Yun-Syuan Jhong, Wen-Shin Lin, Tien-Joung Yiu, Yuan-Chih Su, Bo-Jein Kuo
{"title":"Effectiveness of different sampling schemes in predicting adventitious genetically modified maize content in a smallholder farming system.","authors":"Yun-Syuan Jhong, Wen-Shin Lin, Tien-Joung Yiu, Yuan-Chih Su, Bo-Jein Kuo","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1846483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1846483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When genetically modified (GM) maize is planted in an open field, it may cross-pollinate with the nearby non-GM maize under certain airflow conditions. Suitable sampling methods are crucial for tracing adventitious GM content. By using field data and bootstrap simulation, we evaluated the performance of common sampling schemes to determine the adventitious GM content in small maize fields in Taiwan. A pollen dispersal model that considered the effect of field borders, which are common in Asian agricultural landscapes, was used to predict the cross-pollination (CP) rate. For the 2009-1 field data, the six-transect (T<sub>six</sub>), JM method for low expected flow (JM[L]), JM method for high expected flow (JM[H]), and V-shaped transect (T<sub>V</sub>) methods performed comparably to simple random sampling (SRS). T<sub>six</sub>, T<sub>V</sub>, JM(L), and JM(H) required only 13% or less of the sample size required by SRS. After the simulation and verification of the 2009-2 and 2010-1 field data, we concluded that T<sub>six</sub>, T<sub>V</sub>, JM(L), and systematic random sampling methods performed equally as well as SRS in CP rate predictions. Our findings can serve as a reference for monitoring the pollen dispersal tendencies of maize in countries with smallholder farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"212-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1846483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38356943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swati Tyagi, Robin Kumar, Vivak Kumar, So Youn Won, Pratyoosh Shukla
{"title":"Engineering disease resistant plants through CRISPR-Cas9 technology.","authors":"Swati Tyagi, Robin Kumar, Vivak Kumar, So Youn Won, Pratyoosh Shukla","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1831729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1831729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants are susceptible to phytopathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which cause colossal financial shortfalls (pre- and post-harvest) and threaten global food safety. To combat with these phytopathogens, plant possesses two-layer of defense in the form of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), or Effectors-triggered immunity (ETI). The understanding of plant-molecular interactions and revolution of high-throughput molecular techniques have opened the door for innovations in developing pathogen-resistant plants. In this context, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has transformed genome editing (GE) technology and being harnessed for altering the traits. Here we have summarized the complexities of plant immune system and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the various components of plant immune system to acquire long-lasting resistance in plants against phytopathogens. This review also sheds the light on the limitations of CRISPR-Cas9 system, regulation of CRISPR-Cas9 edited crops and future prospective of this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"125-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1831729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38508639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of using genetically modified (GM) corn/maize in Vietnam: Results of the first farm-level survey.","authors":"Graham Brookes, Tran Xuan Dinh","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1816800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1816800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the farm-level economic and environmental impacts from the use of genetically modified (GM) corn in Vietnam (resistant to Lepidopteran pests of corn and tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate). It was largely based on a farmer survey conducted in 2018-19. The GM varieties out-performed conventional varieties in terms of yield by +30.4% (+15.2% if the yield comparison is with only the nearest performing equivalent conventional varieties) and reduced the cost of production by between US $26.47 per ha and US $31.30 per ha. For every extra US $1 spent on GM seed relative to conventional seed, farmers gained between an additional US $6.84 and US $12.55 in extra income. The GM maize technology also reduced insecticide and herbicide use. The average amount of herbicide active ingredient applied to the GM crop area was 26% lower (1.66 kg per ha) than the average value for the conventional corn area (2.26 kg/ai per ha) and in terms of the associated environmental impact of the herbicide use, as measured by the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) indicator, it was lower by 36% than the average value applicable to the conventional corn area. Insecticides were used on a significantly lower GM crop area and, when used, in smaller amounts. The average amount of insecticide applied to the GM corn crop was significantly lower by 78% (0.08 kg/ai per ha) than the average value for the conventional corn area (0.36 kg/ai per ha) and in terms of the associated environmental impact of the insecticide use, as measured by the EIQ indicator, it was also lower by 77% than the average value for conventional corn (14.06 per ha).</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1816800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38439018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consumer intention to purchase GM soybean oil in China: effects of information consistency and source credibility.","authors":"Mingyang Zhang, Zihao Chen, Yubing Fan, Zhiqiang Cheng, Ting Lv, Yuling Chen","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2021.2002627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2021.2002627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumers' potential reactions toward genetically modified (GM) foods affect their commercial feasibility and determine the decisions of economic agents. Inconsistent information on GM foods has created a sense of uncertainty in Chinese consumers' mind. This paper studies how the information about risks and benefits of GM foods from major sources influences Chinese consumer intention to purchase GM soybean oil. This analysis uses data from a survey of 880 residents randomly sampled from 13 cities in Jiangsu province. Using a multinomial logit model, we analyze the effects of information consistency and source credibility. The results show because of new information about 17.36% of consumers increase their intention to purchase GM soybean oil, and 15.10% of consumers decrease purchase intention. Compared to consistent information, inconsistent information can maximize change of purchase intention. The attitude change is greatest when there is a moderate difference between the new information and the initial consumer attitude. Furthermore, trust in biotechnology research institutes, government departments about GM, and GM experts are easier to promote consumers to change their intention to purchase GM soybean oil in a positive direction. Finally, we discuss implications for agencies as to strengthening the regulation and supervision of information sources, and including public-involved policies.<b>Abbreviations:</b> GM, Genetically modified; GMOs, Genetically modified organisms; AGGMO, Center of Agriculture's Genetically Modified Organisms' safety management and policy research organization at Nanjing Agricultural University; MARA, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; ¥1 (RMB)≈$6.8 (USD).</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"520-534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9208621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39658833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2021.1843218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2021.1843218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2021.1843218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38685328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alteration of resveratrol-dependent glycosyltransferase activity by elicitation in DJ-526 rice.","authors":"Vipada Kantayos, Jin-Suk Kim, So-Hyeon Baek","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1859314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1859314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the successful creation of DJ-526, a resveratrol-enriched rice cultivar, research has focused on resveratrol production because of its great potential in pharmaceutical applications. However, the utilization of resveratrol in DJ-526 is limited by glycosylation, which converts resveratrol to its glucoside (piceid), in a process driven by glycosyltransferase. The verification of resveratrol-dependent glycosyltransferase activity is an essential strategy for improving resveratrol production in DJ-526 rice. In this study, 27 candidate glycosyltransferases were evaluated in germinated seeds. Among the candidates, only R12 exhibited upregulation related to increased resveratrol and piceid content during seed germination, whereas various effects on the activity of glycosyltransferase were observed by the presence of a bio-elicitor. Yeast extract tended to enhance glycosyltransferase activity by seven candidates, and a specific peak for an unknown compound production was identified. Conversely, chitosan acted as a glycosyltransferase inhibitor. Our results suggested that R12 and R19 are the most relevant candidate resveratrol-dependent glycosyltransferases in DJ-526 seeds during germination and elicitation. Future research should assess the possibility of silencing these candidate genes in an effort to improve resveratrol levels in DJ-526 rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"242-250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1859314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38778579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2021.1956203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2021.1956203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2021.1956203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39223023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gideon Sadikiel Mmbando, Mika Teranishi, Jun Hidema
{"title":"Transgenic rice <i>Oryza glaberrima</i> with higher CPD photolyase activity alleviates UVB-caused growth inhibition.","authors":"Gideon Sadikiel Mmbando, Mika Teranishi, Jun Hidema","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2021.1977068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2021.1977068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ultraviolet B (UVB) sensitivity of rice cultivated in Asia and Africa varies greatly, with African rice cultivars (<i>Oryza glaberrima</i> Steud. and <i>O. barthii</i> A. Chev.) being more sensitive to UVB because of their low cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase activity, which is a CPD repair enzyme, relative to Asian rice cultivars (<i>O. sativa</i> L.). Hence, the production of UVB-resistant African rice with augmented CPD photolyase activity is of great importance, although difficulty in transforming the African rice cultivars to this end has been reported. Here, we successfully produced overexpressing transgenic African rice with higher CPD photolyase activity by modifying media conditions for callus induction and regeneration using the parental line (PL), UVB-sensitive African rice TOG12380 (<i>O. glaberrima</i>). The overexpressing transgenic African rice carried a single copy of the CPD photolyase enzyme, with a 4.4-fold higher level of CPD photolyase transcripts and 2.6-fold higher activity than its PL counterpart. When the plants were grown for 21 days in a growth chamber under visible radiation or with supplementary various UVB radiation, the overexpressing transgenic plants have a significantly increased UVB resistance index compared to PL plants. These results strongly suggest that CPD photolyase remains an essential factor for tolerating UVB radiation stress in African rice. As a result, African rice cultivars with overexpressed CPD photolyase may survive better in tropical areas more prone to UVB radiation stress, including Africa. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence that CPD photolyase is a useful biotechnological tool for reducing UVB-induced growth inhibition in African rice crops of <i>O. glaberrima</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"435-448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39747202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhila Osmani, Mohammad Sadegh Sabet, Kenji S Nakahara, Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, Khabat Vahabi, Ahmad Moieni, Masoud Shams-Bakhsh
{"title":"Identification of a defense response gene involved in signaling pathways against PVA and PVY in potato.","authors":"Zhila Osmani, Mohammad Sadegh Sabet, Kenji S Nakahara, Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, Khabat Vahabi, Ahmad Moieni, Masoud Shams-Bakhsh","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1823776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1823776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potato is the most important non-grain food crop in the world. Viruses, particularly potato virus Y (PVY) and potato virus A (PVA), are among the major agricultural pathogens causing severe reduction in potato yield and quality worldwide. Virus infection induces host factors to interfere with its infection cycle. Evaluation of these factors facilitates the development of intrinsic resistance to plant viruses. In this study, a small G-protein as one of the critical signaling factors was evaluated in plant response to PVY and PVA to enhance resistance. For this purpose, the gene expression dataset of G-proteins in potato plant under five biotic (viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and insects) and four abiotic (cold, heat, salinity, and drought) stress conditions were collected from gene expression databases. We reduced the number of the selected G-proteins to a single protein, <i>StSAR1A</i>, which is possibly involved in virus inhibition. <i>StSAR1A</i> overexpressed transgenic plants were created via the Agrobacterium-mediated method. Real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests of transgenic plants mechanically inoculated with PVY and PVA indicated that the overexpression of <i>StSAR1A</i> gene enhanced resistance to both viruses. The virus-infected transgenic plants exhibited a greater stem length, a larger leaf size, a higher fresh/dry weight, and a greater node number than those of the wild-type plants. The maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, stomatal conductivity, and net photosynthetic rate in the virus-infected transgenic plants were also obviously higher than those of the control. The present study may help to understand aspects of resistance against viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"86-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1823776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38467334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Hejri, Azam Salimi, Mohammad Ali Malboobi, Foad Fatehi
{"title":"Comparative proteome analyses of rhizomania resistant transgenic sugar beets based on RNA silencing mechanism.","authors":"Sara Hejri, Azam Salimi, Mohammad Ali Malboobi, Foad Fatehi","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2021.1954467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2021.1954467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizomania is an economically important disease of sugar beet, which is caused by <i>Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</i> (BNYVV). As previously shown, RNA silencing mechanism effectively inhibit the viral propagation in transgenic sugar beet plants. To investigate possible proteomic changes induced by gene insertion and/or RNA silencing mechanism, the root protein profiles of wild type sugar beet genotype 9597, as a control, and transgenic events named 6018-T3:S6-44 (S6) and 219-T3:S3-13.2 (S3) were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The accumulation levels of 25 and 24 proteins were differentially regulated in S3 and S6 plants, respectively. The accumulation of 15 spots were increased or decreased more than 2-fold. Additionally, 10 spots repressed or induced in both, while seven spots showed variable results in two events. All the differentially expressed spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. The functional analysis of differentially accumulated proteins showed that most of them are related to the metabolism and defense/stress response. None of these recognized proteins were allergens or toxic proteins except for a spot identified as phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase, Pyrc5, which was decreased in the genetically modified S6 plant. These data are in favor of substantial equivalence of the transgenic plants in comparison to their related wild type cultivar since the proteomic profile of sugar beet root was not remarkably affected by gene transfer and activation RNA silencing mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"12 1","pages":"419-433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}