Ecological Management & Restoration最新文献

{"title":"Diverging Composition of Natural Temperate Grasslands in Response to Land Use Provides Complementary Conservation Opportunities","authors":"Brad J. Farmilo,&nbsp;Ben J. Zeeman,&nbsp;John W. Morgan,&nbsp;Tara Jalali,&nbsp;Steve J. Sinclair","doi":"10.1111/emr.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Natural temperate grasslands in south-eastern Australia are threatened ecological communities that have been massively reduced across their range. Relatively intact examples, however, remain on both public land (e.g., roadsides) and private land (e.g., farmland). In western Victoria, natural temperate grasslands have typically been managed by livestock grazing on farmland and by frequent burning on roadsides. Little attention has been given to how grasslands on farmland and roadsides may each contribute to regional or landscape-scale conservation objectives. Our aim was to compare the plant composition of natural temperate grasslands that have been long-managed with fire with those long-managed primarily by sheep grazing, to explore how land-use history influences plant community structure and its potential implications for conservation planning. We sampled 17 sites in frequently burnt grasslands on roadsides, and 10 sites in historically grazed grasslands on farmland. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination techniques to compare plant community composition between grasslands under these different tenures, and to determine how species richness, cover of different species groups and substrate cover were associated with tenure. We also assessed taxonomic beta diversity to quantify species turnover to enable a detailed comparison of species turnover and compositional consistency between roadside and farmland grasslands. There were marked differences in plant community composition between grasslands on roadsides and farmland. Some grazing-tolerant native forbs and C3 grasses were associated with farmland. High native species richness, grazing-sensitive and taller (&gt; 5 cm tall) forbs, native geophytes, and bare ground cover were associated with roadsides. Taxonomic diversity partitioning showed only slight differences in species turnover between farmland and roadside grasslands. Differences in community composition between natural temperate grasslands on roadsides and farmland are consistent with differences in long-term management practices that drive the vegetation in different directions. We argue that long-grazed grasslands on farmland and long-burnt grasslands on roadsides have complementary values for conservation. Both should be targeted for management, which should recognise their differences in size, shape and connectivity. Future funding and incentives for grassland conservation in south-eastern Australia will require careful balance to ensure investments consider the complementary roles of different types of grassland sites at the landscape scale.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborating (Not Consulting) to Care for Country: Kwodjet Goorliny Symposium, Kinjaarliny/Albany, Western Australia, May 2024","authors":"Alison Lullfitz,&nbsp;Shandell Cummings,&nbsp;Jessikah Woods,&nbsp;Ursula Rodrigues,&nbsp;Susannah Cramp,&nbsp;Stephen D. Hopper","doi":"10.1111/emr.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <i>Kwodjet Goorliny</i> symposium in Kinjaarliny/Albany, Western Australia, Menang/Merningar Boodja was attended by 191 people in May 2024. The three-day symposium prioritised Indigenous voices and brought together all collaborators on the two-way science research project, <i>Walking Together,</i> as well as other cross-cultural ecology researchers, educators and practitioners from across Australia. Presenters included Noongar, Martu, Gamilaroi, Kaurareg and Yamaji traditional custodians, Indigenous rangers and representatives of research, education, health, local government, emergency management, conservation, Native Title and not-for-profit organisations. It was an opportunity to learn from and inspire one another, to celebrate achievements, and to collectively workshop next steps in cross-cultural approaches to care for Country, culture and people. Strong themes of the workshop were that successful two-way caring for Country requires robust collaborative relationships and is usually highly place-based in nature, neither of which are well-supported by short-term and scarce funding programmes. New approaches to supporting Indigenous-led, collaborative conservation work are required.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Comment on: Abundant Post-Fire Recruitment and Rapid Seedling Maturity Emphasise Regular Burning Is Beneficial for Conserving the Vulnerable Purple-Flowered Wattle (Acacia purpureopetala)’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/emr.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Burrows, G.E., P. Williams., A. Ford., and E. Collins. 2025. “Comment on: Abundant Post-Fire Recruitment and Rapid Seedling Maturity Emphasise Regular Burning Is Beneficial for Conserving the Vulnerable Purple-Flowered Wattle (<i>Acacia purpureopetala</i>).” <i>Ecological Management &amp; Restoration</i> e70018. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/emr.70018.</p><p>The affiliation of the author Andrew Ford has been updated and the correct address is shown below:</p><p>PO Box 436, Tolga, QLD, 4882, Australia.</p><p>The publisher apologizes for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practitioners' Perspective on Protecting Freshwater Biota and Habitats at Flood-Relief Pumps in New Zealand","authors":"Jonathan D. Bolland,&nbsp;Paul A. Franklin","doi":"10.1111/emr.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land drainage infrastructure, including flood-relief pumps, plays a critical role in protecting life and property, and for maintaining productive land. However, there is increasing recognition of the significant negative effects of flood-relief pumps on aquatic species and habitats. Cultural drivers and recent legislative changes in Aotearoa New Zealand are causing owners of land drainage assets (generally New Zealand's regional councils) to consider how they can mitigate their environmental impacts while continuing to maintain service levels. Resolving this challenge in New Zealand was the focus of a collaborative workshop held in February 2024. It brought together researchers, ecologists, asset managers, policy and planning specialists and engineers from regional and central government entities. Participants unanimously accepted that old ways of thinking have led to the environmental problems we face today. We need to rethink the reason the infrastructure exists, how it is operated, and how environmental considerations can be incorporated – to deliver financial, environmental, cultural and socio-economic benefits from flood-relief pumps and associated infrastructure. This was broadly captured under the concept of applying a hierarchical approach of ‘remove’ (the pumping station), ‘replace’ (harmful infrastructure with fish-friendly equivalents/alternatives), or ‘mitigate’ (the effects by modifying infrastructure and/or operation to improve two-way connectivity). All participants recognised a need to prioritise remediation efforts. Resourcing is scarce, and so there is a need to ensure that investments target interventions that achieve the best outcomes in the right places. This requires strategic spatial planning of management actions. Many barriers to uptake were identified throughout the day, including socio-political challenges, cost (upfront versus lifetime), current knowledge of existing staff and reliable evidence on effective solutions. A key takeaway message was the need for holistic, multidisciplinary, evidence-based approaches to finding solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Survivorship and Dispersal Outcomes for Small-Scale Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Translocations: A Case Study From Port Macquarie, New South Wales","authors":"Stephen Phillips,&nbsp;Cheyne Flanagan","doi":"10.1111/emr.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Processes of koala recovery will require reintroductions into parts of the species' former range and/or supplementation of other populations to assist their longer term viability. In this study, six wild-caught and three rehabilitated koalas were translocated into a new habitat area. The area into which the translocated koalas were introduced was not the subject of significant habitat use by other koalas at the time of their introduction, and a soft-release protocol that temporarily confined translocated individuals to a tree species known to be preferred for feeding purposes was also employed. Based on the results of a short-term radio-tracking programme, the translocation was deemed successful given no mortalities (including the survival of pouch young known to be present at initial capture), minimal movements away from the release site and rapid commencement of home-ranging behaviours. Male koalas ranged greater distances from their respective release sites than did female koalas. One subadult male koala moved approximately 1.6 km from the release site over a period of 5–6 weeks following release but subsequently returned. Koala activity across the area known to be utilised by the translocated koalas at the time of collar removal was monitored benignly using Spot Assessment Technique sampling at 250 m intervals for the ensuing 3 years, during which time koala activity remained dynamic but statistically constant, implying longer term survival and maintenance of site fidelity by the translocated koalas. The protocols utilised for this translocation are likely to provide a useful tool for future small-scale koala translocation programmes where reintroductions or population supplementation is required.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-Urban Deer Control Is Challenging: Three Case Studies and Strategies for Improved Outcomes","authors":"Ami Bennett,&nbsp;April M. Gloury,&nbsp;Sally Lambourne,&nbsp;Sam Gilbert,&nbsp;Rhyl Shaw,&nbsp;Sandie Czarka,&nbsp;Naomi E. Davis,&nbsp;Joe Greet","doi":"10.1111/emr.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Introduced deer are threatening Australia's natural values. Deer control is increasingly being implemented to reduce deer populations and mitigate their impacts. However, control programmes are expensive and challenging, particularly in peri-urban and agricultural landscapes. We present assessments of three typical deer control programmes from peri-urban/agricultural Victoria, south-eastern Australia. We assess programme effectiveness in reducing deer activity by using faecal pellet counts and/or camera traps, provide reflections from researchers and land managers on the potential reasons for programme successes, or lack thereof and highlight potential changes in programme strategies to improve outcomes. Ground-shooting by volunteer and/or contractor shooters removed primarily sambar (<i>Cervus unicolor</i>) in two programmes (Tarago State Forest, 2022–2023; and Jumping Creek catchment, 2017–2022), and both sambar and fallow deer (<i>Dama dama</i>) from the third programme (Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve, 2014–2019). In general, the deer control programmes did not reduce deer activity or impacts. Deer control was often too spatially restricted, and the frequency or intensity was insufficient to remove an adequate number of deer to reduce overall activity and subsequent impacts. Deer populations also often moved away from locations subject to control. Deer control is particularly difficult in fragmented peri-urban and agricultural landscapes due to deer immigration and emigration, and the logistical challenges of operating in a multi-tenure environment. To be effective, programmes need to be applied at appropriate spatial scales, monitored and adaptively managed. Community consultation and engagement is essential in peri-urban and agricultural areas to enable coordinated control across different land tenures, supported by adequate resourcing. Monitoring is critical to determine control effectiveness and enable programmes to be adaptively managed. Building on the successful collaborations and lessons learnt from previous control programmes, future programmes need to be more strategic and well-resourced to enable land managers to tackle the increasing threat posed by introduced deer in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Deer Demonstrate Species-Specific Niche Habitat Selection in the Australian Alps","authors":"E. D. McCarthy,&nbsp;C. E. Grueber,&nbsp;T. M. Newsome","doi":"10.1111/emr.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Australia's invasive deer populations continue to expand in abundance and distribution, yet there is limited information on their movement patterns and habitat preferences. This inhibits the prioritisation of areas for control and conservation protection. We tracked 20 fallow deer (<i>Dama dama</i>), 5 red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>), and 14 sambar deer (<i>Rusa unicolor</i>) to characterise their seasonal movement and habitat preferences in alpine and sub-alpine southeastern Australia. Autocorrelated kernel density estimated annual home ranges (km² ± SE) averaged 226.9 ± 54.3 for male, and 55.1 ± 46.5 for female fallow deer, 70.2 ± 35.5 for female red deer, and 25.3 ± 4.0 for male, and 80.7 (one individual) for female sambar deer. Red and sambar deer were mainly restricted to eucalyptus forest/woodland (97% of fixes for sambar, 92% for red) and native grassland (2% of fixes for sambar; 8% for red). Fallow deer, however, were more generalist, and used comparatively less eucalypt forest/woodland (73%), spending more time in cleared areas (14%), and native grasslands (13%). Seasonal resource selection functions (RSFs) showed that, relative to eucalypt forest/woodland, fallow deer preferred cleared land for all seasons except summer, heathland for all seasons except winter, and inland aquatic areas in summer. All species tended to inhabit higher elevations in summer (average: 1517 m ASL for fallow; 1709 m ASL for red; 1463 m ASL for sambar), and lower elevations in winter (average: 1344 m ASL for fallow; 1483 m ASL for red; 1102 m ASL for sambar). Additionally, seasonal RSFs showed that red deer exhibited a preference for higher elevations within their available range in every season except winter, when they preferred lower elevations. Of concern, we found that sambar deer showed a preference for previously burnt areas in autumn (53% of fixes) and spring (89% of fixes), preferring areas with low to moderate and high-severity fire damage. Prioritising areas for control and conservation should be informed by deer movement and habitat preferences, and differences in such preferences between the three species studied herein suggest the need for tailored approaches for control to be effective in reducing their numbers and impacts on ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Breed or Not to Breed? An Examination of Reproductive Success of Translocated Eastern Quolls","authors":"Jessica A. Morrison,&nbsp;Rob Brewster,&nbsp;Christopher P. Burridge,&nbsp;David G. Hamilton,&nbsp;Peter A. Harrison,&nbsp;Alex S. Kutt,&nbsp;Rowena P. Hamer","doi":"10.1111/emr.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation translocations are increasingly important for threatened species management. Translocations can achieve a range of positive conservation outcomes, such as recovering or expanding the range of a threatened species or increasing the size and genetic diversity of a population. The eastern quoll—a mesopredator extirpated from mainland Australia and declining across the island of Tasmania—is a species in need of conservation intervention, with captive to wild translocation at the forefront of current management techniques. However, efforts thus far have focused on reintroduction onto mainland Australia, rather than addressing the ongoing declines experienced by extant Tasmanian populations. To begin combatting declines of Tasmanian populations, a trial reinforcement of a wild eastern quoll population was conducted in November 2020 using 20 individuals from captive populations. This trial aimed to determine whether reinforcement could bolster population size and genetic diversity, reducing the likelihood of the population entering an extinction vortex. Following the reinforcement, we assessed the contribution of translocated adults to the subsequent cohort by genotyping both local and translocated adults, as well as juveniles born the following season. This allowed us to infer juvenile parentage and assess the contribution of translocated adults to the subsequent generation. We found that none of the genotyped juvenile cohort (<i>n</i> = 20) were conceived from translocated adults. Possible explanations include incomplete sampling of the juvenile cohort, age, naivety, intraspecific competition and increased rates of mortality or dispersal of translocated adults relative to the local population.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Permits: A Review of Coastal Wetland Restoration Approvals in Victoria","authors":"Phebe I. Rowland,&nbsp;Paul E. Carnell,&nbsp;Melissa Wartman","doi":"10.1111/emr.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The restoration of coastal wetlands or ‘blue carbon ecosystems’ will be an essential tool for achieving climate change mitigation and biodiversity targets entrenched in policies at all levels of government. Despite increasing demand for coastal wetland restoration projects across the public and private sectors, the implementation and scalability of blue carbon projects in Australia remain limited. This study aimed to characterise the permits and approvals for coastal wetland restoration projects in the Australian state of Victoria and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing legislative pathways for enabling restoration at scale. We found there were 22 separate permits and approvals across local, state and federal levels of government that may be required to carry out coastal wetland restoration projects in Victoria, excluding specific permissions associated with National Parks, marine reserves and state forests. These depend on restoration activities and land tenure as well as Planning Scheme zoning and overlays. The complexity of permitting and approval processes has been a key barrier to the widespread implementation of coastal wetland restoration projects in Victoria. We highlight the need to streamline existing legislation, advocating general permits for restoration activities in areas with high coastal wetland restoration potential. We suggest refinements to state government risk assessment methodologies and highlight the need for incentives and long-term funding to reduce financial uncertainty and advance coastal wetland restoration projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practitioners' Perspectives on the Effectiveness of Restoration Methods for Southern Australia's Arid Ecosystems","authors":"Joseph Stapleton,&nbsp;Shane R. Turner,&nbsp;David Warne,&nbsp;Singarayer Florentine","doi":"10.1111/emr.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Restoration of arid vegetation is an essential and difficult task, making the selection of the right methods for restoration an important choice. One way to determine which methods would be most effective is by accessing the accumulated knowledge of restoration practitioners, which is often unreported in the scientific literature. This study created an online survey asking questions of practitioners on the effectiveness of different methods for arid restoration, including how effective they are at promoting restoration and their financial and labour inputs. The survey was distributed to arid restoration practitioners within Australia, with a focus on the southern areas, and found that the methods most commonly used are ones that appear most effective at promoting restoration and are generally the most highly recommended. The cost and labour input did not correlate with the most used or most recommended method, suggesting that these are secondary factors and are not necessarily the most important concerns for the survey respondents. While mechanical direct seeding was indicated to have lower financial and labour inputs, both it and hand-planting were indicated to be similar in restoration ability and were both highly recommended. Grazing control methods and chemical weed control were also indicated to be effective at restoration, likely due to damage that grazing and weed competition can inflict upon plantings. Pre-seeding treatments were found to be both effective at restoration and have low labour and cost requirements, making them one of the most highly recommended methods. Soil amendments, such as water-holding gels and biochar, despite being low-to-moderate in terms of cost and labour input, were not indicated to be effective at restoration and were subsequently not highly recommended. Though some general trends could be found, respondents also commonly pointed out that the choice of methods will often depend on the site-specific conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54325,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Management & Restoration","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emr.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}