Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Estimating wood quality attributes from dense airborne LiDAR point clouds","authors":"Nicolas Cattaneo,&nbsp;Stefano Puliti,&nbsp;Carolin Fischer,&nbsp;Rasmus Astrup","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mapping individual tree quality parameters from high-density LiDAR point clouds is an important step towards improved forest inventories. We present a novel machine learning-based workflow that uses individual tree point clouds from drone laser scanning to predict wood quality indicators in standing trees. Unlike object reconstruction methods, our approach is based on simple metrics computed on vertical slices that summarize information on point distances, angles, and geometric attributes of the space between and around the points. Our models use these slice metrics as predictors and achieve high accuracy for predicting the diameter of the largest branch per log (DLBs) and stem diameter at different heights (DS) from survey-grade drone laser scans. We show that our models are also robust and accurate when tested on suboptimal versions of the data generated by reductions in the number of points or emulations of suboptimal single-tree segmentation scenarios. Our approach provides a simple, clear, and scalable solution that can be adapted to different situations both for research and more operational mapping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000204/pdfft?md5=37b85da963557658a2fb976ab5945f29&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity","authors":"Teresa Valor ,&nbsp;Lluís Coll ,&nbsp;David I. Forrester ,&nbsp;Hans Pretzsch ,&nbsp;Miren del Río ,&nbsp;Kamil Bielak ,&nbsp;Bogdan Brzeziecki ,&nbsp;Franz Binder ,&nbsp;Torben Hilmers ,&nbsp;Zuzana Sitková ,&nbsp;Roberto Tognetti ,&nbsp;Aitor Ameztegui","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>), fir (<em>Abies alba</em>), and beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic gradient.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter- and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to climate. Likelihood methods and information theory were used to select the best model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species' response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter- than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species’ growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their maximum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of the target tree to competition. The modelling approach should be useful in future research to expand our knowledge of how competition modulates forest communities across environmental gradients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000125/pdfft?md5=495aadb6b254702db4bb892dc162dd2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effect of invasive organisms on forests under information uncertainty: The case of pine wood nematode in continental Europe","authors":"Nick Schafstall ,&nbsp;Laura Dobor ,&nbsp;Marco Baldo ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Liebhold ,&nbsp;Werner Rammer ,&nbsp;Juha Honkaniemi ,&nbsp;Tomáš Hlásny","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forests worldwide are experiencing increasingly intense biotic disturbances; however, assessing impacts of these disturbances is challenging due to the diverse range of organisms involved and the complex interactions among them. This particularly applies to invasive species, which can greatly alter ecological processes in their invaded territories. Here we focus on the pine wood nematode (PWN, <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>), an invasive pathogen that has caused extensive mortality of pines in East Asia and more recently has invaded southern Europe. It is expected to expand its range into continental Europe with heavy impacts possible.</p><p>Given the unknown dynamics of PWN in continental Europe, we reviewed laboratory and field experiments conducted in Asia and southern Europe to parameterize the main components of PWN biology and host-pathogen interactions in the Biotic Disturbance Engine (BITE), a model designed to implement a variety of forest biotic agents, from fungi to large herbivores. To simulate dynamically changing host availability and conditions, BITE was coupled with the forest landscape model iLand. The potential impacts of introducing PWN were assessed in a Central European forest landscape (40,928 ​ha), likely within PWN’s reach in future decades.</p><p>A parameter sensitivity analysis indicated a substantial influence of factors related to dispersal, colonization, and vegetation impact, whereas parameters related to population growth manifested a minor effect. Selection of different assumptions about biological processes resulted in differential timing and size of the main mortality wave, eliminating 40%–95% of pine trees within 100 years post-introduction, with a maximum annual carbon loss between 1.3% and 4.2%. PWN-induced tree mortality reduced the Gross Primary Productivity, increased heterotrophic respiration, and generated a distinct legacy sink effect in the recovery period. This assessment has corroborated the ecological plausibility of the simulated dynamics and highlighted the need for new strategies to navigate the substantial uncertainty in the agent’s biology and population dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000629/pdfft?md5=e0db509e5478fb57f2863f99afe2e5cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree allometry responses to competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations of Betula alnoides","authors":"Boyao Chen ,&nbsp;Kaili Liu ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Wang ,&nbsp;Junjie Guo ,&nbsp;Junkun Lu ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tree allometry plays a crucial role in tree survival, stability, and timber quantity and quality of mixed-species plantations. However, the responses of tree allometry to resource utilisation within the framework of interspecific competition and complementarity remain poorly understood. Taking into consideration strong- and weak-space competition (SC and WC), as well as N₂-fixing and non-N₂-fixing tree species (FN and nFN), a mixed-species planting trial was conducted for <em>Betula alnoides</em>, a pioneer tree species, which was separately mixed with <em>Acacia melanoxylon</em> (SC ​+ ​FN), <em>Erythrophleum fordii</em> (WC ​+ ​FN), <em>Eucalyptus cloeziana</em> (SC ​+ ​nFN) and <em>Pinus kesiya</em> var. <em>l</em><em>angbianensis</em> (WC ​+ ​nFN) in southern China. Six years after planting, tree growth, total nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents, and the natural abundances of ¹⁵N and ¹³C in the leaves were measured for each species, and the mycorrhizal colonisation rates of <em>B. alnoides</em> were investigated under each treatment. Allometric variations and their relationships with space competition and nutrient-related factors were analyzed. The results showed a consistent effect of space competition on the height-diameter relationship of <em>B. alnoides</em> in mixtures with FN or nFN. The tree height growth of <em>B. alnoides</em> was significantly promoted under high space competition, and growth in diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and crown size were all expedited in mixtures with FN. The symbiotic relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi and <em>B. alnoides</em> was significantly influenced by both space competition and N₂ fixation by the accompanying tree species, whereas such significant effects were absent for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Furthermore, high space competition significantly decreased the water use efficiency (WUE) of <em>B. alnoides</em>, and its N use efficiency (NUE) was much lower in the FN mixtures. Structural equation modeling further demonstrated that the stem allometry of <em>B. alnoides</em> was affected by its NUE and WUE via changes in its height growth, and crown allometry was influenced by the mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms driving tree allometric responses to above- and below-ground resource competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations, which are instructive for the establishment of mixed-species plantations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000435/pdfft?md5=24128237fb4938d4fb24b581a43e73ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000435-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking nutrient resorption stoichiometry with plant growth under long-term nitrogen addition","authors":"Aijun Xing ,&nbsp;Haihua Shen ,&nbsp;Longchao Xu ,&nbsp;Mengying Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhengbing Yan ,&nbsp;Jingyun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased nitrogen (N) input can potentially lead to secondary phosphorus (P) limitation; however, it remains unclear whether differences in the plant's ability to cope with this P deficiency are related to their growth responses. Using a long-term experiment of N addition in a boreal forest, we explored the potential role of plant nutrient resorption efficiency and its stoichiometry in mediating plant growth responses to increased N input. We recorded the cover and measured the concentration and resorption efficiency of leaf N and P as well as the photosynthesis of a grass <em>Deyeuxia angustifolia</em> and a shrub <em>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</em>. The cover of the grass <em>D. angustifolia</em> increased with increasing N addition, while that of the shrub <em>V. vitis-idaea</em> decreased with N addition rate and almost disappeared from the high-level N addition over time. P resorption efficiency (PRE) increased in <em>D. angustifolia</em> but decreased in <em>V. vitis-idaea</em> with increasing leaf N:P which was increased by N addition for both species. In addition, photosynthesis increased linearly with N resorption efficiency (NRE) and PRE but was better explained by NRE:PRE, changing nonlinearly with the ratio in a hump-shaped trend. Furthermore, the variance (CV) of NRE:PRE for <em>V. vitis-idaea</em> (123%) was considerably higher than that for <em>D. angustifolia</em> (29%), indicating a more stable nutrient resorption stoichiometry of the grass. Taken together, these results highlight that efficient P acquisition and use strategy through nutrient resorption processes could be a pivotal underlying mechanism driving plant growth and community composition shifts under N enrichment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000575/pdfft?md5=29619f1d424df3863a57ab33098da394&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem service multifunctionality of mixed conifer-broad-leaved forests under climate change and forest management based on matrix growth modelling","authors":"Xue Du ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Lei ,&nbsp;Xiao He ,&nbsp;Jie Lan ,&nbsp;Hong Guo ,&nbsp;Qigang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change and forest management are recognized as pivotal factors influencing forest ecosystem services and thus multifunctionality. However, the magnitude and the relative importance of climate change and forest management effects on the multifunctionality remain unclear, especially for natural mixed forests. In this study, our objective is to address this gap by utilizing simulations of climate-sensitive transition matrix growth models based on national forest inventory plot data. We evaluated the effects of seven management scenarios (combinations of various cutting methods and intensities) on the future provision of ecosystem services and multifunctionality in mixed conifer-broad-leaved forests in northeastern China, under four climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5, and constant climate). Provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services were described by timber production, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, tree species diversity, deadwood volume, and the number of large living trees. Our findings indicated that timber production was significantly influenced by management scenarios, while tree species diversity, deadwood volume, and large living trees were impacted by both climate and management separately. Carbon storage and sequestration were notably influenced by both management and the interaction of climate and management. These findings emphasized the profound impact of forest management on ecosystem services, outweighing that of climate scenarios alone. We found no single management scenario maximized all six ecosystem service indicators. The upper story thinning by 5% intensity with 5-year interval (UST5) management strategy emerged with the highest multifunctionality, surpassing the lowest values by more than 20% across all climate scenarios. In conclusion, our results underlined the potential of climate-sensitive transition matrix growth models as a decision support tool and provided recommendations for long-term strategies for multifunctional forest management under future climate change context. Ecosystem services and multifunctionality of forests could be enhanced by implementing appropriate management measures amidst a changing climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000678/pdfft?md5=c07dd123bffb0c8f0c47c3a19f9137f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000678-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land-use legacies affect the composition and distribution of tree species and their belowground functions in a succession from old-field to mature temperate forest","authors":"Gisselle A. Mejía ,&nbsp;Chenyang Su ,&nbsp;David Allen ,&nbsp;V. Bala Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Theresa W. Ong","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests undergoing ecological succession following abandonment from agricultural use (i.e., old fields) are ubiquitous in temperate regions of the U.S. and Europe. Ecological succession in old fields involves changes in vegetation composition influenced by factors such as land-use history, soil conditions, and dispersal limitations. Species’ behavioral, morphological, physiological and life-history attributes influence the outcomes of environmental and biotic filters on distribution and abundance. However, many studies have focused on aboveground attributes, while less attention has been placed on belowground species characteristics that influence community assembly and function. In this study, we used a trait-based approach to examine how aboveground plant composition and distribution vary with plant root functional traits (e.g., mycorrhizal association) that mediate access for nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). We inventoried every tree stem (<em>n</em> ​= ​11,551) in a 10-ha forested area containing old-field and historical forests and matched every species with root functional traits (<em>n</em> ​= ​33) from established databases. We found that land-use history influences community composition and distribution in old-field forests, which also varied with belowground root functional traits. Community composition in old-field forests, which were dominated by <em>Acer saccharum</em> and non-native species, were largely associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and higher root nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, community composition in historical forests – largely dominated by <em>Tsuga canadensis</em> – were associated with ectomycorrhiza (EcM) and more variation of root length and depth. These results suggest that changes in aboveground communities have implications for belowground ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling) which are important to forest ecosystem development. Trait-based approaches can elucidate mechanisms of community assembly, and understanding how traits influence species coexistence and interactions can inform management decisions related to biodiversity conservation and restoration efforts in disturbed or altered forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of spatial structure in thinned forests","authors":"Zichun Wang ,&nbsp;Yaoxiang Li ,&nbsp;Guangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zheyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ya Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Liu ,&nbsp;Rundong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As is widely known, an increasing number of forest areas were managed to preserve and enhance the health of forest ecosystems. However, previous research on forest management has often overlooked the importance of structure-based.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Our objectives were to define the direction of structure-based forest management. Subsequently, we investigated the relationships between forest structure and the regeneration, growth, and mortality of trees under different thinning treatments. Ultimately, the drivers of forest structural change were explored.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>On the basis of 92 sites selected from northeastern China, with different recovery time (from 1 to 15 years) and different thinning intensities (0–59.9%) since the last thinning. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified relationships among factors determining forest spatial structure. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the driving factors behind the changes in forest spatial structure after thinning.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Light thinning (0–20% trees removed) promoted forest regeneration, and heavy thinning (over 35% of trees removed) facilitated forest growth. However, only moderate thinning (20%–35% trees removed) created a reasonable spatial structure. While dead trees were clustered, and they were hardly affected by thinning intensity. Additionally, thinning intensity, recovery time, and altitude indirectly improve the spatial structure of the forest by influencing diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy area.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Creating larger DBH and canopy area through thinning will promote the formation of complex forest structures, which cultivates healthy and stable forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000186/pdfft?md5=3d2e4a437ffa319bf5d770b6f360e37b&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000186-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant life form determines spatiotemporal variability and climate response of plant seed rain in subtropical forests","authors":"Yuyang Xie ,&nbsp;Zehao Shen ,&nbsp;Xuejing Wang ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatiotemporal variation of seed rain reflects the response of plants in terms of their reproductive strategy to environmental gradients. In this study, we collected seeds from four sites in the Dalaoling Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China, between 2011 and 2014, measured seed output and seed mass as seed rain traits, and compared their interannual and elevational variation. Then, we ran phylogenetic generalized mixed linear models (PGLMMs) to explore the effects of temperature and precipitation as well as interspecific differences on seed rain, and fitted the best regression models for seed rain vs. weather of canopy and understory species. The results showed no correlation between values of seed output and seed mass. However, the variation of the two traits showed significantly positive correlation. Seed output of canopy species generally decreased with increasing elevation, and showed significant interannual difference; however, seed output of understory species and seed mass for both canopy and understory species did not show consistency tends along elevational or in interannual variation. Seed output was significantly affected by temperature and precipitation, while seed mass mainly varied due to interspecific differences. Weather explained more the variation of the seed output of canopy species than that of understory species, with <em>R</em>² values of 43.0% and 29.9%, respectively. These results suggested that canopy plants contributed more to the reproductive dynamics of the whole communities, and the canopy's buffer effect on the underground weakened the response of understory plants to weather variation in terms of their reproductive strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000174/pdfft?md5=2bd9fc9d63bff38e157a048c780d17df&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unimodal latitudinal pattern of K, Ca and Mg concentration and its potential drivers in forest foliage in eastern China","authors":"Zhijuan Shi ,&nbsp;Sining Liu ,&nbsp;Yahan Chen ,&nbsp;Dongdong Ding ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) are essential elements with important physiological functions in plants. Previous studies showed that leaf K, Ca, and Mg concentrations generally increase with increasing latitudes. However, recent meta-analyses suggested the possibility of a unimodal pattern in the concentrations of these elements along latitudinal gradients. The authenticity of this unimodal latitudinal pattern, however, requires validation through large-scale field experimental data, and exploration of the underlying mechanisms if the pattern is confirmed. Here, we collected leaves of common species of woody plants from 19 montane forests in the north-south transect of eastern China, including 322 species from 160 genera, 67 families; and then determined leaf K, Ca, and Mg concentrations to explore their latitudinal patterns and driving mechanisms. Our results support unimodal latitudinal patterns for all three elements in woody plants across eastern China, with peak values at latitude 36.5 ​± ​1.0° N. The shift of plant-functional-type compositions from evergreen broadleaves to deciduous broadleaves and to conifers along this latitudinal span was the key factor contributing to these patterns. Climatic factors, mainly temperature, and to a lesser extent solar radiation and precipitation, were the main environmental drivers. These factors, by altering the composition of plant communities and regulating plant physiological activities, influence the latitudinal patterns of plant nutrient concentrations. Our findings also suggest that high leaf K, Ca, and Mg concentrations may represent an adaptive strategy for plants to withstand water stress, which might be used to predict plant nutrient responses to climate changes at large scales, and broaden the understanding of biogeochemical cycling of K, Ca, and Mg.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000290/pdfft?md5=30830bb7dfb76103f05e8ba9dc7f3a79&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140604949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}