Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain最新文献

{"title":"Prospects for potato genome editing to engineer resistance against viruses and cold-induced sweetening.","authors":"Amir Hameed,&nbsp;Muhammad Aamer Mehmood,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahid,&nbsp;Shabih Fatma,&nbsp;Aysha Khan,&nbsp;Sumbal Ali","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2019.1631115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2019.1631115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crop improvement through transgenic technologies is commonly tagged with GMO (genetically-modified-organisms) where the presence of transgene becomes a big question for the society and the legislation authorities. However, new plant breeding techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 system [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated 9] can overcome these limitations through transgene-free products. Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) being a major food crop has the potential to feed the rising world population. Unfortunately, the cultivated potato suffers considerable production losses due to several pre- and post-harvest stresses such as plant viruses (majorly RNA viruses) and cold-induced sweetening (CIS; the conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose inside cell vacuole). A number of strategies, ranging from crop breeding to genetic engineering, have been employed so far in potato for trait improvement. Recently, new breeding techniques have been utilized to knock-out potato genes/factors like eukaryotic translation initiation factors [<i>elF4E</i> and isoform <i>elF(iso)4E</i>)], that interact with viruses to assist viral infection, and vacuolar invertase, a core enzyme in CIS. In this context, CRISPR technology is predicted to reduce the cost of potato production and is likely to pass through the regulatory process being marker and transgene-free. The current review summarizes the potential application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for traits improvement in potato. Moreover, the prospects for engineering resistance against potato fungal pathogens and current limitations/challenges are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 4","pages":"185-205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2019.1631115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37396412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic and compositional assessment of genetically modified DP23211 maize for corn rootworm control.","authors":"Jennifer A Anderson, James Mickelson, Mary Challender, Emily Moellring, Theresa Sult, Sarah TeRonde, Carl Walker, Yiwei Wang, Carl A Maxwell","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1770556","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1770556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DP23211 maize was genetically modified (GM) to express DvSSJ1 double-stranded RNA and the IPD072Aa protein for control of corn rootworm (<i>Diabrotica</i> spp.). DP23211 maize also expresses the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein for tolerance to glufosinate herbicide, and the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) protein that was used as a selectable marker. A multi-location field trial was conducted during the 2018 growing season at 12 sites selected to be representative of the major maize-growing regions of the U.S. and Canada. Standard agronomic endpoints as well as compositional analytes from grain and forage (e.g., proximates, fibers, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, anti-nutrients, secondary metabolites) were evaluated and compared to non-GM near-isoline control maize (control maize) and non-GM commercial maize (reference maize). A small number of agronomic endpoints were statistically significant compared to the control maize, but were not considered to be biologically relevant when adjusted using the false discovery rate method (FDR) or when compared to the range of natural variation established from in-study reference maize. A small number of composition analytes were statistically significant compared to the control maize. These analytes were not statistically significant when adjusted using FDR, and all analyte values fell within the range of natural variation established from in-study reference range, literature range or tolerance interval, indicating that the composition of DP23211 maize grain and forage is substantially equivalent to conventional maize represented by non-GM near-isoline control maize and non-GM commercial maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 4","pages":"206-214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/8e/KGMC_11_1770556.PMC7518745.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38056192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional analysis of transgenic Bt-chickpea resistant to <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>.","authors":"Rubi Gupta, Ananta Madhab Baruah, Sumita Acharjee, Bidyut Kumar Sarmah","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1782147","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1782147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgenic chickpeas expressing high levels of a truncated version of the <i>cry1Ac</i> (tr<i>cry1Ac</i>) gene conferred complete protection to <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> in the greenhouse. Homozygous progeny of two lines, Cry1Ac.1 and Cry1Ac.2, had similar growth pattern and other morphological characteristics, including seed yield, compared to the non-transgenic counterpart; therefore, seed compositional analysis was carried out. These selected homozygous chickpea lines were selfed for ten generations along with the non-transgenic parent under contained conditions. A comparative seed composition assessment, seed storage proteins profiling, and <i>in vitro</i> protein digestibility were performed to confirm that these lines do not have significant alterations in seed composition compared to the parent. Our analyses showed no significant difference in primary nutritional composition between transgenic and non-transgenic chickpeas. In addition, the seed storage protein profile also showed no variation between the transgenic chickpea lines. Seed protein digestibility assays using simulated gastric fluid revealed a similar rate of digestion of proteins from the transgenic tr<i>cry1Ac</i> lines compared to the non-transgenic line. Thus, our data suggest no unintended changes in the seed composition of transgenic chickpea expressing a tr<i>cry1Ac</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 4","pages":"262-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523883/pdf/KGMC_11_1782147.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38098534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GM crop technology use 1996-2018: farm income and production impacts.","authors":"Graham Brookes,&nbsp;Peter Barfoot","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1779574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1779574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper estimates the global value of using genetically modified (GM) crop technology in agriculture at the farm level. It follows and updates earlier studies which examined impacts on yields, key variable costs of production, direct farm (gross) income, and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola. This updated analysis shows that there continues to be very significant net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $18.9 billion in 2018 and $225.1 billion for the period 1996-2018 (in nominal terms). These gains have been divided 52% to farmers in developing countries and 48% to farmers in developed countries. Seventy-two per cent of the gains have derived from yield and production gains with the remaining 28% coming from cost savings. The technology has also made important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops, having, for example, added 278 million tonnes and 498 million tonnes, respectively, to the global production of soybeans and maize since the introduction of the technology in the mid-1990 s. In terms of investment, for each extra dollar invested in GM crop seeds (relative to the cost of conventional seed), farmers gained an average US $3.75 in extra income. In developing countries, the average return was $4.41 for each extra dollar invested in GM crop seed and in developed countries the average return was $3.24.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 4","pages":"242-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1779574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38190114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SlEAD1, an EAR motif-containing ABA down-regulated novel transcription repressor regulates ABA response in tomato.","authors":"Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xutong Wang,&nbsp;Yating Wang,&nbsp;Ganghua Zhou,&nbsp;Chen Wang,&nbsp;Saddam Hussain,&nbsp;Adnan,&nbsp;Rao Lin,&nbsp;Tianya Wang,&nbsp;Shucai Wang","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1790287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1790287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EAR motif-containing proteins are able to repress gene expression, therefore play important roles in regulating plants growth and development, plant response to environmental stimuli, as well as plant hormone signal transduction. ABA is a plant hormone that regulates abiotic stress tolerance in plants via signal transduction. ABA signaling via the PYR1/PYLs/RCARs receptors, the PP2Cs phosphatases, and SnRK2s protein kinases activates the ABF/AREB/ABI5-type bZIP transcription factors, resulting in the activation/repression of ABA response genes. However, functions of many ABA response genes remained largely unknown. We report here the identification of the ABA-responsive gene <i>SlEAD1</i> (<i>Solanum lycopersicum EAR motif-containing ABA down-regulated 1</i>) as a novel EAR motif-containing transcription repressor gene in tomato. We found that the expression of <i>SlEAD1</i> was down-regulated by ABA treatment, and SlEAD1 repressed reporter gene expression in transfected protoplasts. By using CRISPR gene editing, we generated transgene-free <i>slead1</i> mutants and found that the mutants produced short roots. By using seed germination and root elongation assays, we examined ABA response of the <i>slead1</i> mutants and found that ABA sensitivity in the mutants was increased. By using qRT-PCR, we further show that the expression of some of the ABA biosynthesis and signaling component genes were increased in the <i>slead1</i> mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that <i>SlEAD1</i> is an ABA response gene, that SlEAD1 is a novel EAR motif-containing transcription repressor, and that SlEAD1 negatively regulates ABA responses in tomato possibly by repressing the expression of some ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 4","pages":"275-289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1790287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38187510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of genetically modified maize in Jordan.","authors":"Abeer Aburumman,&nbsp;Hussein Migdadi,&nbsp;Muhanad Akash,&nbsp;Ayed Al-Abdallat,&nbsp;Yaser Hassan Dewir,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1747353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1747353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to detect genetically modified maize (GMM) in seeds of eleven imported maize hybrids grown in Jordan. We used promoter <i>35 S</i> and <i>T-nos</i> terminator for general screening of transgenic materials. Conventional PCR detected the specific events for the screening of Bt 11, MON810, and Bt176 events. Seeds of eleven maize hybrids samples showed a positive response to the <i>35 S</i> promoter; nine out of eleven showed a positive response for <i>T-nos</i> terminator. Bt11 event was the most used in GMM seeds, where seven out of eleven samples showed positive results. Two out of eleven hybrids showed the presence of the Bt176 event; however, MON810 not detected in any of the tested hybrids. We studied the Bt11 event in imported GMM seeds in Jordan for the first time, reinforcing the need for a mandatory labeling system and a valid simple qualitative method in routine analysis of GMCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 3","pages":"164-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1747353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37812346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional analysis of soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5.","authors":"Mariana V Chiozza, Moisés Burachik, Patricia V Miranda","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1742040","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1742040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is the world's largest source of protein feed and the second largest source of vegetable oil. Water restriction is the main limiting factor to achieve maximum soybean yields. Therefore, development of varieties that maintain yield under environmental stresses is a major objective of soybean breeding programs. The <i>HaHB4</i> (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> homeobox 4) gene from sunflower encodes for a transcription factor involved in the plant´s tolerance to environmental stress. The introduction of <i>HaHB4</i> in soybean led to the development of event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 (HB4® soybean), which displayed higher yield in environments having low productivity potential, compared with the parental control variety. Compositional analyses of soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 were conducted both in Argentina and the United Sates. A total of 44 components were analyzed in grain and 9 components in forage. Based on the results of these studies it was concluded that soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 was compositionally equivalent to its non-transgenic parental control.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 3","pages":"154-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1742040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37886280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically modified (GM) crop use in Colombia: farm level economic and environmental contributions.","authors":"Graham Brookes","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1715156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1715156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assesses the economic and environmental impacts that have arisen from the adoption and use of genetically modified (GM) cotton and maize in Colombia in the fifteen years since GM cotton was first planted in Colombia in 2003. A total of 1.07 million hectares have been planted to cotton and maize containing GM traits since 2003, with farmers benefiting from an increase in income of US $301.7 million. For every extra US $1 spent on this seed relative to conventional seed, farmers have gained an additional US $3.09 in extra income from growing GM cotton and an extra US $5.25 in extra income from growing GM maize. These income gains have mostly arisen from higher yields (+30.2% from using stacked (herbicide tolerant and insect resistant cotton and +17.4% from using stacked maize). The cotton and maize seed technology have reduced insecticide and herbicide spraying by 779,400 kg of active ingredient (-19%) and, as a result, decreased the environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide use on these crops (as measured by the indicator, the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ)) by 26%. The technology has also facilitated cuts in fuel use, resulting in a reduction in the release of greenhouse gas emissions from the GM cotton and maize cropping area and contributed to saving scarce land resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 3","pages":"140-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1715156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37601797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of sugarcane processing on the presence of GM DNA and protein in sugar.","authors":"Maria Lorena Sereno,&nbsp;Sofia Infante,&nbsp;Adriana Cheavegatti-Gianotto,&nbsp;Kyra Hjelle,&nbsp;Ronald Lirette,&nbsp;Lucas Cutri,&nbsp;Moisés Sarto Rocha,&nbsp;Jerry Hjelle,&nbsp;Christopher Cullis","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1771134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1771134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Brazilian Sucro-energy Sector produces both energy, in the form of ethanol fuel, industrial steam and electricity, and sugar. <i>Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira</i> (CTC), the leading Brazilian sugarcane breeding company, has developed a pipeline of insect-protected sugarcane varieties to control sugarcane borer damage. The goal of this manuscript is to present the results of studies with three genetically modified (GM) sugarcane varieties and to evaluate the published literature regarding the possible presence of GM sugarcane DNA or protein in raw or refined sugar. Specifically, two varieties of approved GM sugarcane, CTC91087-6 and CTC175-A, and an experimental CTC variety, were grown in four individual plots to produce four batches each of processed raw sugar using standard smaller-scale laboratory processing methods resulting in a total of 12 independent batches of raw sugar. Herein, we report the development of event-specific probes and DNA detection methods, designed to detect the junction of sugarcane genomic DNA and the inserted DNA of the two approved GM varieties. An identical approach was used for the testing of sugar made from the experimental CTC variety. The methodology used TaqMan® real-time PCR and ELISA assays validated for the four GM proteins expressed by these three events (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, NPTII, and PAT (bar)). The developed assays had very low limits of detection (LODs) for the various event-specific DNA probes (7.2-25 ng/g sugar) and insecticidal and selectable marker proteins (2.9-10.9 ng/g sugar). No event-specific DNA and no GM proteins were detectable in the 12 independent batches of raw sugar produced from these three GM sugarcane events. The results of this study, using very sensitive methods and testing several sugar batches, extend the conclusions of previous studies, reviewed herein, that showed the extensive degradation and removal of DNA and protein during sugarcane processing. Overall, these results indicate that there are no distinguishable differences between the highly purified, chemically defined sugar produced from conventional or GM varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 3","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1771134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38030348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chile as a key enabler country for global plant breeding, agricultural innovation, and biotechnology.","authors":"M A Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2020.1761757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1761757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chile has become one of the main global players in seed production for counter-season markets and research purposes. Chile has a key role contributing to the reduction in seed production shortages in the Northern Hemisphere by speeding up the development of new hybrids, cultivars, and genetically modified (GM) organisms. The seeds that Chile produces for export include a considerable amount of GM seeds. Between 2009 and 2018, 1,081 different seed-planting events were undertaken for seed multiplication and/or research purposes. Every single event that had commodity cultivation status in 2018 in at least one country underwent field activities in Chile at least once over the last 10 y. Chile just adopted a regulatory approach for new plant breeding techniques. This type of regulatory approach should contribute to maintaining the status of Chile as a hot spot for future innovation in plant breeding-based biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"11 3","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21645698.2020.1761757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37928076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}