Ecological Management & Restoration最新文献

{"title":"Coarse pine bark mulch as open surface cover fails to improve establishment of sown native grasslands","authors":"Paul Gibson-Roy,&nbsp;John Delpratt,&nbsp;Greg Moore","doi":"10.1111/emr.12577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12577","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted across twelve agricultural locations in south-western Victoria, Australia, encompassing a range of soil types and climatic conditions. It investigated the addition of an open layer of coarse organic pine wood chip mulch (~70% surface cover) directly following direct seeding of native grassland species. The intent was to mimic positive effects of naturally occurring organic surface litter (which are typically depleted in such settings) on seedling emergence and establishment. Findings revealed negative results in that the use of an open layer of coarse pine chip mulch failed to improve native establishment at 12-months or to moderate soil temperature and moisture extremes in comparison to non-mulched plots. This outcome suggests the effectiveness of open surface mulches under the scenario of direct seeding may be highly site context, mulch-type, and application approach dependent. In situations where such mulch applications are not likely to be beneficial, significant costs relating to their purchase and application could be avoided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The business of biodiversity – What is needed for biodiversity markets to work","authors":"David Lindenmayer,&nbsp;Ben C. Scheele,&nbsp;Michelle Young,&nbsp;Michael Vardon","doi":"10.1111/emr.12573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12573","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been considerable discussion in Australia about market-based initiatives with the potential to bring effective incentives and greater investment for farmers and other land managers to promote biodiversity conservation. These initiatives include biodiversity trading markets (also termed the nature repair market), stewardship schemes, certification programmes, sustainability frameworks, and natural capital accounting. We welcome these discussions and believe these initiatives would be true advances if they bring much greater investment in conservation and stronger protection and recovery of biodiversity. However, we also have major concerns about the integrity and scientific credibility of some of these initiatives. In this article, we discuss why it is critical that such initiatives both carefully define biodiversity and determine what elements of biodiversity are to be targeted in conservation efforts. We also discuss the fundamental importance of appropriate and agreed biodiversity metrics, as well as the critical need for rigorous, well designed and independent biodiversity monitoring. To ensure that initiatives like biodiversity trading markets, stewardship schemes, certification programmes, sustainability frameworks and natural capital accounting are rigorous, non-corruptible and actually deliver what they are intended to do, they will need to be underpinned by appropriate programme designs. This includes robust and transparent governance structures, high-quality monitoring and timely reporting of key metrics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50123461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-wide prioritisation of vertebrate pest animals in Queensland, Australia","authors":"Lana Harriott,&nbsp;Matt Amos,&nbsp;Michael Brennan,&nbsp;Peter Elsworth,&nbsp;Matthew Gentle,&nbsp;Malcolm Kennedy,&nbsp;Tony Pople,&nbsp;Joe Scanlan,&nbsp;James Speed,&nbsp;Olusegun O. Osunkoya","doi":"10.1111/emr.12563","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive organisms are key drivers of environmental change globally. Both native and non-native species can become pests that require management or control. Vertebrate pest animals may cause a range of economic, environmental and social impacts for which various plans are developed at a local, state and national scale to aid their management. There are multiple vertebrate pest species in Australia which vary in the type and severity of their negative effects. Prioritisation of these pests and their impacts is critical for management to be cost-effective. We accessed pest management plans (PMPs) from 66 (of 71) local government areas (LGAs) across the state of Queensland to collate a list of vertebrate pest species present in each LGA. Local government areas were then grouped into easily identifiable regions (Regional Organisation of Councils, ‘ROC’ regions, 10 in all) and vertebrate pest species lists were collated for each region. At regional workshops, each pest species was ranked as no, low, medium or high priority by stakeholders. Rankings were used to develop impact scores resulting in a priority list of vertebrate pest animal species at the state level. Fifty-three species were identified in individual LGA PMPs of which 25 were considered priorities at the regional level. Most species prioritised at the state level were mammals, with Wild Dogs (including Dingoes; <i>Canis familiaris</i>), Feral Pigs (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) and Feral Cats (<i>Felis catus</i>) being the three highest ranked. Similarities in priority species were evident across ROC regions, however, several regions prioritised pests specific to their location. The data supported a further amalgamation of the 10 ROC regions into five main groups based on the set of vertebrate pest species that were present. Prioritisation lists should be regularly updated as technologies develop, established pest animal impacts change and new species incursions occur.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115067881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restored roadside grasslands provide an exciting template for road network conservation","authors":"Paul Gibson-Roy,&nbsp;Frank Carland","doi":"10.1111/emr.12571","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12571","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This innovative roadside restoration project aimed to replace two historic non-endemic block tree plantings with diverse native grassland. A secondary goal was to reintroduce populations of threatened species as part of the restorations (Button Wrinklewort; Clover Glycine; Hoary Sunray; and the Yam Daisy) <i>Glycine latrobeana</i>; <i>Leucochrysum albicans subspr</i>; <i>i</i>. The project applied what were at the time newly developed site preparation, direct-seeding and seed production approaches designed to facilitate these outcomes. The long-term success of these restorations (13 years) provides compelling evidence that it is feasible to restore high-quality, low-biomass, species-rich native grasslands on previously exotic-dominated roadsides. By doing so, they demonstrate that road networks offer broad canvases for restoration action and should in the future be used to create extensive native linear corridors, displaying high native biodiversity, visual and functional attributes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"271-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127339669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black summer bushfires caused extensive damage to estuarine wetlands in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Tim M. Glasby,&nbsp;Peter T. Gibson,&nbsp;Roger Laird,&nbsp;Daniel S. Swadling,&nbsp;Gregory West","doi":"10.1111/emr.12572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12572","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is now considerable evidence that, as the climate continues to warm, bushfires are becoming more common and severe, particularly in regions such as south-eastern Australia. The extraordinary Australian bushfires over the summer of 2019/2020 resulted in the burning of habitats such as highland peat swamps and intertidal estuarine wetlands over unprecedented spatial scales. Across New South Wales, these bushfires affected 183 ha of saltmarshes and 23 ha of mangroves in 19 estuaries. The percentage of fire-affected saltmarsh ranged from 51% to 81% in the worst impacted estuaries, although typically ≤15% of mapped saltmarsh was damaged. Just over 50% of mangroves were burnt in Wonboyn Lake (although this constituted &lt;0.2 ha), whereas in all other estuaries, ≤5% of mangroves were burnt. At the state-wide scale, the likelihood of saltmarshes being affected by fire was unrelated to adjacent terrestrial vegetation; however, mangroves adjacent to burnt wet sclerophyll forest were more likely to burn than not. Burnt mangroves were almost exclusively associated with extreme or high severity fires in adjacent terrestrial vegetation, yet saltmarshes were also impacted in some cases by moderate or low-intensity fires. Many species of saltmarsh plants had re-sprouted or germinated after 6–24 months, but the extent of any recovery or changes in species composition were not quantified. The majority of fire-affected mangrove trees appeared to be dead 24 months after the fires, despite observations of epicormic growth on some trees after six months. Bushfire impacts to estuarine wetlands are likely to become more frequent and results from our work can help target hazard reduction burning that might be considered for minimising damage to mangroves. More work is required to better understand potential longer term impacts and the capacity for natural recovery of estuarine wetlands from bushfires.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing vertebrate pest Sambar Deer at low abundance in mountains","authors":"Stephanie Pulsford,&nbsp;Louisa Roberts,&nbsp;Mark Elford","doi":"10.1111/emr.12569","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species such as vertebrate herbivores cause threats to native ecosystems through causing changes to vegetation composition and structure, competition, ecosystem engineering, impacts on soil, and through spreading disease. In the mountainous country of Australia, Sambar Deer (<i>Rusa unicolor</i>) are becoming an increasing threat to fragile and endangered ecosystems, which are also facing other significant threats such as climate change. Methods for ameliorating these impacts are currently limited to lethal control programmes through shooting or fencing key areas. Fencing is not a viable option for large areas and can have large logistical costs as well as negative ecological outcomes. This study aimed to compare two shooting methods (ground shooting vs thermally assisted aerial culling with thermal image operator) for controlling sambar at low densities in a mountainous area. This programme was the first to use this specific thermal technique for deer in mountainous country in Australia. We found that thermally assisted aerial culling was more effective for removing Sambar than ground shooting. Thermally assisted aerial culling removed more Sambar in total, shot more animals per hour, covered a larger search area, was cheaper per hectare covered, and had very high “seen”, “targeted”, and “shot” ratios. Ground shooting sessions were lower in cost overall, but the cost per hectare was higher and rate of Sambar shot was lower than that of thermally assisted aerial culling. Ground shooting did remove more Sambar per hectare as ground shooting focuses on a smaller area, but this advantage is outweighed by the fact that thermally assisted shooting also allowed the concurrent removal of Feral Pigs. This work indicates that thermally assisted aerial culling is the preferred method for effective management of Sambar in an alpine environment. Ground shooting may be beneficial when Sambar are concentrated in key areas or to complement initial knock down by thermally assisted aerial culling.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"261-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125397513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germinable soil seed bank of pasture, revegetation and remnant Cumberland Plain Woodland","authors":"E. Charles Morris","doi":"10.1111/emr.12566","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12566","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Revegetation of abandoned pasture by planting tree and shrub species has been undertaken in western Sydney to restore Cumberland Plain Woodland. This study investigated the germinable soil seed bank of pastures, revegetated areas and remnants to assess the potential of the seed bank to contribute to Cumberland Plain Woodland restoration. Soil cores were taken, air dried, sieved and spread out in germination trays. Half of the samples were subjected to a fire treatment, with the other half as controls. The size of the germinable seed bank was 9,400–9,500 m⁻² in the pasture and revegetated areas, and 3,000 m⁻² in the remnant. Exotics, mainly forbs, dominated the seed bank in pasture and revegetated areas, with more than half the number of species and three quarters the number of seedlings. Numbers of native species and seedlings were half to one quarter of exotics in the pasture and revegetated areas. In remnants, native species outnumbered exotics, but numbers of native and exotic seedlings were approximately equal. Numbers of native shrub species and seedlings were low, and seedlings of one native tree appeared. There was some recruitment of seedlings from planted shrub species in the revegetated area. Only native species (numbers of species; seedling numbers) increased after the burn treatment; numbers of exotic species and seedlings were already high in the control and did not increase further after burning. Species composition was significantly affected by vegetation type, and by fire. The seed banks of the pasture and revegetated areas were very similar to each other, and both were most dissimilar to the remnant. The soil seed bank of the pasture had a heavy burden of exotic weeds, the majority forbs with the seeder fire response, and lacked the propagules of native species. The revegetated area was the same, as the revegetation method used planted only trees and some shrubs and did not address the problems of the weed seed abundance and propagule limitation of natives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"219-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134023605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ecological assessment of Australia's first community oyster gardens","authors":"Lisa Boström-Einarsson,&nbsp;Francisco Martínez-Baena,&nbsp;Ben Diggles,&nbsp;Lauren Firby,&nbsp;Ian M. McLeod","doi":"10.1111/emr.12565","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oyster gardening is a community-driven activity where oysters are grown in cages hanging off docks or other coastal infrastructure. Besides the provision of adult oysters for restoration programmes, oyster gardening may also support other ecosystem services such as providing habitat for fishes and invertebrates as well as encouraging community involvement and citizen science. Australia's first oyster gardening programme was undertaken in a canal estate on Bribie Island in Moreton Bay, Queensland between October 2016 and November 2017. Oyster gardens consisting of plastic mesh cages were deployed with either three species of bivalves (polyculture), or exclusively Sydney Rock Oysters (monoculture) to investigate whether the habitat value differed between the two garden types. After one year of growth, polyculture cages supported higher abundances and species richness of both invertebrates and fish compared to the monoculture gardens. Our study showed that oyster gardening can provide habitat for a range of invertebrate and fish species in the highly modified coastal environment of a canal estate. Further studies are needed to discern whether these oyster gardens would also support larger and mobile fauna, such as species with commercial and recreational importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127144209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating the effect of linear infrastructure on arboreal mammals in dense forest: A canopy bridge trial","authors":"Briony Mitchell,&nbsp;Lee Harrison,&nbsp;Joanne Ainley,&nbsp;Rodney van der Ree,&nbsp;Kylie Soanes","doi":"10.1111/emr.12568","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12568","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Roads and other linear infrastructure create treeless gaps that can limit the movement of non-flying, arboreal animals. These negative effects are particularly strong in dense forests, where even narrow infrastructure corridors represent a significant change in habitat structure. Artificial canopy bridges are an increasingly common approach to mitigating the barrier effect of roads and other linear infrastructure on the movement of arboreal mammals; however, questions remain about the success of various designs for different species. Here we conduct an experimental evaluation of the response of a critically endangered possum, Leadbeater's Possum (<i>Gymnobelideus leadbeateri</i>), to two artificial canopy bridge designs: single-rope bridges and ladder bridges. We found that both bridges were used by Leadbeater's Possum and five other species of arboreal marsupial to cross narrow, forestry roads. However, Leadbeater's Possums crossed ladder bridges 13 times more often than the single-rope design (average of 564.5 and 41.75 crossings per design respectively). Radiotelemetry conducted on four Leadbeater's Possums prior to bridge installation detected no road crossings, providing preliminary evidence that the bridges improved cross-road movement. Ladder bridges appear to be the better design choice for a wider range of arboreal marsupials as they were used more frequently, offer greater stability, and provide better predator avoidance than single-rope designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"228-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128888868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species and functional diversity of direct-seeded vegetation declines over 25 years","authors":"Joe Atkinson,&nbsp;Charlotte Simpson-Young,&nbsp;Graham Fifield,&nbsp;Barton Schneemann,&nbsp;Stephen P. Bonser,&nbsp;Angela T. Moles","doi":"10.1111/emr.12570","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The re-establishment of native vegetation on disturbed land has been adopted widely as a form of ecological restoration in the past few decades. It is often suggested that establishing native plantings will lead to increasing biodiversity at restoration sites over time. However, this prediction has not been tested over long periods. Now that some pioneering projects and monitoring programs have become older, it is possible to quantify the long-term benefits of native vegetation plantings. We asked how the plant diversity and function of 12 biodiverse native vegetation plantings has changed over approximately 30 years. We found that sites declined in measures of functional and species diversity over time. Shorter-statured woody species were not as common at older sites. Surprisingly, sites initially seeded with a greater richness of species did not have higher standing richness at any later census period. While all sites produced net native biodiversity benefits relative to the exotic pastures they replaced, ongoing management and monitoring will be needed to ensure they continue to do so. Understanding the relationship between ageing native vegetation plantings and other components of the ecosystem (e.g., mammals, birds, invertebrates, soil, microorganisms) is a priority. Our results suggest that recruitment barriers in ex-agricultural ecosystems are high and that the biodiversity benefits provided by shorter-lived species will only be transient without ongoing management of these systems. Research confronting these recruitment barriers is a priority, and managers (and funders) of these kinds of restoration projects may need to be prepared for ongoing management of sites to promote lost components if they are desired as continual features of these ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133185341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}