Neurophotonics最新文献

{"title":"Multimode fiber endoscopes for computational brain imaging.","authors":"Lyubov V Amitonova","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.S1.S11509","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.S1.S11509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in imaging tools have always been a pivotal driver for new discoveries in neuroscience. An ability to visualize neurons and subcellular structures deep within the brain of a freely behaving animal is integral to our understanding of the relationship between neural activity and higher cognitive functions. However, fast high-resolution imaging is limited to sub-surface brain regions and generally requires head fixation of the animal under the microscope. Developing new approaches to address these challenges is critical. The last decades have seen rapid progress in minimally invasive endo-microscopy techniques based on bare optical fibers. A single multimode fiber can be used to penetrate deep into the brain without causing significant damage to the overlying structures and provide high-resolution imaging. Here, we discuss how the full potential of high-speed super-resolution fiber endoscopy can be realized by a holistic approach that combines fiber optics, light shaping, and advanced computational algorithms. The recent progress opens up new avenues for minimally invasive deep brain studies in freely behaving mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 Suppl 1","pages":"S11509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10917391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detectability of hemodynamic oscillations in cerebral cortex through functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a simulation study.","authors":"Letizia Contini, Caterina Amendola, Davide Contini, Alessandro Torricelli, Lorenzo Spinelli, Rebecca Re","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Significance: &lt;/strong&gt;We explore the feasibility of using time-domain (TD) and continuous-wave (CW) functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to monitor brain hemodynamic oscillations during resting-state activity in humans, a phenomenon that is of increasing interest in the scientific and medical community and appears to be crucial to advancing the understanding of both healthy and pathological brain functioning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Our general object is to maximize fNIRS sensitivity to brain resting-state oscillations. More specifically, we aim to define comprehensive guidelines for optimizing main operational parameters in fNIRS measurements [average photon count rate, measurement length, sampling frequency, and source-detector distance (SSD)]. In addition, we compare TD and CW fNIRS performance for the detection and localization of oscillations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Approach: &lt;/strong&gt;A series of synthetic TD and CW fNIRS signals were generated by exploiting the solution of the diffusion equation for two different geometries of the probed medium: a homogeneous medium and a bilayer medium. Known and periodical perturbations of the concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin were imposed in the medium, determining changes in its optical properties. The homogeneous slab model was used to determine the effect of multiple measurement parameters on fNIRS sensitivity to oscillatory phenomena, and the bilayer model was used to evaluate and compare the abilities of TD and CW fNIRS in detecting and isolating oscillations occurring at different depths. For TD fNIRS, two approaches to enhance depth-selectivity were evaluated: first, a time-windowing of the photon distribution of time-of-flight was performed, and then, the time-dependent mean partial pathlength (TMPP) method was used to retrieve the hemoglobin concentrations in the medium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the homogeneous medium case, the sensitivity of TD and CW fNIRS to periodical perturbations of the optical properties increases proportionally with the average photon count rate, the measurement length, and the sampling frequency and approximatively with the square of the SSD. In the bilayer medium case, the time-windowing method can detect and correctly localize the presence of oscillatory components in the TD fNIRS signal, even in the presence of very low photon count rates. The TMPP method demonstrates how to correctly retrieve the periodical variation of hemoglobin at different depths from the TD fNIRS signal acquired at a single SSD. For CW fNIRS, measurements taken at typical SSDs used for short-separation channel regression show notable sensitivity to oscillations occurring in the deep layer, challenging the assumptions underlying this correction method when the focus is on analyzing oscillatory phenomena.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;We demonstrated that the TD fNIRS technique allows for the detection and depth-localization of periodical fluctuations of ","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-loop experiments and brain machine interfaces with multiphoton microscopy.","authors":"Riichiro Hira","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033405","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of neuroscience, the importance of constructing closed-loop experimental systems has increased in conjunction with technological advances in measuring and controlling neural activity in live animals. We provide an overview of recent technological advances in the field, focusing on closed-loop experimental systems where multiphoton microscopy-the only method capable of recording and controlling targeted population activity of neurons at a single-cell resolution <i>in vivo</i>-works through real-time feedback. Specifically, we present some examples of brain machine interfaces (BMIs) using <i>in vivo</i> two-photon calcium imaging and discuss applications of two-photon optogenetic stimulation and adaptive optics to real-time BMIs. We also consider conditions for realizing future optical BMIs at the synaptic level, and their possible roles in understanding the computational principles of the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"033405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Never bored!","authors":"Anna Devor","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.030101","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.030101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurophotonics Editor-in-Chief Anna Devor reflects on the wonderful feeling of inspiration in the neurophotonic community.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"030101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encoding of self-initiated actions in axon terminals of the mesocortical pathway.","authors":"Makoto Ohtake, Kenta Abe, Masashi Hasegawa, Takahide Itokazu, Vihashini Selvakumar, Ashley Matunis, Emma Stacy, Emily Froeblich, Nathan Huynh, Haesuk Lee, Yuki Kambe, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Tatsuo K Sato, Takashi R Sato","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033408","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The initiation of goal-directed actions is a complex process involving the medial prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic inputs through the mesocortical pathway. However, it is unclear what information the mesocortical pathway conveys and how it impacts action initiation. In this study, we unveiled the indispensable role of mesocortical axon terminals in encoding the execution of movements in self-initiated actions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the role of mesocortical axon terminals in encoding the execution of movements in self-initiated actions.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We designed a lever-press task in which mice internally determine the timing of the press, receiving a larger reward for longer waiting periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that self-initiated actions depend on dopaminergic signaling mediated by D2 receptors, whereas sensory-triggered lever-press actions do not involve D2 signaling. Microprism-mediated two-photon calcium imaging further demonstrated ramping activity in mesocortical axon terminals approximately 0.5 s before the self-initiated lever press. Remarkably, the ramping patterns remained consistent whether the mice responded to cues immediately for a smaller reward or held their response for a larger reward.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that mesocortical dopamine axon terminals encode the timing of self-initiated actions, shedding light on a crucial aspect of the intricate neural mechanisms governing goal-directed behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"033408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11080647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible circuit-based spatially aware modular optical brain imaging system for high-density measurements in natural settings.","authors":"Edward Xu, Morris Vanegas, Miguel Mireles, Artem Dementyev, Ashlyn McCann, Meryem Yücel, Stefan Carp, Qianqian Fang","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents an opportunity to study human brains in everyday activities and environments. However, achieving robust measurements under such dynamic conditions remains a significant challenge.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The modular optical brain imaging (MOBI) system is designed to enhance optode-to-scalp coupling and provide a real-time probe three-dimensional (3D) shape estimation to improve the use of fNIRS in everyday conditions.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The MOBI system utilizes a bendable and lightweight modular circuit-board design to enhance probe conformity to head surfaces and comfort for long-term wearability. Combined with automatic module connection recognition, the built-in orientation sensors on each module can be used to estimate optode 3D positions in real time to enable advanced tomographic data analysis and motion tracking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optical characterization of the MOBI detector reports a noise equivalence power of 8.9 and <math><mrow><mn>7.3</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>pW</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msqrt><mrow><mi>Hz</mi></mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </math> at 735 and 850 nm, respectively, with a dynamic range of 88 dB. The 3D optode shape acquisition yields an average error of 4.2 mm across 25 optodes in a phantom test compared with positions acquired from a digitizer. Results for initial <i>in vivo</i> validations, including a cuff occlusion and a finger-tapping test, are also provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, the MOBI system is the first modular fNIRS system featuring fully flexible circuit boards. The self-organizing module sensor network and automatic 3D optode position acquisition, combined with lightweight modules ( <math><mrow><mn>18</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>g</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mtext>module</mtext></mrow> </math> ) and ergonomic designs, would greatly aid emerging explorations of brain function in naturalistic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical constraints on two-photon voltage imaging.","authors":"F Phil Brooks, Hunter C Davis, J David Wong-Campos, Adam E Cohen","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035007","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are a valuable tool for studying neural circuits <i>in vivo</i>, but the relative merits and limitations of one-photon (1P) versus two-photon (2P) voltage imaging are not well characterized.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We consider the optical and biophysical constraints particular to 1P and 2P voltage imaging and compare the imaging properties of commonly used GEVIs under 1P and 2P excitation.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We measure the brightness and voltage sensitivity of voltage indicators from commonly used classes under 1P and 2P illumination. We also measure the decrease in fluorescence as a function of depth in the mouse brain. We develop a simple model of the number of measurable cells as a function of reporter properties, imaging parameters, and desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We then discuss how the performance of voltage imaging would be affected by sensor improvements and by recently introduced advanced imaging modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with 1P excitation, 2P excitation requires <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> -fold more illumination power per cell to produce similar photon count rates. For voltage imaging with JEDI-2P in the mouse cortex with a target SNR of 10 (spike height to baseline shot noise), a measurement bandwidth of 1 kHz, a thermally limited laser power of 200 mW, and an imaging depth of <math><mrow><mo>></mo> <mn>300</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> , 2P voltage imaging using an 80-MHz source can record from no more than <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>12</mn></mrow> </math> neurons simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the stringent photon-count requirements of voltage imaging and the modest voltage sensitivity of existing reporters, 2P voltage imaging <i>in vivo</i> faces a stringent tradeoff between shot noise and tissue photodamage. 2P imaging of hundreds of neurons with high SNR at a depth of <math><mrow><mo>></mo> <mn>300</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> will require either major improvements in 2P GEVIs or qualitatively new approaches to imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widefield <i>in vivo</i> imaging system with two fluorescence and two reflectance channels, a single sCMOS detector, and shielded illumination.","authors":"Patrick R Doran, Natalie Fomin-Thunemann, Rockwell P Tang, Dora Balog, Bernhard Zimmerman, Kıvılcım Kılıç, Emily A Martin, Sreekanth Kura, Harrison P Fisher, Grace Chabbott, Joel Herbert, Bradley C Rauscher, John X Jiang, Sava Sakadzic, David A Boas, Anna Devor, Ichun Anderson Chen, Martin Thunemann","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034310","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Widefield microscopy of the entire dorsal part of mouse cerebral cortex enables large-scale (\"mesoscopic\") imaging of different aspects of neuronal activity with spectrally compatible fluorescent indicators as well as hemodynamics via oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin absorption. Versatile and cost-effective imaging systems are needed for large-scale, color-multiplexed imaging of multiple fluorescent and intrinsic contrasts.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a system for mesoscopic imaging of two fluorescent and two reflectance channels.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Excitation of red and green fluorescence is achieved through epi-illumination. Hemoglobin absorption imaging is achieved using 525- and 625-nm light-emitting diodes positioned around the objective lens. An aluminum hemisphere placed between objective and cranial window provides diffuse illumination of the brain. Signals are recorded sequentially by a single sCMOS detector.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate the performance of our imaging system by recording large-scale spontaneous and stimulus-evoked neuronal, cholinergic, and hemodynamic activity in awake, head-fixed mice with a curved \"crystal skull\" window expressing the red calcium indicator jRGECO1a and the green acetylcholine sensor <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>GRAB</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>ACh</mi> <mn>3.0</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> . Shielding of illumination light through the aluminum hemisphere enables concurrent recording of pupil diameter changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our widefield microscope design with a single camera can be used to acquire multiple aspects of brain physiology and is compatible with behavioral readouts of pupil diameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"034310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11177117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebrate behavioral thermoregulation: knowledge and future directions.","authors":"Bradley Cutler, Martin Haesemeyer","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033409","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoregulation is critical for survival across species. In animals, the nervous system detects external and internal temperatures, integrates this information with internal states, and ultimately forms a decision on appropriate thermoregulatory actions. Recent work has identified critical molecules and sensory and motor pathways controlling thermoregulation. However, especially with regard to behavioral thermoregulation, many open questions remain. Here, we aim to both summarize the current state of research, the \"knowledge,\" as well as what in our mind is still largely missing, the \"future directions.\" Given the host of circuit entry points that have been discovered, we specifically see that the time is ripe for a neuro-computational perspective on thermoregulation. Such a perspective is largely lacking but is increasingly fueled and made possible by the development of advanced tools and modeling strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"033409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11105118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OpenSTED: open-source dynamic intensity minimum system for stimulated emission depletion microscopy.","authors":"Stephanie A Pierce, Jordan Jacobelli, Katherine S Given, Wendy B Macklin, Juliet T Gopinath, Mark E Siemens, Diego Restrepo, Emily A Gibson","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034311","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Stimulated emission depletion (STED) is a powerful super-resolution microscopy technique that can be used for imaging live cells. However, the high STED laser powers can cause significant photobleaching and sample damage in sensitive biological samples. The dynamic intensity minimum (DyMIN) technique turns on the STED laser only in regions of the sample where there is fluorescence signal, thus saving significant sample photobleaching. The reduction in photobleaching allows higher resolution images to be obtained and longer time-lapse imaging of live samples. A stand-alone module to perform DyMIN is not available commercially.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this work, we developed an open-source design to implement three-step DyMIN on a STED microscope and demonstrated reduced photobleaching for timelapse imaging of beads, cells, and tissue.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The DyMIN system uses a fast multiplexer circuit and inexpensive field-programmable gate array controlled by Labview software that operates as a stand-alone module for a STED microscope. All software and circuit diagrams are freely available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared time-lapse images of bead samples using our custom DyMIN system to conventional STED and recorded a <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>46</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> higher signal when using DyMIN after a 50-image sequence. We further demonstrated the DyMIN system for time-lapse STED imaging of live cells and brain tissue slices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our open-source DyMIN system is an inexpensive add-on to a conventional STED microscope that can reduce photobleaching. The system can significantly improve signal to noise for dynamic time-lapse STED imaging of live samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"034311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}