supply for DOC production in the hadal environment. In addition, the optical parameters (e.g., fluorescence index, <i>a</i>₃₅₀/DOC) suggest remarkable influences of terrestrial OM on the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the NBT sediments. Indeed, the correlations between the stable carbon isotopes of sedimentary TOC (δ¹³C) and related optical parameters (SUVA₂₅₄, <i>a</i>₃₅₀/DOC, <i>S</i>_R and terrestrial humic-like) indicate that microbial degradation of terrestrial OM has an important impact on the sedimentary DOM. Moreover, analysis of DOM molecular compositions showed increased aromaticity and double bond equivalents double bond equivalent in the western landward core and two axis cores, also suggesting enhanced microbial degradation of terrestrial OM. The input of terrestrial OM into the NBT has led to production of aromatic, refractory, and high molecular weight DOM. Our findings have implications for understanding the fate of terrestrial OM in the deep ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Intermediate Current in Tropical North Pacific Observed by Moored Current Meters","authors":"Xiaoluan Yan,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuchao Hui,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021960","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Six years of current meter observation from a subsurface mooring at 130°E, 8.5°N captured an eastward flow below the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) between 1,500 and 3,000 m. This flow, named Lower-NEUC, has mean velocity of 0.73 ± 0.08 cm/s and 1.05 ± 0.08 cm/s at 2,000 and 2,500 m, respectively. Its spatial distribution is studied using Argo absolute geostrophic velocity data and ocean reanalysis. In the northwestern Pacific, Lower-NEUC shifts poleward with increasing longitude and is wider in Argo absolute geostrophic velocity data (around 300 km) and narrower in reanalysis (around 150 km). Vertically, the core of Lower-NEUC lies mostly between 27.5 and 27.6<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sigma }_{theta }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> in reanalysis, shallower compared to mooring observation. Reanalysis data shows L-NEUC's generation is connected to deep eddies. After proving that L-NEUC is not a result of averaging west-translating eddies, we showed that L-NEUC is generated by eddy potential vorticity flux convergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hurricane-Driven Transport of Bermuda Reef Carbonate Platform Sediments to the Deep Ocean","authors":"R. Pedrosa-Pamies,&nbsp;M. H. Conte,&nbsp;J. C. Weber,&nbsp;A. J. Andersson","doi":"10.1029/2023JC020500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropical cyclones erode and remobilize coastal sediments but their impact on the deep ocean remains unclear. Hurricane-driven transport of carbonates and associated materials from reef carbonate platforms to the deep ocean has important implications for carbon storage, deep ecosystems and ocean chemistry as carbonate platform reef-sourced aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC) may dissolve and contribute to deep water total alkalinity. Here we describe two hurricane-driven resuspension events where deep sediment plumes from the Bermuda Pedestal (NW Atlantic) were advected to deep waters surrounding the Oceanic Flux Program (OFP) mooring site, ∼75 km southeast of Bermuda. Hurricanes Fabian (Cat. 3, 2003) and Igor (Cat. 1, 2010) generated large near-inertial waves propagating to &gt;750 m depths, leading to widespread sediment resuspension from the Pedestal. Following Fabian, carbonate fluxes at the OFP site increased 15-fold, 32-fold, and 6-fold at 500, 1,500 and 3,200 m, respectively, with the 1,500 m flux equivalent to the total annual carbonate flux. OFP traps similarly captured a large detrital carbonate plume following Igor; here, the plume was shallower and persisted longer. Microscopy, geochemistry, and mineralogy confirmed that both plumes consisted of fine-grained shallow-water detrital carbonates alongside other materials accumulated on the Pedestal including phosphorus, lithogenic, authigenic, and pollutant elements. Clay-sized particles (&lt;4 μm) in both plumes exhibited high contents of lithogenic and authigenic elements, and Zn, Cd, and V, facilitating their transport over long distances. Grain-size, elemental, and lipid composition indicated that plumes intercepted at different depths originated from different source areas on the Pedestal.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Anomalous Biomass Burning on Phytoplankton and Surface Ocean Carbon Pool in the Indo-China Peninsula","authors":"Wenjing Liu,&nbsp;Wencai Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024JC022070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ocean carbon sink plays a pivotal role in absorbing carbon dioxide and combating climate change. By utilizing satellite data, this study identified an exceptionally severe biomass burning event in the Indo-China Peninsula on 31 March 2020. This incident engulfed most of the island, with a total of 3,550 fires, representing the highest number of fire points from 2015 to 2023. Furthermore, this abnormal burning released 5.71 × 10⁹ kg of carbon dioxide in the dense fire area, accompanied by smoke aerosols that were rich in nutrients and carbon. These smoke aerosols were transported to the western Pacific Ocean by the subtropical high boundary stream. Upon deposition into the ocean, the smoke aerosols triggered a maximum increase of 314% in chlorophyll a concentration, as compared to the average for April 2020. This significant stimulation of phytoplankton growth indirectly contributed to the expansion of the surface ocean carbon pool. During their deposition, carbon export through the biological pump mechanism was 3.13 ± 1.27 × 10⁸ kg. Although anomalous wildfires emitted more smoke aerosols, there was no significant increase in ocean carbon export. Ultimately, the response of the surface ocean carbon pool to the influence of smoke aerosols partially offset about 20.06 ± 7.51% of the carbon emissions. Additionally, smoke aerosols directly increased the surface ocean carbon pool by 2.64 × 10⁷ kg through their own carbon deposition mechanism. Our study demonstrated that the ocean's capacity for carbon uptake is constrained. The carbon dioxide emissions from anomalous biomass burning events significantly surpass those that the ocean can effectively assimilate.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Central Structure of a Mesoscale Eddy-Ring Dipole in the Mozambique Channel From In Situ Observations","authors":"Pierrick Penven,&nbsp;Jean-Francois Ternon,&nbsp;Margaux Noyon,&nbsp;Steven Herbette,&nbsp;Gildas Cambon,&nbsp;Caroline Comby,&nbsp;Pierre L’Hégaret,&nbsp;Bernardino S. Malauene,&nbsp;Claire Ménesguen,&nbsp;Fialho Nehama,&nbsp;Gustav Rauntenbach,&nbsp;Yula Rufino,&nbsp;Floriane Sudre","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the RESILIENCE cruise aboard the R/V Marion Dufresne II (April 19–24 May 2022), a high-resolution in situ observation campaign investigated a mesoscale dipole in the Mozambique Channel, composed of a large anticyclonic ring and a cyclonic eddy. Using an innovative adaptive sampling strategy to track its movement, we employed continuous observing systems, including a Moving Vessel Profiler and Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers, to capture high-resolution vertical sections. The results revealed a distinct dipolar structure: The 250 km-wide anticyclonic ring featured low chlorophyll and homogeneous waters, while the smaller cyclonic eddy exhibited higher chlorophyll concentrations and pronounced salinity variations. These include patches, vertically stacked layers, and filaments, reflecting a mix of contrasted water masses from the southern Mozambique Channel and the Sofala Bank. A central jet between the eddies exhibited horizontal velocities up to 130 cm <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${mathrm{s}}^{-1}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, facilitating significant offshore transport exceeding 10 Sverdrups in the upper 250 m and emphasizing the dipole's role in eastward water movement. Vertical velocities, derived from the Quasi-Geostrophic Omega equation, highlighted the influence of smaller-scale structures in driving vertical motions, reaching 40 m <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mtext>day</mtext>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${text{day}}^{-1}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> at depth. Lagrangian particle trajectories revealed the dipole's spiraling structure and its connectivity to coastal waters. These findings show that Mozambique Eddy-Ring Dipoles efficiently transport properties from the continental shelf to the open ocean, enhancing regional ecosystem connectivity. This work provides new insights into their biogeochemical, biological and ecological significance, challenging traditional cyclonic/anticyclonic eddy paradigms, and setting the foundation for future studies on mesoscale dipoles in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC021913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processes That Influence Bottom Temperatures in the California Current System","authors":"M. A. Alexander,&nbsp;J. D. Scott,&nbsp;M. G. Jacox,&nbsp;D. J. Amaya,&nbsp;L. M. Wilczynski","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bottom water temperature (BWT) strongly influences marine organisms in coastal waters. Although subsurface observations are limited, the recent development of high-resolution reanalyses enables a detailed three-dimensional view of the ocean, including on the continental shelf. Here, we use the GLORYS 1/12° (∼9 km) reanalysis during 1993–2019 to examine processes that influence BWT anomalies on the shelf (≤400 m bottom depth) off the West Coast of Baja California and the contiguous US. We examine the relationship between BWT anomalies and other ocean variables, including mixed layer depth (MLD), thermocline depth (TD), thermocline and bottom temperature gradients, and bottom currents. The strongest and most spatially coherent connections with BWT anomalies occur for MLD during winter and TD in summer. BWT anomalies are also correlated with the local sea surface height (SSH) anomalies with maxima at 2–5 days lag. On subseasonal timescales, the lag of the maximum coherence of SSH at the southern tip of Baja California with both SSH and BWT increases northwards, consistent with propagating coastally trapped waves (CTWs), although the BWT anomalies decrease with latitude. Like SST and SSH, BWT anomalies are coherent along the entire West Coast on interannual timescales, reflecting ENSO's influence on the northeast Pacific. In contrast to CTWs, wind-driven upwelling's impact on BWT anomalies increases with latitude. Regional ocean model experiments confirm the GLORYS analysis and highlight the importance of remote wind-driven effects, in addition to local winds, on BWT in the northern part of the domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC021886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Hydrodynamic Oscillations From Swash With Transparent Sand (GHOSTS)","authors":"Delaney M. Benoit,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre C. Delisle,&nbsp;Greg Siemens,&nbsp;Britt Raubenheimer,&nbsp;Steve Elgar,&nbsp;Ryan P. Mulligan","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interactions between surface flows and groundwater in beaches can influence erosion and accretion, wave overtopping, groundwater levels and salinization, and transport of nutrients and pollutants. Laboratory experiments using transparent crushed quartz and optically matched mineral oil as proxies for sand and water allow the degree of saturation to be computed at pore-scale (0.7 mm resolution) enabling detailed investigations of the wave runup driven infiltration into a beach in a wave flume for a range of slopes and flow boundary conditions. The evolution of the wetting front resulting from wave runup on an initially unsaturated beach is described in detail, including the formation of an infiltration wedge in the subsurface of the swash zone and the wave-driven rise in fluid elevation inside the beach. The elevation of the runup for each event is found to be related closely to the saturation of the beach face, reaching an equilibrium state once the subsurface in the swash zone reaches capacity. The back wall boundary condition in the flume has a significant role in how subsurface flows increase saturation within the beach, especially with boundary head elevations greater than the initial phreatic surface. The results of these novel experimental observations are used to develop dimensionless relationships between the surface wave runup and the subsurface saturation rates. To improve monitoring and interpretation of future coastal groundwater studies, three distinct cross-shore regimes are defined for assessing change in subsurface fluid elevation in the beach.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC021293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}