Ecological Management & Restoration最新文献

{"title":"Navigating Permits: A Review of Coastal Wetland Restoration Approvals in Victoria","authors":"Phebe I. Rowland,&nbsp;Paul E. Carnell,&nbsp;Melissa Wartman","doi":"10.1111/emr.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The restoration of coastal wetlands or ‘blue carbon ecosystems’ will be an essential tool for achieving climate change mitigation and biodiversity targets entrenched in policies at all levels of government. Despite increasing demand for coastal wetland restoration projects across the public and private sectors, the implementation and scalability of blue carbon projects in Australia remain limited. This study aimed to characterise the permits and approvals for coastal wetland restoration projects in the Australian state of Victoria and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing legislative pathways for enabling restoration at scale. We found there were 22 separate permits and approvals across local, state and federal levels of government that may be required to carry out coastal wetland restoration projects in Victoria, excluding specific permissions associated with National Parks, marine reserves and state forests. These depend on restoration activities and land tenure as well as Planning Scheme zoning and overlays. The complexity of permitting and approval processes has been a key barrier to the widespread implementation of coastal wetland restoration projects in Victoria. We highlight the need to streamline existing legislation, advocating general permits for restoration activities in areas with high coastal wetland restoration potential. We suggest refinements to state government risk assessment methodologies and highlight the need for incentives and long-term funding to reduce financial uncertainty and advance coastal wetland restoration projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practitioners' Perspectives on the Effectiveness of Restoration Methods for Southern Australia's Arid Ecosystems","authors":"Joseph Stapleton,&nbsp;Shane R. Turner,&nbsp;David Warne,&nbsp;Singarayer Florentine","doi":"10.1111/emr.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Restoration of arid vegetation is an essential and difficult task, making the selection of the right methods for restoration an important choice. One way to determine which methods would be most effective is by accessing the accumulated knowledge of restoration practitioners, which is often unreported in the scientific literature. This study created an online survey asking questions of practitioners on the effectiveness of different methods for arid restoration, including how effective they are at promoting restoration and their financial and labour inputs. The survey was distributed to arid restoration practitioners within Australia, with a focus on the southern areas, and found that the methods most commonly used are ones that appear most effective at promoting restoration and are generally the most highly recommended. The cost and labour input did not correlate with the most used or most recommended method, suggesting that these are secondary factors and are not necessarily the most important concerns for the survey respondents. While mechanical direct seeding was indicated to have lower financial and labour inputs, both it and hand-planting were indicated to be similar in restoration ability and were both highly recommended. Grazing control methods and chemical weed control were also indicated to be effective at restoration, likely due to damage that grazing and weed competition can inflict upon plantings. Pre-seeding treatments were found to be both effective at restoration and have low labour and cost requirements, making them one of the most highly recommended methods. Soil amendments, such as water-holding gels and biochar, despite being low-to-moderate in terms of cost and labour input, were not indicated to be effective at restoration and were subsequently not highly recommended. Though some general trends could be found, respondents also commonly pointed out that the choice of methods will often depend on the site-specific conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Production to Protection: The Role of Land for Wildlife in Private Land Conservation in Southeast Queensland","authors":"Marilyn Shrapnel,&nbsp;Claudia Baldwin,&nbsp;Lee Kannis-Dymond","doi":"10.1111/emr.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In an attempt to combat the long-term trend in habitat loss in Australia, a nation-wide focus has encouraged conservation on private property through nonbinding voluntary programmes, such as Land for Wildlife programmes, and legally binding covenants, such as Voluntary Conservation Agreements. This research aimed to identify factors involved in landholder motivations for, and commitments to such programmes. We report on results of interviews (including property walks) and personality assessments of 31 landholders registered for the Land for Wildlife (LfW) programme in three Local Governments in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Personality (both temperament and character dimensions), as well as experiential learning through Land for Wildlife, played a role in developing pronature conservation behaviour, commitment to, and connectedness to nature on property. We make suggestions for resourcing and content of the LfW programme, including adequate allocated funds, stability and continuity of staff, frequent regular events involving a variety of activities with different modes of interaction, and opportunities for the development of social relationships with other registrants as well as Land for Wildlife officers (i.e., a Land for Wildlife community).</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desktop Method to Map and Assess Environmental Impacts of Formal and Informal Mountain Biking Trails in an Urban National Park","authors":"Isabella Smith,&nbsp;Catherine Marina Pickering","doi":"10.1111/emr.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recreational trails, including informal trails created by visitors, have a range of ecological impacts, but mapping and assessing these impacts can be expensive and time-consuming. It is increasingly possible to harness publicly available data posted by park visitors to fitness platforms and combine it with other spatial and field data to help prioritise management actions and enhance conservation and visitor experiences. Here we outline and then apply such a desktop methodology to assess the extensive network of formal and informal mountain biking trails in a popular urban national park in Australia. Across Nerang National Park on the Gold Coast, 31.4 km of formal and 36.2 km of informal mountain bike trails were identified and assessed using data from the popular fitness platform Trailforks and existing trail records from managers. Informal mountain biking trails were mostly in the higher and more remote parts of the Park on steeper slopes and were generally less popular than the formal trails closer to the main entrance. The informal trails have resulted in the loss of 0.8% of vegetation, increased fragmentation and potentially disturb wildlife across 13% of the Park, with some informal trails traversing an important wetland catchment. The results demonstrate the scale and nature of potential impacts of informal trails, which have doubled the area of trails in Nerang National Park. They highlight the need for specific management actions, such as closing and restoring informal trails, particularly when poorly designed and in areas of high conservation value.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faith and Feathers: How Seventh-Day Adventism Shapes Traditional Knowledge of the Vanate (Raggiana Bird of Paradise) along the Kokoda Track","authors":"Challis Pulotu,&nbsp;Eric Katovai,&nbsp;Peter Lineham,&nbsp;Hollen Mado,&nbsp;Patrick G. Pikacha","doi":"10.1111/emr.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and cultural spiritual associations, including religions, have recently gained acceptance as making important contributions to conservation practice, decision-making and science. The decline of TEK in the Pacific and Papua New Guinea (PNG) has highlighted the need to examine how modern faiths, like Christianity, which is the most prevalent in the Pacific, might aid or impact conservation that was previously guided by TEK. Along the Kokoda Track in Central Province, PNG, we assessed the impact of the Seventh-day Adventist church on the Indigenous Koiari People and their knowledge of the endemic Vanate (Raggiana Bird of Paradise, <i>Paradisaea raggiana</i>), which is PNG's national emblem. Two focus group discussions (four and five respondents respectively) and 39 in-depth interviews were conducted with Indigenous Koiari People. We collected information regarding the impact of Adventism on TEK, Vanate conservation and the environment in general. We assessed six adult age cohorts across four villages (including representatives of 17 Tribes/clans) of men and women along the Kokoda Track. Most respondents, especially men, claimed that Adventism had caused a decline in TEK and values and altered conservation practices and diet. We found that Adventist faith encouraged the Indigenous Koiari People to protect the Vanate and its environment by not eating it; however, this was at the expense of TEK, traditional conservation practices and language. However, Koiari People were found to still hunt the Vanate, largely to generate income from their feathers, which were still used in cultural dancing and important for tourism. This research is useful for conservation decision-making and practice as it highlighted the changing motivations underlying conservation, gendered responses and identifies ways for scientists and policymakers to collaborate, accept and incorporate Indigenous People, their religious beliefs and practices for conservation of birds like the Vanate.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What’s the Best Way to Store Toxic 1080 Baits?","authors":"Heather M. Crawford,&nbsp;Ricarda Fenske,&nbsp;Gerard Smith,&nbsp;Teen Ryan,&nbsp;Jamie (Frog) Taylor,&nbsp;Daniel Carlisle,&nbsp;Debbie Dowden,&nbsp;Dean Butcher,&nbsp;Tracey L. Kreplins,&nbsp;Jim Miller,&nbsp;Malcolm Kennedy,&nbsp;Patricia A. Fleming","doi":"10.1111/emr.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Being able to store toxic baits could allow livestock producers to target ‘hot spots’ of predator activity, supplementing or even replacing broadscale baiting, therefore avoiding potential risk of bait-resistant populations. We compared 1080 dose recovered from dried meat baits (DMB; camel, horse and kangaroo) and sausage baits stored by different methods (shed, locked transport box, freezer, cryo-vacuumed) to identify whether they were still lethal, and address concern that freezing/thawing could result in loss of the water-soluble 1080 toxicant. We developed a bait collection method to halt microbial activity (preserving 1080 dose), allowing collection of baits manufactured under field conditions by five regional Recognised Biosecurity Groups according to their own schedule and methods. We assayed 351 baits (including 43 negative control baits, i.e., no toxicant), just over half (54%) of which were manufactured by us, using consistent meat masses, 1080 doses, and drying methods. For freshly manufactured baits, there was good consistency in bait manufacture, with no significant difference in recovered 1080. For stored baits, there was no effect of time on recovered 1080 for up to 2 months (maximum length of study), indicating different storage methods were equally effective in maintaining lethal baits. Manufactured sausage baits contained significantly more 1080 than DMB manufactured for this study, and showed substantial variability in recovered 1080 dose, which could reflect gun handling error. Storage in a locked transport box resulted in marked insect damage, likely rendering baits unattractive to target species. Freezing baits did not result in reduced 1080 dose. The majority (93%) of deployed/stored baits had a lethal 1080 dose recovered (13/192 baits were below the LD₅₀ for a 20 kg dingo). Dry shed storage is prescribed as best practice, but freezing baits does not reduce their toxic dose. Future testing for longer durations of storage would be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Burial Depth, Watering Regime and Soil Amendments on the Establishment of Four Arid Zone Species","authors":"Joseph Stapleton,&nbsp;Shane R. Turner,&nbsp;David Warne,&nbsp;Singarayer Florentine","doi":"10.1111/emr.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Direct seeding of restorative plants is a difficult task in arid environments due, in part, to the low moisture levels inherent to these areas. This barrier to restoration has stimulated a number of methods to help combat this issue, including the burial of seeds just below the soil surface, the addition of fertiliser and the use of other suitable low-cost soil amendments aimed at improving germination and survival. This study examines the effects of burial depth and application of soil amendments on seedling emergence under different watering regimes on four semi-arid zone species. The soil amendments used were hydrogel (EarthCare Water Crystals), fertiliser (Osmocote), and a commercial soil microbial inoculant (Bactivate5). It was found that, while heavier seeded species were able to emerge from deeper below the soil surface, all seeds in the study preferred to emerge from shallow burial depths of around 6–10 mm. Soil amendments were shown to have minimal effect on emergence rates, regardless of the watering regime, while the watering regime was found to have the largest impact. Seedlings under a low watering regime (30% water holding capacity) were found to have the lowest emergence rate, while a moderate watering regime (55% water holding capacity) produced the highest emergence across most species. Results obtained from this study suggest that shallow burial of seeds 6–10 mm below the soil surface, as opposed to surface placement or deeper burial, may enhance emergence for the species tested. Although the soil amendments did not improve plant species emergence, amendment application may still be beneficial for developing seedlings by enhancing seedling resilience to adverse growing conditions such as moisture stress or extreme temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the Biodiversity Management Contract Scheme in Supplying Stopover Sites With Food for Migratory Birds","authors":"Ju-Hyun Lee,&nbsp;Won-Suk Choi,&nbsp;Chang-Uk Park,&nbsp;Yang-Mo Kim,&nbsp;Ha-Cheol Sung","doi":"10.1111/emr.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stopover sites are essential for migratory birds, offering opportunities to rest and refuel during migration. The quality of these habitats directly influences migration success, particularly for small passerine birds that depend on readily available food resources. However, high-quality habitats are often scarce at stopover sites. In the Republic of Korea, the Biodiversity Management Contract Scheme (BMCS) aims to enhance habitat quality by providing food resources through unharvested cultivated land (UCL). This study evaluated the effectiveness of BMCS on Heuksando Island, a major stopover site for migratory birds. We compared the number of species and individuals and habitat usage time of migratory birds in UCLs and control deserted lands (DLs). The results showed higher species richness and abundance in UCLs than in DLs, with buntings (family Emberizidae) being particularly numerous in UCLs. Additionally, habitat usage times were significantly longer in UCLs. While BMCS provides critical food and shelter for granivorous birds like buntings, the potential impacts on non-target species warrant further investigation. These findings showed the importance of BMCS in enhancing high-quality habitats for small migratory birds to feed and hide in, while also suggesting the need for a balanced approach to ensure broader biodiversity conservation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historic Heritage Trees in the Red Gum Parks between Tocumwal and Swan Hill in the Riverina Bioregion of Southern Inland New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Michael J. Murphy","doi":"10.1111/emr.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Because of their long lifespan, trees can be a form of living cultural heritage. Culturally modified trees (CMTs) are tangible and spatially precise evidence of past methods of resource use and land management, illustrating how humans have interacted with and to varying extents shaped their local environment. Conservation reserves can be significant repositories of CMTs that have been lost from elsewhere in the landscape. This study aimed to document the types of historic heritage trees (historic-era CMT) occurring in the conservation reserves of an area in southern inland New South Wales, Australia, and to identify any threats. In total, 152 historic heritage trees dating from the 1860s–1990s were recorded. Twelve different CMT types are described, representing a variety of historical themes including the paddle steamer shipping industry, forestry, local land settlement and water resource management. Threats to the trees, in addition to their inevitable ageing and death, include fire, flood, river regulation, vandalism, road maintenance work, boundary clearing and illegal felling for firewood. This study provides an example of the diversity of historic heritage trees to be found in Australian conservation reserves and highlights how these trees can contribute to the appreciation of these reserves as historical cultural landscapes. There is an urgent need to conserve CMTs as well as the information relating to how they were used and what they represent before their cultural heritage features or the trees themselves are lost.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untangling Invasion to Address Restoration: Lower Nitrogen Levels Reduce Competitive Success of Arundo donax","authors":"Kelsey L. Dowdy,&nbsp;Randy Long,&nbsp;Carla M. D'Antonio,&nbsp;Tom L. Dudley,&nbsp;Joshua P. Schimel","doi":"10.1111/emr.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Riparian ecosystems in Mediterranean climates are pressured by nutrient enrichment and opportunistic plants, such as the large perennial grass <i>Arundo donax</i>. Arundo grows more with nitrogen (N) amendments and can outcompete native woody species in high-N conditions characteristic of intensive agricultural runoff, but its competitive dynamics at N levels characteristic of less intensive agriculture have not been assessed. Restoration efforts typically do not consider minimising conditions that make ‘invaders’ so successful in a given area, such as the range of upland N inputs; however, such distinctions may be important in identifying areas with higher chances of successful native plant restoration. Here, we addressed how different levels of N addition influenced competition between Arundo and a dominant native California woody species, <i>Salix lasiolepis</i> (Arroyo Willow), by simulating a post-flooding scenario: Arundo rhizomes are deposited and establish within Arroyo Willow stands and receive nitrate (NO₃⁻) from agricultural runoff. We added Arundo rhizomes to established Arroyo Willows in individual pots of riparian soil (in the greenhouse), and added NO₃⁻ weekly for 4 months at the following levels: no addition, low (24 g/m² year.⁻¹ N), or high (120 g/m² year.⁻¹ N). Arundo inhibited Arroyo Willow growth by 57% in high-N conditions, but did not inhibit Arroyo Willow in low- or no-N treatments. Across all treatments, Arundo had greater leaf N%, higher potential photosynthetic N use efficiency, but produced less root biomass than Arroyo Willow, suggesting that it dominated access to NO₃⁻ without needing to invest in root infrastructure. Arundo had similar net assimilation of CO₂ (A_net) as Arroyo Willow, but greater leaf biomass, increasing its photosynthetic potential. These findings suggest that upstream agricultural NO₃⁻ management can either enhance or constrain Arundo success. Plant restoration practices should prioritise whole watershed management of Arundo removal areas, integrating consideration of upstream N dynamics and runoff so as to limit NO₃⁻ inputs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}