Neurophotonics最新文献

{"title":"Cortical functional connectivity and topology based on complex network graph theory analysis during acute pain stimuli.","authors":"Yijing Luo, Jiaohao Du, Fanfu Fang, Ping Shi","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to investigate alterations in the topological organization of functional brain networks in acute pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 29 capsaicin group (CAP) and 19 sham controls (Sham) underwent a 10-min resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy scan. The CAP group applied capsaicin cream (0.1%) to the lower back, whereas the Sham group applied a hand cream without capsaicin ingredients to the same area. All subjects were healthy individuals prior to the experiment and did not report any pain or other medical history. The pain in the CAP was only caused by the topical application of capsaicin. Each subject was asked to complete a numerical rating scale. Graph theory-based analysis was used to construct functional connectivity (FC) matrices and extract the features of small-world networks of the brain in both groups. Then, FC differences in the prefrontal cortex were characterized by statistical analysis, and the altered brain features were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with Sham, CAP had impaired functions in short- and long-distance connectivity ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ). In particular, there was a greatly significant difference in connectivity associated with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ldlpfc) (CAP versus Sham: <math><mrow><mn>0.80</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.02</mn></mrow> </math> versus <math><mrow><mn>0.70</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.0001</mn></mrow> </math> ). Global efficiency, local efficiency, and small worldness were significantly lower in the topological parameters in CAP than in Sham (CAP versus Sham: <math><mrow><mn>0.172</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.018</mn></mrow> </math> versus <math><mrow><mn>0.191</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.015</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3.758</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0005</mn></mrow> </math> ; <math><mrow><mn>0.253</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.012</mn></mrow> </math> versus <math><mrow><mn>0.283</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.012</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8.209</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.0001</mn></mrow> </math> ; <math><mrow><mn>0.526</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.031</mn></mrow> </math> versus <math><mrow><mn>0.628</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.082</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3.856</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0009</mn></mrow> </math> ). At the regional level, there were deficits in nodal efficiency within the medial prefrontal cortex and ldlpfc (CAP versus Sham: <math><mrow><mn>0.156</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.081</mn></mrow> </math> versus <math><mrow><mn>0.175</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.067</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.305</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0257</mn></mrow> </math> ; <math><mrow><mn>0.169</mn> <m","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NINFA: Non-commercial interface for neuro-feedback acquisitions.","authors":"Costanza Iester, Clint Banzhaf, Ahmed Eldably, Betti Schopp, Andreas J Fallgatter, Laura Bonzano, Marco Bove, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Beatrix Barth","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.026601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.026601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>In recent years, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has gained increasing attention in the field of neurofeedback. However, there is a lack of freely accessible tools for research in this area that reflect the state of the art in research and technology.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To address this need, we introduce Non-commercial Interface for Neuro-Feedback Acquisitions (NINFA), a user-friendly and flexible freely available neurofeedback application for real-time fNIRS, which is also open to other modalities such as electroencephalography (EEG).</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>NINFA was developed in MATLAB and the lab streaming layer connection offers maximum flexibility in terms of combination with different fNIRS or EEG acquisition software and hardware.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The user-friendly interface allows measurements without requiring programming expertise. New neurofeedback protocols can be easily created, saved, and retrieved. We provide an example code for real-time data preprocessing and visual feedback; however, users can customize or expand it with appropriate programming skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NINFA enables real-time recording, analysis, and feedback of brain signals. We were able to demonstrate the stability and reliability of the computational performance of preprocessing and analysis methods in the current version. NINFA is intended as an application that can, should, and may evolve with the help of contributions from the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"026601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressive streak microscopy for fast sampling of fluorescent reporters of neural activity.","authors":"Changjia Cai, Owen Traubert, Jovan Tormes-Vaquerano, M Hossein Eybposh, Srinivas C Turaga, Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera, Eva A Naumann, Nicolas C Pégard","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025013","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong><i>In vivo</i> one-photon fluorescence imaging of calcium and voltage indicators expressed in neurons enables noninvasive recordings of neural activity with submillisecond precision. However, data acquisition speed is limited by the frame rate of cameras.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We developed a compressive streak fluorescence microscope to record fluorescence in individual neurons at high speeds ( <math><mrow><mo>≥</mo> <mn>200</mn></mrow> </math> frames per second) exceeding the nominal frame rate of the camera by trading off spatial pixels for temporal resolution.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Our microscope leverages a digital micromirror device for targeted illumination, a galvo mirror for temporal scanning, and a ridge regression algorithm for fast computational reconstruction of fluorescence traces with high temporal resolution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In simulations, the ridge regression algorithm reconstructs traces of high temporal resolution with limited signal loss. Validation experiments with fluorescent beads and experiments in larval zebrafish demonstrate accurate reconstruction with a data compression ratio of 10 and accurate recordings of neural activity with 200- to 400-Hz sampling speeds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our compressive microscopy enables new experimental capabilities to monitor activity at a sampling speed that outpaces the nominal frame rate of the camera.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon transport through the entire adult human head.","authors":"Jack Radford, Vytautas Gradauskas, Kevin J Mitchell, Samuel Nerenberg, Ilya Starshynov, Daniele Faccio","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025014","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The highly scattering nature of near-infrared light in human tissue makes it challenging to collect photons using source-detector separations larger than several centimeters. The limits of detectability of light transmitted through the head remain unknown. Detecting photons in the extreme case through an entire adult head explores the limits of photon transport in the brain.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We explore the physical limits of photon transport in the head in the extreme case wherein the source and detector are diametrically opposite.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Simulations uncover possible migration pathways of photons from source to detector. We compare simulations with time-resolved photon counting experiments that measure pulsed light transmitted through the head.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observe good agreement between the peak delay time and width of the time-correlated histograms in experiments and simulations. Analysis of the photon migration pathways indicates sensitivity to regions of the brain well beyond accepted limits. Source repositioning can isolate sensitivity to targeted regions of the brain, including under the cerebrum.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We overcome attenuation of <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>18</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> and detect photons transmitted through an entire adult human head for a subject with fair skin and no hair. Photons measured in this regime explore regions of the brain currently inaccessible with noninvasive optical brain imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining artifact-corrected signals in fiber photometry via isosbestic signals, robust regression, and dF/F calculations.","authors":"Luke J Keevers, Philip Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025003","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Fiber photometry is a powerful tool for neuroscience. However, measured biosensor signals are contaminated by various artifacts (photobleaching and movement-related noise) that undermine analysis and interpretation. Currently, no universal pipeline exists to deal with these artifacts.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to evaluate approaches for obtaining artifact-corrected neural dynamic signals from fiber photometry data and provide recommendations for photometry analysis pipelines.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Using simulated and real photometry data, we tested the effects of three key analytical decisions: choice of regression for fitting isosbestic control signals onto experimental signals [ordinary least squares (OLS) versus iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS)], low-pass filtering, and dF/F versus dF calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IRLS surpassed OLS regression for fitting isosbestic control signals to experimental signals. We also demonstrate the efficacy of low-pass filtering signals and baseline normalization via dF/F calculations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that artifact-correcting experimental signals via low-pass filter, IRLS regression, and dF/F calculations is a superior approach to commonly used alternatives. We suggest these as a new standard for preprocessing signals across photometry analysis pipelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneath the surface: revealing deep-tissue blood flow in human subjects with massively parallelized diffuse correlation spectroscopy.","authors":"Lucas Kreiss, Melissa Wu, Michael Wayne, Shiqi Xu, Paul McKee, Derrick Dwamena, Kanghyun Kim, Kyung Chul Lee, Kyle R Cowdrick, Wenhui Liu, Arin Ülkü, Mark Harfouche, Xi Yang, Clare Cook, Seung Ah Lee, Erin Buckley, Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Huettel, Roarke Horstmeyer","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) allows label-free, non-invasive investigation of microvascular dynamics deep within tissue, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in DCS limits its effective cerebral sensitivity in adults, in which the depth to the brain, through the scalp and skull, is substantially larger than in infants.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Therefore, we aim to increase its SNR and, ultimately, its sensitivity to CBF through new DCS techniques.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We present an <i>in vivo</i> demonstration of parallelized DCS (PDCS) to measure cerebral and muscular blood flow in healthy adults. Our setup employs an innovative array with hundreds of thousands single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) in a <math><mrow><mn>500</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>500</mn></mrow> </math> grid to boost SNR by averaging all independent pixel measurements. We tested this device on different total pixel counts and frame rates. A secondary, smaller array was used for reference measurements from shallower tissue at lower source-detector-separation (SDS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The new system can measure pulsatile blood flow in cerebral and muscular tissue, at up to 4 cm SDS, while maintaining a similar measurement noise as compared with a previously published <math><mrow><mn>32</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>32</mn></mrow> </math> PDCS system at 1.5 cm SDS. Data from a cohort of 15 adults provide strong experimental evidence for functional CBF activity during a cognitive memory task and allowed analysis of pulse markers. Additional control experiments on muscular blood flow in the forearm with a different technical configuration provide converging evidence for the efficacy of this technique.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results outline successful PDCS measurements with large SPAD arrays to enable detect CBF in human adults. The ongoing development of SPAD camera technology is expected to result in larger and faster detectors in the future. In combination with new data processing techniques, tailored for the sparse signal of binary photon detection events in SPADs, this could lead to even greater SNR increase and ultimately greater depth sensitivity of PDCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundry-fabricated dual-color nanophotonic neural probes for photostimulation and electrophysiological recording.","authors":"David A Roszko, Fu-Der Chen, John Straguzzi, Hannes Wahn, Alec Xu, Blaine McLaughlin, Xinxin Yin, Hongyao Chua, Xianshu Luo, Guo-Qiang Lo, Joshua H Siegle, Joyce K S Poon, Wesley D Sacher","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Compact tools capable of delivering multicolor optogenetic stimulation to deep tissue targets with sufficient span, spatiotemporal resolution, and optical power remain challenging to realize. Here, we demonstrate foundry-fabricated nanophotonic neural probes for blue and red photostimulation and electrophysiological recording, which use a combination of spatial multiplexing and on-shank wavelength demultiplexing to increase the number of on-shank emitters.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We demonstrate silicon (Si) photonic neural probes with 26 photonic channels and 26 recording sites, which were fabricated on 200-mm diameter wafers at a commercial Si photonics foundry. Each photonic channel consists of an on-shank demultiplexer and separate grating coupler emitters for blue and red light, for a total of 52 emitters.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We evaluate neural probe functionality through bench measurements and <i>in vivo</i> experiments by photostimulating through 16 of the available 26 emitter pairs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report neural probe electrode impedances, optical transmission, and beam profiles. We validated a packaged neural probe in optogenetic experiments with mice sensitive to blue or red photostimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our foundry-fabricated nanophotonic neural probe demonstrates dense dual-color emitter integration on a single shank for targeted photostimulation. Given its two emission wavelengths, high emitter density, and long site span, this probe will facilitate experiments involving bidirectional circuit manipulations across both shallow and deep structures simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of cortical state-based learning in infants in a functional near-infrared spectroscopy paradigm.","authors":"Mohinish Shukla, Anna Martinez-Alvarez, Judit Gervain","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025005","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Learning can be context-dependent, with better outcomes under some circumstances than others. Adult functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that learning outcomes vary as a function of participants' brain states-patterns of intrinsic neural activity-prior to the learning task. Whether this is also the case in young infants is currently unknown. We report the first functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study that shows prior brain state-dependent learning in a language task in 6.5-month-old infants. Babies whose functional connectivity was lower in the right hemisphere, but not in the left, during a 2-min period prior to the task learned better a grammatical regularity in an artificial grammar learning task.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Adult neuroimaging studies have shown that variability in brain states immediately before specific learning tasks is correlated with variability in learning outcomes. Whether the developing infant brain also shows similar state-based learning is currently unknown.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We have explored whether 6.5-month-old infants' ability to learn artificial grammar was related to their brain state during a 2-min baseline period of rest prior to the grammar task. We have asked if functional connectivity, a global metric of the cortical brain state, as measured by fNIRS, is correlated with learning a non-adjacent regularity in the artificial grammar task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have found that the overall level of functional connectivity in the 2-min period immediately prior to the learning experience is negatively correlated with the fNIRS measure of learning in the right hemisphere but not in the left.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We show for the first time that the cortical state of an infant immediately prior to a learning experience determines how well that infant learns and that this can account for some of the variability in learning outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fNIRS glossary project: a consensus-based resource for functional near-infrared spectroscopy terminology.","authors":"Katharina Stute, Louisa K Gossé, Samuel Montero-Hernandez, Guy A Perkins, Meryem A Yücel, Simone Cutini, Turgut Durduran, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Marco Ferrari, Judit Gervain, Rickson C Mesquita, Felipe Orihuela-Espina, Valentina Quaresima, Felix Scholkmann, Ilias Tachtsidis, Alessandro Torricelli, Heidrun Wabnitz, Arjun G Yodh, Stefan A Carp, Hamid Dehghani, Qianqian Fang, Sergio Fantini, Yoko Hoshi, Haijing Niu, Hellmuth Obrig, Franziska Klein, Christina Artemenko, Aahana Bajracharya, Beatrix Barth, Christian Bartkowski, Lénac Borot, Chiara Bulgarelli, David R Busch, Malgorzata Chojak, Jason M DeFreitas, Laura Diprossimo, Thomas Dresler, Aykut Eken, Mahmoud M Elsherif, Lauren L Emberson, Anna Exner, Talukdar Raian Ferdous, Abigail Fiske, Samuel H Forbes, Jessica Gemignani, Christian Gerloff, Ségolène M R Guérin, Edgar Guevara, Antonia F de C Hamilton, S M Hadi Hosseini, Divya Jain, Anastasia N Kerr-German, Haiyan Kong, Agnes Kroczek, Jason K Longhurst, Michael Lührs, Rob J MacLennan, David M A Mehler, Kimberly L Meidenbauer, David Moreau, Murat C Mutlu, Renato Orti, Ishara Paranawithana, Paola Pinti, Ali Rahimpour Jounghani, Vanessa Reindl, Nicholas A Ross, Sara Sanchez-Alonso, Oliver Seidel-Marzi, Mohinish Shukla, Syed A Usama, Musa Talati, Grégoire Vergotte, M Atif Yaqub, Chia-Chuan Yu, Hanieh Zainodini","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.027801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.027801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>A shared understanding of terminology is essential for clear scientific communication and minimizing misconceptions. This is particularly challenging in rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary domains that utilize functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), where researchers come from diverse backgrounds and apply their expertise in fields such as engineering, neuroscience, and psychology.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The fNIRS Glossary Project was established to develop a community-sourced glossary covering key fNIRS terms, including those related to the continuous-wave (CW), frequency-domain (FD), and time-domain (TD) NIRS techniques.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The glossary was collaboratively developed by a diverse group of 76 fNIRS researchers, representing a wide range of career stages (from PhD students to experts) and disciplines. This collaborative process, structured across five phases, ensured the glossary's depth and comprehensiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The glossary features over 300 terms categorized into six key domains: analysis, experimental design, hardware, neuroscience, mathematics, and physics. It also includes abbreviations, symbols, synonyms, references, alternative definitions, and figures where relevant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fNIRS glossary provides a community-sourced resource that facilitates education and effective scientific communication within the fNIRS community and related fields. By lowering barriers to learning and engaging with fNIRS, the glossary is poised to benefit a broad spectrum of researchers, including those with limited access to educational resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"027801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-cost FPGA-based approach for pile-up corrected high-speed <i>in vivo</i> FLIM imaging.","authors":"Felipe Velasquez Moros, Dorian Amiet, Rachel M Meister, Alexandra von Faber-Castell, Matthias Wyss, Aiman S Saab, Paul Zbinden, Bruno Weber, Luca Ravotto","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Intensity-based two-photon microscopy is a cornerstone of neuroscience research but lacks the ability to measure concentrations, a pivotal task for longitudinal studies and quantitative comparisons. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) based on time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) can overcome those limits but suffers from \"pile-up\" distortions at high photon count rates, severely limiting acquisition speed.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We introduce the \"laser period blind time\" (LPBT) method to correct pile-up distortions in photon counting electronics, enabling reliable low-cost TCSPC-FLIM at high count rates.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Using a realistic simulation of the TCSPC data collection, we evaluated the LPBT method's performance <i>in silico</i>. The correction was then implemented on low-cost hardware based on a field programable gate array and validated using <i>in vitro</i>, <i>ex vivo</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LBPT approach achieves <math><mrow><mo><</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> error in lifetime measurements at count rates more than 10 times higher than traditional limits, allowing robust FLIM imaging of subsecond metabolite dynamics with subcellular resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We enable high-precision, cost-effective FLIM imaging at acquisition speeds comparable with state-of-the-art commercial systems, facilitating the adoption of FLIM in neuroscience and other fields of research needing robust quantitative live imaging solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 2","pages":"025009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}