Neurophotonics最新文献

{"title":"Flexible circuit-based spatially aware modular optical brain imaging system for high-density measurements in natural settings.","authors":"Edward Xu, Morris Vanegas, Miguel Mireles, Artem Dementyev, Ashlyn McCann, Meryem Yücel, Stefan Carp, Qianqian Fang","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents an opportunity to study human brains in everyday activities and environments. However, achieving robust measurements under such dynamic conditions remains a significant challenge.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The modular optical brain imaging (MOBI) system is designed to enhance optode-to-scalp coupling and provide a real-time probe three-dimensional (3D) shape estimation to improve the use of fNIRS in everyday conditions.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The MOBI system utilizes a bendable and lightweight modular circuit-board design to enhance probe conformity to head surfaces and comfort for long-term wearability. Combined with automatic module connection recognition, the built-in orientation sensors on each module can be used to estimate optode 3D positions in real time to enable advanced tomographic data analysis and motion tracking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optical characterization of the MOBI detector reports a noise equivalence power of 8.9 and <math><mrow><mn>7.3</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>pW</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msqrt><mrow><mi>Hz</mi></mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </math> at 735 and 850 nm, respectively, with a dynamic range of 88 dB. The 3D optode shape acquisition yields an average error of 4.2 mm across 25 optodes in a phantom test compared with positions acquired from a digitizer. Results for initial <i>in vivo</i> validations, including a cuff occlusion and a finger-tapping test, are also provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, the MOBI system is the first modular fNIRS system featuring fully flexible circuit boards. The self-organizing module sensor network and automatic 3D optode position acquisition, combined with lightweight modules ( <math><mrow><mn>18</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>g</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mtext>module</mtext></mrow> </math> ) and ergonomic designs, would greatly aid emerging explorations of brain function in naturalistic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical constraints on two-photon voltage imaging.","authors":"F Phil Brooks, Hunter C Davis, J David Wong-Campos, Adam E Cohen","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035007","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are a valuable tool for studying neural circuits <i>in vivo</i>, but the relative merits and limitations of one-photon (1P) versus two-photon (2P) voltage imaging are not well characterized.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We consider the optical and biophysical constraints particular to 1P and 2P voltage imaging and compare the imaging properties of commonly used GEVIs under 1P and 2P excitation.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We measure the brightness and voltage sensitivity of voltage indicators from commonly used classes under 1P and 2P illumination. We also measure the decrease in fluorescence as a function of depth in the mouse brain. We develop a simple model of the number of measurable cells as a function of reporter properties, imaging parameters, and desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We then discuss how the performance of voltage imaging would be affected by sensor improvements and by recently introduced advanced imaging modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with 1P excitation, 2P excitation requires <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> -fold more illumination power per cell to produce similar photon count rates. For voltage imaging with JEDI-2P in the mouse cortex with a target SNR of 10 (spike height to baseline shot noise), a measurement bandwidth of 1 kHz, a thermally limited laser power of 200 mW, and an imaging depth of <math><mrow><mo>></mo> <mn>300</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> , 2P voltage imaging using an 80-MHz source can record from no more than <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>12</mn></mrow> </math> neurons simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the stringent photon-count requirements of voltage imaging and the modest voltage sensitivity of existing reporters, 2P voltage imaging <i>in vivo</i> faces a stringent tradeoff between shot noise and tissue photodamage. 2P imaging of hundreds of neurons with high SNR at a depth of <math><mrow><mo>></mo> <mn>300</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> will require either major improvements in 2P GEVIs or qualitatively new approaches to imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebrate behavioral thermoregulation: knowledge and future directions.","authors":"Bradley Cutler, Martin Haesemeyer","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033409","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoregulation is critical for survival across species. In animals, the nervous system detects external and internal temperatures, integrates this information with internal states, and ultimately forms a decision on appropriate thermoregulatory actions. Recent work has identified critical molecules and sensory and motor pathways controlling thermoregulation. However, especially with regard to behavioral thermoregulation, many open questions remain. Here, we aim to both summarize the current state of research, the \"knowledge,\" as well as what in our mind is still largely missing, the \"future directions.\" Given the host of circuit entry points that have been discovered, we specifically see that the time is ripe for a neuro-computational perspective on thermoregulation. Such a perspective is largely lacking but is increasingly fueled and made possible by the development of advanced tools and modeling strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"033409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11105118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OpenSTED: open-source dynamic intensity minimum system for stimulated emission depletion microscopy.","authors":"Stephanie A Pierce, Jordan Jacobelli, Katherine S Given, Wendy B Macklin, Juliet T Gopinath, Mark E Siemens, Diego Restrepo, Emily A Gibson","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034311","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Stimulated emission depletion (STED) is a powerful super-resolution microscopy technique that can be used for imaging live cells. However, the high STED laser powers can cause significant photobleaching and sample damage in sensitive biological samples. The dynamic intensity minimum (DyMIN) technique turns on the STED laser only in regions of the sample where there is fluorescence signal, thus saving significant sample photobleaching. The reduction in photobleaching allows higher resolution images to be obtained and longer time-lapse imaging of live samples. A stand-alone module to perform DyMIN is not available commercially.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this work, we developed an open-source design to implement three-step DyMIN on a STED microscope and demonstrated reduced photobleaching for timelapse imaging of beads, cells, and tissue.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The DyMIN system uses a fast multiplexer circuit and inexpensive field-programmable gate array controlled by Labview software that operates as a stand-alone module for a STED microscope. All software and circuit diagrams are freely available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared time-lapse images of bead samples using our custom DyMIN system to conventional STED and recorded a <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>46</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> higher signal when using DyMIN after a 50-image sequence. We further demonstrated the DyMIN system for time-lapse STED imaging of live cells and brain tissue slices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our open-source DyMIN system is an inexpensive add-on to a conventional STED microscope that can reduce photobleaching. The system can significantly improve signal to noise for dynamic time-lapse STED imaging of live samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"034311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer vision-guided open-source active commutator for neural imaging in freely behaving animals.","authors":"Ibrahim Oladepo, Kapil Saxena, Daniel Surinach, Malachi Lehman, Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.034312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Recently developed miniaturized neural recording devices that can monitor and perturb neural activity in freely behaving animals have significantly expanded our knowledge of neural underpinning of complex behaviors. Most miniaturized neural interfaces require a wired connection for external power and data acquisition systems. The wires are required to be commutated through a slip ring to accommodate for twisting of the wire or tether and alleviate torsional stresses. The increased trend toward long-term continuous neural recordings has spurred efforts to realize active commutators that can sense the torsional stress and actively rotate the slip ring to alleviate torsional stresses. Current solutions however require the addition of sensing modules.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Here, we report on an active translating commutator that uses computer vision (CV) algorithms on behavioral imaging videos captured during the experiment to track the animal's position and heading direction in real time and uses this information to control the translation and rotation of a slip ring commutator to accommodate for accumulated mouse heading orientation changes and position.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The CV-guided active commutator has been extensively tested in three separate behavioral contexts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show reliable cortex-wide imaging in a mouse in an open field with a miniaturized wide-field cortical imaging device. Active commutation resulted in no changes to measured neurophysiological signals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The active commutator is fully open source, can be assembled using readily available off-the-shelf components, and is compatible with a wide variety of miniaturized neurophotonic and neurophysiology devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"034312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of pre-anastomosis cerebral microcirculation on cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome in superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery of moyamoya disease.","authors":"Wenting Zhu, Tianshu Tao, Jiachi Hong, Ruolan Li, Minghui Ma, Jianjian Zhang, Jincao Chen, Jinling Lu, Pengcheng Li","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035008","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS), characterized by neurologic deficits due to postoperative high cerebral perfusion, is a serious complication of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to clarify the importance of assessing pre-anastomosis cerebral microcirculation levels by linking the onset of CHS to pre- and post-anastomosis hemodynamics.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Intraoperative laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) measured changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional blood flow structuring (rBFS) within the cerebral cortical microcirculation of 48 adults with MMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following anastomosis, all MMD patients exhibited a significant increase in rCBF ( <math><mrow><mn>279.60</mn> <mo>%</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>120.00</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ). Changes in rCBF and rBFS showed a negative correlation with their respective baseline levels (rCBF, <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ; rBFS, <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.005</mn></mrow> </math> ). Baseline rCBF differed significantly between CHS and non-CHS groups ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0049</mn></mrow> </math> ). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for baseline rCBF was 0.753. Hemorrhagic MMD patients showed higher baseline rCBF than ischemic patients ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.036</mn></mrow> </math> ), with a marked correlation between pre- and post-anastomosis rCBF in hemorrhagic cases ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.003</mn></mrow> </math> ), whereas ischemic MMD patients did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with low levels of pre-anastomosis baseline CBF induce a dramatic increase in post-anastomosis and show a high risk of postoperative CHS.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight.","authors":"Lee Min Leong, Douglas A Storace","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033402","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.033402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are protein-based optical sensors that allow for measurements from genetically defined populations of neurons. Although <i>in vivo</i> imaging in the mammalian brain with early generation GEVIs was difficult due to poor membrane expression and low signal-to-noise ratio, newer and more sensitive GEVIs have begun to make them useful for answering fundamental questions in neuroscience. We discuss principles of imaging using GEVIs and genetically encoded calcium indicators, both useful tools for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of neuronal activity, and review some of the recent mechanistic advances that have led to GEVI improvements. We provide an overview of the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) and discuss recent studies using the GEVI ArcLight to study different cell types within the bulb using both widefield and two-photon microscopy. Specific emphasis is placed on using GEVIs to begin to study the principles of concentration coding in the OB, how to interpret the optical signals from population measurements in the <i>in vivo</i> brain, and future developments that will push the field forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"033402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10823906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mirror-assisted light-sheet microscopy: a simple upgrade to enable bi-directional sample excitation.","authors":"Asaph Zylbertal, Isaac H Bianco","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035006","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Light-sheet microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that achieves optical sectioning via selective illumination of individual sample planes. However, when the sample contains opaque or scattering tissues, the incident light sheet may not be able to uniformly excite the entire sample. For example, in the context of larval zebrafish whole-brain imaging, occlusion by the eyes prevents access to a significant portion of the brain during common implementations using unidirectional illumination.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We introduce mirror-assisted light-sheet microscopy (mLSM), a simple inexpensive method that can be implemented on existing digitally scanned light-sheet setups by adding a single optical element-a mirrored micro-prism. The prism is placed near the sample to generate a second excitation path for accessing previously obstructed regions.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Scanning the laser beam onto the mirror generates a second, reflected illumination path that circumvents the occlusion. Online tuning of the scanning and laser power waveforms enables near uniform sample excitation with dual illumination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>mLSM produces cellular-resolution images of zebrafish brain regions inaccessible to unidirectional illumination. The imaging quality in regions illuminated by the direct or reflected sheet is adjustable by translating the excitation objective. The prism does not interfere with visually guided behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mLSM presents an easy-to-implement, cost-effective way to upgrade an existing light-sheet system to obtain more imaging data from a biological sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-photon optogenetics-based assessment of neuronal connectivity in healthy and chronic hypoperfusion mice.","authors":"Masaki Yoshioka, Manami Takahashi, Jeff Kershaw, Mariko Handa, Ayaka Takada, Hiroyuki Takuwa","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.035009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Two-photon optogenetics and simultaneous calcium imaging can be used to visualize the response of surrounding neurons with respect to the activity of an optically stimulated target neuron, providing a direct method to assess neuronal connectivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a two-photon optogenetics-based method for evaluating neuronal connectivity, compare it to the existing indirect resting-state synchrony method, and investigate the application of the method to brain pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>C1V1-mScarlet was introduced into GCaMP6s-expressing transgenic mice with an adeno-associated virus. Optical stimulation of a single target neuron and simultaneous calcium imaging of the target and surrounding cells were performed. Neuronal connectivity was evaluated from the correlation between the fluorescence intensity of the target and surrounding cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The neuronal connectivity in the living brain was evaluated using two-photon optogenetics. However, resting-state synchrony was not always consistent with two-photon optogenetics-based connectivity. Comparison with neuronal synchrony measured during sensory stimulation suggested that the disagreement was due to external sensory input. Two-photon optogenetics-based connectivity significantly decreased in the common carotid artery occlusion model, whereas there was no significant change in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We successfully developed a direct method to evaluate neuronal connectivity in the living brain using two-photon optogenetics. The technique was successful in detecting connectivity impairment in hypoperfusion model mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"035009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ninjaCap: a fully customizable and 3D printable headgear for functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography brain imaging.","authors":"Alexander von Lühmann, Sreekanth Kura, Walker Joseph O'Brien, Bernhard B Zimmermann, Sudan Duwadi, De'Ja Rogers, Jessica E Anderson, Parya Farzam, Cameron Snow, Anderson Chen, Meryem A Yücel, Nathan Perkins, David A Boas","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.036601","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.3.036601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate sensor placement is vital for non-invasive brain imaging, particularly for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT), which lack standardized layouts such as those in electroencephalography (EEG). Custom, manually prepared probe layouts on textile caps are often imprecise and labor intensive. We introduce a method for creating personalized, 3D-printed headgear, enabling the accurate translation of 3D brain coordinates to 2D printable panels for custom fNIRS and EEG sensor layouts while reducing costs and manual labor. Our approach uses atlas-based or subject-specific head models and a spring-relaxation algorithm for flattening 3D coordinates onto 2D panels, using 10-5 EEG coordinates for reference. This process ensures geometrical fidelity, crucial for accurate probe placement. Probe geometries and holder types are customizable and printed directly on the cap, making the approach agnostic to instrument manufacturers and probe types. Our ninjaCap method offers <math><mrow><mn>2.7</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1.8</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>mm</mi></mrow> </math> probe placement accuracy. Over the last five years, we have developed and validated this approach with over 50 cap models and 500 participants. A cloud-based ninjaCap generation pipeline along with detailed instructions is now available at openfnirs.org. The ninjaCap marks a significant advancement in creating individualized neuroimaging caps, reducing costs and labor while improving probe placement accuracy, thereby reducing variability in research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 3","pages":"036601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}