Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans最新文献

{"title":"Vertical Carbon Export During a Phytoplankton Bloom in the Chukchi Sea: Physical Setting and Frontal Subduction","authors":"Robert S. Pickart,&nbsp;Michael A. Spall,&nbsp;Frank Bahr,&nbsp;Loreley Lago,&nbsp;Peigen Lin,&nbsp;Astrid Pacini,&nbsp;Matthew Mills,&nbsp;Jie Huang,&nbsp;Kevin R. Arrigo,&nbsp;Gert van Dijken,&nbsp;Leah T. McRaven,&nbsp;Steven Roberts","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to quantify pelagic-benthic coupling on high-latitude shelves, it is imperative to identify the different physical mechanisms by which phytoplankton are exported to the sediments. In June–July 2023, a field program documented the evolution of an under-ice phytoplankton bloom on the northeast Chukchi shelf. Here, we use in situ data from the cruise, a simple numerical model, historical water column data, and ocean reanalysis fields to characterize the physical setting and describe the dynamically driven vertical export of chlorophyll associated with the bloom. A water mass front separating cold, high-nutrient winter water in the north and warmer summer waters to the south—roughly coincident with the ice edge—supported a baroclinic jet which is part of the Central Channel flow branch that veers eastward toward Barrow Canyon. A plume of high chlorophyll fluorescence extending from the near-surface bloom in the winter water downwards along the front was measured throughout the cruise. Using a passive tracer to represent phytoplankton in the model, it was demonstrated that the plume is the result of subduction due to baroclinic instability of the frontal jet. This process, in concert with the gravitational sinking, pumps the chlorophyll downwards an order of magnitude faster than gravitational sinking alone. Particle tracking using the ocean reanalysis fields reveals that a substantial portion of the chlorophyll away from the front is advected off of the northeast Chukchi shelf before reaching the bottom. This highlights the importance of the frontal subduction process for delivering carbon to the sea floor.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC021465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations of the Near-Field Yellow River Plume, Multiple Fronts and Their Biogeochemical Effects","authors":"Zhixing Chen,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Dan Xu,&nbsp;Wensheng Jiang,&nbsp;Changwei Bian","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>River plumes transport fresh water into the ocean, and exhibit intense convergent and turbulent processes in the frontal regions, ultimately influencing coastal ecosystems. Satellite images show multiple fronts can be generated in river plumes. Although some efforts have been done to study the generation of multiple fronts inside river plumes by theoretical, numerical modeling and laboratory methods, their generation mechanisms and effects on biogeochemical processes remain to be clarified through in situ observational evidence. In the present study, the near-field Yellow River plume, multiple fronts and their biogeochemical effects are investigated through moored, shipboard, and remote sensing observations. Numerical model simulations are conducted to help study the tidal movement of the Yellow River plume. The results show that the near-field Yellow River plume is generally advected back and forth in the east‒west direction under the effects of tidal currents. Following the plume leading front, a turbulent bore is observed to be generated and mix near-surface water with low turbidity and high concentration of dissolved oxygen into the water column. Behind the turbulent bore, a series of subfronts with distances of <i>O</i> (∼100 m) are formed. The generation mechanisms of these subfronts are found to be associated with internal shear instabilities. Under the effects of cross-front shear currents and vertical mixing near the subfronts, a three-layer structure of turbidity and surface low-turbidity stripes form inside the plume. Multiple fronts also have significant effects on the accumulation of surface materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Thickness and Volume Changes From Observations Between 1994 and 2023","authors":"Marion Bocquet,&nbsp;Sara Fleury,&nbsp;Frédérique Rémy,&nbsp;Fanny Piras","doi":"10.1029/2023JC020848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020848","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both Arctic and Antarctic sea ice are affected by climate change. While Arctic sea ice has been declining for several decades, Antarctic sea ice extent slowly increased until 2015, followed by a sharp drop in 2016. Quantifying sea ice changes is essential to assess their impacts on the ocean, atmosphere, ecosystems and Arctic communities. In this study, we combine sea ice thickness estimates from four satellite radar altimeters to derive the longest time series of homogeneous sea ice thickness for both hemispheres over 30 years (1994–2023). The record supports the rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic for each month of the year and the heterogeneous changes in sea ice thickness in the Antarctic. The study confirms that most of the volume variability is due to the thickness variability, which holds true for both hemispheres. The sea ice thickness time series presented here offer new insights for models, in particular the possibility to evaluate sea ice reanalyses and to initialize forecasts, especially in the Antarctic, where the data set presented here has no equivalent in terms of spatial and temporal coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023JC020848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations of Sea Ice Edge Position in the Barents and Greenland Seas: Temporal Variability and Long-Term Changes","authors":"R. Masunaga,&nbsp;Y. Komuro,&nbsp;T. Kawasaki,&nbsp;J. Ono","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sea ice edges play an essential role in the Earth's climate and weather systems through active atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions. However, our understanding of the observed positions of sea ice edges remains limited. The present study investigated, on seasonal and longer timescales from 1979 to 2023, the variability in sea ice edge positions in the Barents and Greenland Seas. We objectively derived the positions of sea ice edges based on satellite-derived sea ice concentration gridded on a 25-km resolution. In the Barents Sea, warm, narrow currents flow eastward along the northern and southern rims of the Central Bank. Until the mid-2000s, sea ice edges fluctuated between these currents interannually during December–June, depending on the surface wind direction. However, after the mid-2000s, the sea ice edges were mostly positioned near the northern current or farther to the north. Furthermore, sea ice edges during October–March were identified frequently near the warm current flowing along the continental slope in the northern Barents Sea after the mid-2000s. In the Greenland Sea, sea ice edges were typically positioned near the East Greenland Current (EGC) throughout the year until 2006. However, sea ice edges in summer were located far to the west of the EGC after 2006. These observations suggest that the geographical relationship between sea ice edges and ocean currents has changed due to global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality of Submesoscale Vertical Heat Transport Modulated by Oceanic Mesoscale Eddies in the Kuroshio Extension","authors":"Qingyue Wang,&nbsp;Changming Dong,&nbsp;Jihai Dong","doi":"10.1029/2024JC020939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC020939","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Energetic mesoscale eddies are often accompanied by strong submesoscale variability, which plays a significant role in connecting mesoscale and turbulent motions in the ocean and leads to strong vertical motions. The product of a high-resolution (1/48°) oceanic numerical model, the LLC4320, is employed to investigate the seasonal variations of vertical heat transport induced by submesoscale processes within multiple mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region. In different seasons, the submesoscale vertical heat transport exhibits a consistent upward pattern, with notably higher magnitudes observed during winter. In winter, the maxima value of submesoscale vertical heat flux (SVHF) can account for approximately 60% of the total vertical heat flux (VHF). This is equivalent to the average net sea surface heat flux in a single eddy region. In summer and autumn, the maxima absolute value of submesoscale vertical heat flux can account for approximately 30% of the total VHF. Energy analysis reveals that baroclinic instability associated with vertical buoyancy flux has a crucial effect on generating submesoscale processes within the eddy region. The submesoscale motions are influenced by the mixed layer instability, strain-induced frontogenesis, turbulent thermal wind and turbulent thermal wind-induced frontogenesis within the upper mixed layer, while they are largely associated with the strain-induced frontogenesis in the ocean interior. Furthermore, the upward low-frequency submesoscale vertical heat transport is generated by submesoscale secondary circulation at eddy peripheries.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submesoscale Processes in the Northern Red Sea: Insights From Underwater Glider Observations","authors":"Fushuo Chu,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yu,&nbsp;George Krokos,&nbsp;Ibrahim Hoteit,&nbsp;Khaled Asfahani,&nbsp;Peng Zhan","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The critical role of oceanic submesoscale currents in promoting energy cascade and modulating biogeochemical processes as well as the heat budget in the upper ocean has gained wide recognition. Although high-resolution numerical simulations have enabled qualitative investigation of the spatiotemporal variability of submesoscale processes in the north Red Sea (NRS), observational evidence remains scarce. This study investigated the submesoscale processes in the NRS through field observations of underwater gliders. High-resolution glider and satellite observation data sets reveal the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of submesoscale fronts and deepen mixed layer depth during winter. Diagnosis of potential vorticity (PV) and classifications of submesoscale instabilities demonstrate conducive conditions for the mixed layer baroclinic, gravitational, and symmetric instability. The significant negative PV induced by atmospheric cooling associated with robust fronts promotes the development of submesoscale processes. Combining the Omega equation with biogeochemical observations suggests that coherent pathways via submesoscale processes lead to the vertical transport of biomass and oxygen patches, supplying nutrients into the euphotic layer and ventilating hypoxic waters at depths. These results demonstrate the fundamental role of submesoscale processes in the ocean dynamics of the NRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Linkages Between Submarine Groundwater (Fresh and Saline) Nutrient Inputs and Eutrophication in a Coastal Aquaculture Bay","authors":"Cheng Xu,&nbsp;Xilong Wang,&nbsp;Fenfen Zhang,&nbsp;Yanlin Lao,&nbsp;Jianan Liu,&nbsp;Jinzhou Du","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays a crucial role in nutrient budgets of coastal systems, encompassing both submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD) and recirculated saline groundwater discharge (RSGD). Despite its significance, the specific importance of these components in mariculture bays has not been thoroughly assessed. Here, utilizing Ra isotopes and water-salt mass balance model, we show that SFGD flux (1.1 ± 0.4 cm d⁻¹) represented only 17% of the SGD in the Zhenzhu Bay, a typical mariculture bay along the South China Sea. Interestingly, the nutrient contribution from SFGD surpassed that from RSGD, accounting for 82% of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) flux within the SGD. Analysis of the monthly satellite Chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (Chl-<i>a</i>) data confirmed that the decline in phytoplankton biomass can be linked to the limited dissolved silicate (DSi) transported by SFGD. Additionally, the elevated nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (241:1) and reduced silicon to nitrogen ratio (0.5:1) in SFGD compared to the Redfield ratio suggested that SFGD characterized by nitrogen excess and silica deficient, which likely played a role in transitioning from biogenic element constraints in coastal water. This shift may impact the proportions and functionality of the phytoplankton community, potentially mitigating water eutrophication. These findings underscore the significant influence of SGD on nutrient dynamics and the ecological environment in the Zhenzhu Bay.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Variability of Phytoplankton Primary Production in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Japan Sea Using Ocean Color Remote Sensing","authors":"Dabin Lee,&nbsp;Dong-Hun Lee,&nbsp;Huitae Joo,&nbsp;Hyo Keun Jang,&nbsp;Sanghoon Park,&nbsp;Yejin Kim,&nbsp;Sungjun Kim,&nbsp;Jaesoon Kim,&nbsp;Myeongseop Kim,&nbsp;Jae-Il Kwon,&nbsp;Sang Heon Lee","doi":"10.1029/2024JC020898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC020898","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, significant changes in environmental conditions and marine ecosystems have been observed in the East Sea/Japan Sea. This study investigates the long-term environmental dynamics and phytoplankton responses in the Ulleung Basin, situated in the southwestern East Sea/Japan Sea, utilizing satellite and in situ data from 2002 to 2021. Over this period, there was a noticeable increase in sea surface temperature (SST) (<i>r</i> = 0.5739, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), accompanied by decreasing mixed layer depth (MLD) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration (<i>r</i> = −0.6193 and −0.6721, respectively; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Nutrient concentrations within the upper 50 m significantly declined for nitrate and phosphate. A reduction in the N:P ratio indicated a shift from phosphorus-limited to nitrogen-limited environment. Moreover, primary production (PP) demonstrated a decreasing trend (<i>r</i> = −0.5840, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), coinciding with an increase in small phytoplankton contribution (<i>r</i> = 0.6399, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Rising SST potentially altered the water column's vertical structure, hindering nutrient entrainment from the deep ocean. Consequently, this nutrient limitation may increase small phytoplankton contribution, resulting in a decline in total PP. Under the IPCC's SSP5-8.5 scenario, small phytoplankton contribution in the Ulleung Basin is projected to rise by over 10%, resulting in a 29% average PP decrease by 2100. This suggests a diminishing energy supply to the food web in a warming ocean, impacting higher trophic levels and major fishery resources. These findings emphasize the critical need for understanding and monitoring these environmental shifts for effective fisheries management and marine ecosystem conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC020898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRACE Satellite Observations of Antarctic Bottom Water Transport Variability","authors":"Jemma Jeffree,&nbsp;Andrew McC. Hogg,&nbsp;Adele K. Morrison,&nbsp;Aviv Solodoch,&nbsp;Andrew L. Stewart,&nbsp;Rebecca McGirr","doi":"10.1029/2024JC020990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC020990","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation and transport constitute a key component of the global ocean circulation. Direct observations suggest that AABW volumes and transport rates may be decreasing, but these observations are too temporally or spatially sparse to determine the cause. To address this problem, we develop a new method to reconstruct AABW transport variability using data from the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite mission. We use an ocean general circulation model to investigate the relationship between ocean bottom pressure and AABW: we calculate both of these quantities in the model, and link them using a regularized linear regression. Our reconstruction from modeled ocean bottom pressure can capture 65%–90% of modeled AABW transport variability, depending on the ocean basin. When realistic observational uncertainty values are added to the modeled ocean bottom pressure, the reconstruction can still capture 30%–80% of AABW transport variability. Using the same regression values, the reconstruction skill is within the same range in a second, independent, general circulation model. We conclude that our reconstruction method is not unique to the model in which it was developed and can be applied to GRACE satellite observations of ocean bottom pressure. These advances allow us to create the first global reconstruction of AABW transport variability over the satellite era. Our reconstruction provides information on the interannual variability of AABW transport, but more accurate observations are needed to discern AABW transport trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Oceanography and Antarctic Bottom Water Formation Offshore Cape Darnley, East Antarctica","authors":"Sienna N. Blanckensee,&nbsp;David E. Gwyther,&nbsp;Ben K. Galton-Fenzi,&nbsp;Kathryn L. Gunn,&nbsp;Laura Herraiz-Borreguero,&nbsp;Kay I. Ohshima,&nbsp;Esther Portela,&nbsp;Alexandra L. Post,&nbsp;Helen C. Bostock","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021251","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is the densest water mass in the world and drives the lower limb of the global thermohaline circulation. AABW is formed in only four regions around Antarctica and Cape Darnley, East Antarctica, is the most recently discovered formation region. Here, we compile 40 years of oceanographic data for this region to provide the climatological oceanographic conditions, and review the water mass properties and their role in AABW formation. We split the region into three sectors (East, Central and West) and identify the main water masses, current regimes and their influence on the formation of Cape Darnley Bottom Water (CDBW). In the eastern sector, Prydz Bay, the formation of Ice Shelf Water preconditions the water (cold and fresh) that flows into the central sector to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 <mn>68.5</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} 68.5{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>E, enhancing sea ice production in Cape Darnley Polynya. This produces a high salinity variant of Dense Shelf Water (DSW) (up to 35.15 g/kg) that we coin Burton Basin DSW. In contrast, the western sector of the Cape Darnley Polynya produces a low salinity variant (up to 34.85 g/kg) we coin Nielsen Basin DSW. The resultant combined CDBW is the warmest (upper temperature bound of 0.05<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>C) AABW formed around Antarctica with an upper bound salinity of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>34.845 g/kg. Our findings will contribute to planning future observing systems at Cape Darnley, determining the role that CDBW plays in our global oceanic and climate systems, and modeling past and future climate scenarios.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"129 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}