Ecological Management & Restoration最新文献

{"title":"Finding the sweet spot in camera trapping: A global synthesis and meta-analysis of minimum sampling effort","authors":"Nargol Ghazian,&nbsp;Christopher J. Lortie","doi":"10.1111/emr.12581","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Camera traps are one of the most common tools in wildlife and conservation biology. Sampling can document and measure animal presence and activity. Captures can be used to estimate population parameters such as presence, abundance, habitat suitability, and resident species richness of specific populations. Effective camera trapping is relevant to conservation for many reasons. For instance, they can be used to inform pre- and post-restoration efforts, monitor the use of artificial structures by species and assess behaviours like predator–prey interactions. This sampling approach can aid in assessing diversity change, habitat change, pre- and post-restoration efforts, artificial structure effects, species presence, and animal behaviour. We reviewed the literature to collect data and estimate incidence effect size measures for both vertebrate abundance and vertebrate richness to examine the relative efficacy of deploying more camera traps for a given period in different ecosystems. Increasing sampling effort through an increased number of cameras significantly increased net positive abundance detection rates in grasslands and mixed ecosystems. Net richness detection rates in mixed, tropical, deciduous, and grassland ecosystems similarly increased with the number of cameras deployed. The total number of days, however, was not a significant predictor of abundance or richness rates detected in any ecosystem. These findings suggest that deploying relatively more cameras for relatively fewer days provides the most effective estimates of vertebrate abundance and richness for a region.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129236296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orchids with scarce occurrence records: The case of the endangered Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood","authors":"Matthew Mo,&nbsp;Averill Wilson,&nbsp;Alice McGowan,&nbsp;Marie-Claire A. Demers,&nbsp;Greg L. Steenbeeke","doi":"10.1111/emr.12575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12575","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poorly studied species are potentially under-prioritised by conservation programmes due to knowledge gaps presenting barriers to informing effective management strategies. The Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood, <i>Pterostylis</i> sp. Botany Bay, is an example of a poorly studied plant that is listed as endangered under both Commonwealth and New South Wales legislation. This study reports on archival surveys from 1998 to 2005 conducted at up to eight sites known to contain the Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood and follow-up surveys in 2022. The archival surveys found that the total population count ranged from 83 to 341 individuals. Mean numbers (± standard error) of seedlings, flowering individuals and individuals exhibiting capsule development recorded in the population were 43 ± 14, 33 ± 9 and 2 ± 1 respectively. The 2022 surveys did not detect the species. An area of potential habitat was derived from records in biodiversity databases, which determined a total historical extent of 1.38 ha restricted to the Kurnell Peninsula in Sydney, New South Wales. The priority next step is to gather contemporary data to confirm whether the Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood remains extant, which can be done by applied researchers, students, landholders and land managers, botanical practitioners and/or volunteers. For optimal species detection, we recommend undertaking formal surveys or opportunistic searches in historically known sites and replicating detection efforts across July–September periods to exploit seasonal flowering.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50148469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of long-term monitoring of the Broad-toothed Rat in the Barrington Tops National Park, Australia","authors":"Charlotte Alley,&nbsp;Peter Beard,&nbsp;John Clulow,&nbsp;Andrea Griffin,&nbsp;Adam Fawcett,&nbsp;Geoffrey James,&nbsp;Matt W. Hayward","doi":"10.1111/emr.12574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12574","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity monitoring is crucial for effective conservation efforts. Effective monitoring allows managers to determine the status and trends of biodiversity, as well as the success of conservation actions. The population of the Broad-toothed Rats (<i>Mastacomys fuscus</i>) in the Barrington Tops National Park New South Wales, Australia has been monitored since 1999 via scat and live-trapping surveys. We reviewed the methods used and analysed the data produced with the aim of describing patterns of population change over time using a range of outcome variables and identifying different climate correlates. A secondary aim was to explore the use of population statistics that account for imperfect detection by comparing naïve occupancy, with an index of relative abundance based on trap effort, the latency to find scats during scat surveys and an occupancy model based on trapping surveys. Neither of these three methods accounts for detectability variation. Naïve occupancy decreased slightly over time, while the relative abundance based on trap effort revealed no evidence of change. Additionally, naïve occupancy decreased with increasing temperature while temperature had no clear impact on relative abundance. Finally, precipitation had no impact on either naïve occupancy or relative abundance. We found no evidence of a relationship between the latency to find scats and the index of relative abundance, suggesting that one or neither is related to actual abundance. Finally, a multi-season occupancy model found occupancy probability to be 0.78 ± 0.23 (standard error); detection probability as 0.51 ± 0.06; seasonal colonisation rate as 0.36 ± 0.13 and seasonal extinction rate at 0.44 ± 0.13. We conclude that despite significant investment in monitoring, this historical data set does not allow managers to ascertain whether population change has occurred and to identify potential drivers of change. Careful consideration of future methods, in particular, whether there is imperfect detection in scat surveys, will help to inform future monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50148468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old Man Saltbush mortality following fire challenges the resilience of post-mine rehabilitation in central Queensland, Australia","authors":"Phillip B. McKenna,&nbsp;Natasha Ufer,&nbsp;Vanessa Glenn,&nbsp;David Doley,&nbsp;Stuart Phinn,&nbsp;Peter D. Erskine","doi":"10.1111/emr.12579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12579","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landscape rehabilitation following mining is required to be resilient to disturbance impacts such as fire, drought and disease. As mining companies undergo the process of rehabilitation certification and mine closure, there are notable knowledge gaps on the ecological risks associated with mature rehabilitated landscapes, based largely on the assumption that rehabilitation is analogous to reference communities. However, the response to fire disturbance across a range of landscapes remains largely untested and in particular there is limited understanding of recovery traits of plant species that occur naturally or are commonly seeded into rehabilitation. In August 2018, a controlled fire was applied to 37 hectares of 12-year-old coal-mine rehabilitation in central Queensland, Australia. We used a combination of (i) ground plot surveys and (ii) drone imagery to compare the vegetation response of burnt woody species to unburnt controls prior to, and for, two years following the fire. The survival of the most dominant shrub species found on the rehabilitation site was significantly impacted by the fire. Old Man Saltbush (<i>Atriplex nummularia</i> Lindl. subsp. <i>nummularia</i>) recorded significant post-fire mortality, with ground surveys recording an average reduction of 89% of stems per hectare across the burnt site, while unburnt controls remained unchanged. The plot data analysis was supported with high spatial and temporal resolution drone imagery, classified using a Random Forest machine-learning approach. Change analysis of these maps showed a significant decline of 82% in Old Man Saltbush plant density and 92% reduction in foliage cover following the fire. In addition, the mean canopy area of individual Old Man Saltbush shrubs reduced significantly from a pre-fire mean of 11.3 to 4.8 m² two years following the fire. A spatial proximity analysis showed that those individuals that survived the fire were located significantly closer to unburnt areas and bare spoil, indicating that discontinuous ground fuel loads can greatly improve the survivability of individuals. This study provides new evidence on the contested fire sensitivity of Old Man Salt bush and demonstrates the risk that future climate-driven extreme events may have on the resilience of novel ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Indigenous-led restoration: The Seed and Nursery Industry Forum for Aboriginal Organisations, Northam, Western Australia, September 2022","authors":"Christian Miller-Sabbioni,&nbsp;Stephen van Leeuwen,&nbsp;Andrew T. Knight,&nbsp;Kingsley Dixon,&nbsp;Shane Turner,&nbsp;Michael Just,&nbsp;Simone Pedrini","doi":"10.1111/emr.12580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12580","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bilya Bilya Koort Boodja Centre for Nyoongar Culture and Environmental Knowledge in Northam, Western Australia, was the location for this event where legislators, practitioners, academics, Nyoongar Elders, and key representatives for Traditional Steward groups gathered to discuss the current issues and future trajectory of the emerging Indigenous nursery sector, specifically the activities of native seed and seedling supply chain. These activities are key components of the emerging Indigenous-led restoration economy and indispensable for biodiverse restoration of degraded ecosystems at the landscape scale. Key outcomes included: improved awareness in participants about activities being undertaken across the restoration economy sector; the acknowledgement of a disjunction between academia and business practice, and the realisation that bridging the gap between knowledge and action is becoming increasingly urgent.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"62-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50148489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Melbourne Strategic Assessment—Elegant on process, currently failing on implementation","authors":"Kim W Lowe,&nbsp;Geoffrey Wescott","doi":"10.1111/emr.12578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12578","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper provides a critical analysis of the development and current outcomes of Australia's first endorsed strategic assessment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, namely, the Melbourne Strategic Assessment. It covers progress towards protection of a number of Nationally Significant Species and Ecological Communities – most notably, the native grassland communities immediately adjacent to Melbourne's Urban Growth Boundary. The Commonwealth approval to protect biodiversity and allow urban development was made in 2010 and it aimed to achieve its outcomes by 2020. These outcomes included providing new land for homes, for new transport corridors, and for conservation of biodiversity. Natural Temperate Grassland (4,667 ha), Grassy Eucalypt Woodland (709 ha) and seven other Matters of National Environmental Significance will be impacted. Mitigation for this is establishment of 15,000 ha of grassland reserves, 1,200 ha of grassy woodland reserves, over 4,000 ha of other land zoned for conservation and 300 ha of wetland restoration. We conclude that the Melbourne Strategic Assessment has been a success in terms of the elegance and comprehensiveness of the approach, in cooperation between the levels of government, in the economic benefits, and in some aspects of social engagement of the agreement. However, the achievement of environmental outcomes must be currently considered a failure due to poor implementation. This failure includes not meeting the agreed 10 year deadline for land acquisition and management, poor monitoring and protection of set-aside areas, and in reporting. We offer suggestions for how these current shortcomings could be overcome. These align well with the recommendations of the review of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (The independent statutory review of the Act in 2020) and include the establishment of the proposed Office of Compliance and Enforcement, the adoption of National Environmental Standards and the reforms regarding the role of Indigenous Australians in strategic assessments. If these were adopted, we conclude that the strategic assessment approach should be more widely used because of the more holistic approach and efficiencies that it envisages compared with site by site approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations on the utilisation of a restored wildlife corridor by echo-locating microbats in North Queensland's Wet Tropics","authors":"Nigel Tucker,&nbsp;Greg Ford","doi":"10.1111/emr.12576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12576","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbat studies are uncommon in the Wet Tropics of north-east Queensland, despite the group comprising 20% of the bioregion's mammal fauna. The significance of fragmentation and habitat connectivity to the echolocating insectivore group is unknown. Over a 12-month period in 2021–2022, microbat presence was recorded in a 25-year-old restored wildlife corridor 1.2 km in length. We deployed Anabat detectors in the restored corridor, in adjacent open paddocks and in mature rainforest at either end of the corridor. Species in reference forest and corridor vegetation were consistently ‘clutter-adapted’ bats, with low aspect ratio wings; there was little overlap with high aspect ratio species of the open pasture. Low aspect ratio microbats appear to respond to the similarity in structure between restored and adjacent natural vegetation. Re-establishing structural and functional connectivity may improve the local persistence of ‘clutter-adapted’ microbats.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coarse pine bark mulch as open surface cover fails to improve establishment of sown native grasslands","authors":"Paul Gibson-Roy,&nbsp;John Delpratt,&nbsp;Greg Moore","doi":"10.1111/emr.12577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12577","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted across twelve agricultural locations in south-western Victoria, Australia, encompassing a range of soil types and climatic conditions. It investigated the addition of an open layer of coarse organic pine wood chip mulch (~70% surface cover) directly following direct seeding of native grassland species. The intent was to mimic positive effects of naturally occurring organic surface litter (which are typically depleted in such settings) on seedling emergence and establishment. Findings revealed negative results in that the use of an open layer of coarse pine chip mulch failed to improve native establishment at 12-months or to moderate soil temperature and moisture extremes in comparison to non-mulched plots. This outcome suggests the effectiveness of open surface mulches under the scenario of direct seeding may be highly site context, mulch-type, and application approach dependent. In situations where such mulch applications are not likely to be beneficial, significant costs relating to their purchase and application could be avoided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The business of biodiversity – What is needed for biodiversity markets to work","authors":"David Lindenmayer,&nbsp;Ben C. Scheele,&nbsp;Michelle Young,&nbsp;Michael Vardon","doi":"10.1111/emr.12573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12573","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been considerable discussion in Australia about market-based initiatives with the potential to bring effective incentives and greater investment for farmers and other land managers to promote biodiversity conservation. These initiatives include biodiversity trading markets (also termed the nature repair market), stewardship schemes, certification programmes, sustainability frameworks, and natural capital accounting. We welcome these discussions and believe these initiatives would be true advances if they bring much greater investment in conservation and stronger protection and recovery of biodiversity. However, we also have major concerns about the integrity and scientific credibility of some of these initiatives. In this article, we discuss why it is critical that such initiatives both carefully define biodiversity and determine what elements of biodiversity are to be targeted in conservation efforts. We also discuss the fundamental importance of appropriate and agreed biodiversity metrics, as well as the critical need for rigorous, well designed and independent biodiversity monitoring. To ensure that initiatives like biodiversity trading markets, stewardship schemes, certification programmes, sustainability frameworks and natural capital accounting are rigorous, non-corruptible and actually deliver what they are intended to do, they will need to be underpinned by appropriate programme designs. This includes robust and transparent governance structures, high-quality monitoring and timely reporting of key metrics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"24 1","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50123461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-wide prioritisation of vertebrate pest animals in Queensland, Australia","authors":"Lana Harriott,&nbsp;Matt Amos,&nbsp;Michael Brennan,&nbsp;Peter Elsworth,&nbsp;Matthew Gentle,&nbsp;Malcolm Kennedy,&nbsp;Tony Pople,&nbsp;Joe Scanlan,&nbsp;James Speed,&nbsp;Olusegun O. Osunkoya","doi":"10.1111/emr.12563","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emr.12563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive organisms are key drivers of environmental change globally. Both native and non-native species can become pests that require management or control. Vertebrate pest animals may cause a range of economic, environmental and social impacts for which various plans are developed at a local, state and national scale to aid their management. There are multiple vertebrate pest species in Australia which vary in the type and severity of their negative effects. Prioritisation of these pests and their impacts is critical for management to be cost-effective. We accessed pest management plans (PMPs) from 66 (of 71) local government areas (LGAs) across the state of Queensland to collate a list of vertebrate pest species present in each LGA. Local government areas were then grouped into easily identifiable regions (Regional Organisation of Councils, ‘ROC’ regions, 10 in all) and vertebrate pest species lists were collated for each region. At regional workshops, each pest species was ranked as no, low, medium or high priority by stakeholders. Rankings were used to develop impact scores resulting in a priority list of vertebrate pest animal species at the state level. Fifty-three species were identified in individual LGA PMPs of which 25 were considered priorities at the regional level. Most species prioritised at the state level were mammals, with Wild Dogs (including Dingoes; <i>Canis familiaris</i>), Feral Pigs (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) and Feral Cats (<i>Felis catus</i>) being the three highest ranked. Similarities in priority species were evident across ROC regions, however, several regions prioritised pests specific to their location. The data supported a further amalgamation of the 10 ROC regions into five main groups based on the set of vertebrate pest species that were present. Prioritisation lists should be regularly updated as technologies develop, established pest animal impacts change and new species incursions occur.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"23 3","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.12563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115067881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}