Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Allometric equations quantify accelerated growth and carbon fixation in trees of northeastern north America","authors":"John Schwarzmann ,&nbsp;Donald M. Waller","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A tree's basal area (BA) and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specific patterns. Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to climate change, rising CO₂ levels, and/or changes in forest management. We analyzed 9,214 cores from nine conifer and 11 broadleaf species grown in managed mixed-species stands in the upper Midwest to quantify how well diameter (diameter at breast height (DBH)) serves to predict BA growth and above-ground wood and carbon (C). These samples include many large trees. We fit mixed models to predict BA growth and above-ground biomass/C from diameter, tree height, and the BA of nearby trees while controlling for site effects. Models account for 55%–83% of the variance in log(recent growth), improving predictions over earlier models. Growth-diameter scaling exponents covary with certain leaf and stem (but not wood) functional traits, reflecting growth strategies. LogBA increment scales linearly with log(diameter) as trees grow bigger in 16/20 species and growth actually accelerates in <em>Quercus rubra</em> L. Three other species plateau in growth. Growth only decelerates in red pine, <em>Pinus resinosa</em> Ait. Growth in whole-tree, above-ground biomass, and C accelerate even more strongly with diameter (mean exponent: 2.08 vs. 1.30 for BA growth). Sustained BA growth and accelerating wood/C growth contradict the common assumption that tree growth declines in bigger trees. Yield tables and silvicultural guidelines should be updated to reflect these current relationships. Such revisions will favor delaying harvests in many managed stands to increase wood production and enhance ecosystem values including C fixation and storage. Further research may resolve the relative roles of thinning, climatic conditions, nitrogen inputs, and rising CO₂ levels on changing patterns of tree growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf morphological trait integration and modularity provide insights into ecological adaptation in evergreen oaks","authors":"Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Luo ,&nbsp;Min Qi ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Fang K. Du","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration and modularity of leaf morphological traits are fundamental to plant adaptations, yet their responses to diverse environmental pressures remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the roles of leaf trait integration and modularity and how they interact with environmental factors. We analyzed geometric, traditional, and functional leaf traits across 908 individuals from 72 populations of two alpine evergreen oaks, <em>Quercus aquifolioides</em> Rehder &amp; E.H. Wilson and <em>Quercus spinosa</em> David ex Franch., distributed throughout the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains (HHM), employing genetic assignment as <em>a priori</em>. Multivariate and redundancy analyses revealed that <em>Q. aquifolioides</em>, which inhabits harsher environments, exhibits lower trait integration and greater morphological flexibility, allowing for dynamic adaptation to fluctuating conditions. In contrast, <em>Q. spinosa</em>, thriving in milder environments, demonstrates stronger integration and stability in leaf morphology, facilitating resource optimization and providing a competitive advantage. Notable differences in modularity between the two species were observed, particularly in specific leaf traits, as revealed by structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. These results underscore the adaptive significance of leaf trait integration and modularity in extreme environments and highlight the critical role of leaf morphology in enhancing species resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal expansion of shrubland on the Tibetan Plateau over the past three decades","authors":"Li Liu ,&nbsp;Daijun Yao ,&nbsp;Guang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhoutao Zheng ,&nbsp;Ning Zong ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Ke Huang ,&nbsp;Nan Cong ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianxin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunlong He ,&nbsp;Wenchao Wu ,&nbsp;Yangjian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shrubland expansion is a globally occurring phenomenon under global change and has caused a wide range of ecological consequences. However, due to the visual similarity between shrubland and grassland, the accuracy of shrubland interpretation and its spatial distribution varies across different products, making shrub encroachment on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) uncertain. To address these challenges, we developed a phenology-based and pixel-wise method utilizing the Landsat, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 image archives to map shrubland distribution from 1990 to 2022 across the TP. We also investigated the factors affecting shrubland distribution. Using the Random Forest (RF) model, we achieved moderate to high accuracies (Kappa ​= ​0.70–0.81) in predicting shrubland distributions, and we found that shrubland primarily occupies transitional zones between forest and grassland. In the southeast TP, solar radiation intensity is the dominant factor explaining the spatial distribution of shrubland, whereas in arid regions, water availability is the most important. From 1990 to 2022, the shrubland area slightly increased from 3.40% to 4.71%, with expansion showing a clustered pattern, mainly in the shaded aspects of arid regions. The shrubland identification method proposed here shows potential applicability in other areas with similar environmental conditions, such as arid landscapes or high-altitude ecosystems with pronounced seasonal vegetation dynamics. It also plays a crucial role in evaluating vegetation responses to climatic changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origin and beginnings of modern Continuous Cover Forestry in Europe","authors":"Arne Pommerening ,&nbsp;Ulrika Widman ,&nbsp;Janusz Szmyt","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF) is a type of forest management that is based on ecological, environmental, and biological principles. Specific definitions of CCF greatly vary and the concept usually includes a number of tenets or criteria. The most important tenet of CCF is the requirement to abandon the practice of large-scale clearfelling in favour of selective thinning/harvesting and natural regeneration methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CCF is commonly believed to have its main origin in an academic debate that was conducted through publications in a number of European and North American countries towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Our findings are exclusively based on a literature review of the history of CCF and they revealed that the European origins of CCF go much further back to a form of farm forestry that started to be practised in Central Europe in the 17th century. Eventually, this type of farm forestry led to the formation of the single-tree selection system as we know it today. Another influential tradition line contributing to modern CCF is individual-based forest management, which breaks forest stands down into small neighbourhood-based units. The centres of these units are dominant frame trees which form the framework of a forest stand. Consequently, management is only carried out in the local neighbourhood of frame trees. Individual-based forest management also modified inflexible area-control approaches of plantation forest management in favour of the flexible size-control method.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>We found evidence that the three aforementioned tradition lines are equally important and much interacted in shaping modern CCF. Since CCF is an international accomplishment, it is helpful to thoroughly study the drivers and causes of such concepts. Understanding the gradual evolution can give valuable clues for the introduction and adaptation of CCF in countries where the concept is new.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing competitor definitions for the sustainable management of dominant silver fir trees (Abies alba Mill.) in uneven-aged mixed Dinaric forests","authors":"Milan Kobal ,&nbsp;Tom Levanič","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding competition between trees is essential for sustainable forest management as interactions between trees in uneven-aged mixed forests play a key role in growth dynamics. This study investigated nine competition indices (CIs) for their suitability to model the effects of neighboring trees on silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) growth in Dinaric silver fir-European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) forests. Although numerous competition indices have been developed, there is still limited consensus on their applicability in different forest types, especially in mature, structurally complex forest stands. The indices were evaluated using the adjusted coefficient of determination in a linear model wherein the volume growth of the last five years for 60 dominant silver fir trees was modeled as a function of tree volume and competition index. The results demonstrated that distance-dependent indices (e.g., the Hegyi height-distance competition and Rouvinen-Kuuluvainen diameter-distance competition indices), which consider the distance to competitors and their size, perform better than distance-independent indices. Using the optimization procedure in calculating the competition indices, only neighboring trees at a distance of up to 26-fold the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the selected tree (optimal search radius) and with a DBH of at least 20% of that of the target tree (optimal DBH) were considered competitors. Therefore, competition significantly influences the growth of dominant silver firs even in older age classes. The model based solely on tree volume explained 32.5% of the variability in volume growth, while the model that accounted for competition explained 64%. Optimizing the optimal search radius had a greater impact on model performance than optimizing the DBH threshold. This emphasizes the importance of balancing stand density and competition in silvicultural practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between topographic variables and live aboveground tree biomass on a large temperate forest plot","authors":"Dawn Lemke ,&nbsp;Luben Dimov ,&nbsp;Helen Czech ,&nbsp;Patience Knight ,&nbsp;William Finch ,&nbsp;Richard Condit","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding local variation in forest biomass allows for a better evaluation of broad-scale patterns and interpretation of forest ecosystems’ role in carbon dynamics. This study focuses on patterns of aboveground tree biomass within a fully censused 20 ​ha forest plot in a temperate forest of northern Alabama, USA. We evaluated the relationship between biomass and topography using ridge and valley landforms along with digitally derived moisture and solar radiation indices. Every live woody stem over 1 ​cm diameter at breast height within this plot was mapped, measured, and identified to species in 2019–2022, and diameter data were used along with species-specific wood density to map the aboveground biomass at the scale of 20 ​m ​× ​20 ​m quadrats. The aboveground tree biomass was 211 ​Mg⋅ha⁻¹. Other than small stream areas that experienced recent natural disturbances, the total stand biomass was not associated with landform or topographic indices. Dominant species, in contrast, had strong associations with topography. American beech (<em>Fagus grandifolia</em>) and yellow-poplar (<em>Liriodendron tulipfera</em>) dominated the valley landform, with 37% and 54% greater biomass in the valley than their plot average, respectively. Three other dominant species, white oak (<em>Quercus alba</em>), southern shagbark hickory (<em>Carya carolinae-septentrionalis</em>), and white ash (<em>Fraxinus americana</em>), were more abundant on slopes and benches, thus partitioning the site. Of the six dominant species, only sugar maple (<em>Acer saccharum</em>) was not associated with landform. Moreover, both topographic wetness and potential radiation indices were significant predictors of dominant species biomass within each of the landforms. The study highlights the need to consider species when examining forest productivity in a range of site conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-scale framework for mapping site productivity of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations in northern Spain in the context of climate change and using spatially explicit environmental variables as predictors","authors":"Iyán Teijido-Murias ,&nbsp;Carlos A. López-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Pilar García-Manteca ,&nbsp;Juan Daniel García-Villabrille ,&nbsp;Alberto Rojo-Alboreca ,&nbsp;Federico Ruiz ,&nbsp;Marcos Barrio-Anta","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to obtain accurate estimates of the productivity of eucalyptus plantations under different climate change scenarios without the need for additional fieldwork. Thus, we used tree growth data from 1,102 research plots, existing spatially continuous environmental data, and the random forest (RF) algorithm to construct raster-based models. We constructed models to predict site index (SI) at landscape scale (250 ​m·pixel⁻¹), which is useful for planning purposes and for analyzing the effect of climate change on productivity, and at forest plot scale (resolutions of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ​m·pixel⁻¹), which is essential for predicting plantation yields. All models explained ∼50% of site index variability, as is usual in this type of study. We found that the different spatial resolutions of predictor variables did not affect the amount of variability explained. This finding may be due to two opposing effects on the explained variability at finer scales: a positive effect, as finer scales enable capture of microscale landform variability through a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), and a negative effect due to the introduction of “noise” when downscaling the climatic and lithological information from coarser scales. Elevation and the climatic variables (mainly temperature) were the most important predictor variables: For every 100 ​m-increase in elevation, the productivity decreased by on average 0.3–0.9 ​m of site index (1–1.3 ​m³·ha⁻¹·year⁻¹ of maximum mean annual increment in volume) and for each degree-Celsius-increase in annual mean temperature, productivity increased by about 2.2 ​m in site index (3 ​m³·ha⁻¹·year⁻¹ of maximum mean annual increment in volume). Due to the forecasted increase in temperatures under climate change, productivity is expected to increase significantly in <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> plantations in northern Spain in the coming decades, by between 1.68% and 3.38% of the current average site index under the most pessimistic climate change scenario and between 1.79% and 2.48% of the current average site index for the moderate scenario. We conclude that currently available spatially continuous environmental data can be used to develop accurate raster data models for predicting site productivity for <em>E</em>. <em>globulus</em> without the need for fieldwork. The spatially explicit maps produced in the study provide support to forest planners, forest managers, private landowners and politicians, enabling well-founded decisions to be made regarding selection of the best sites for afforestation and providing accurate yield predictions for the plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of co-existence of cool-temperate Fagus and warm-loving evergreen Quercus forests in central Italy during the Holocene thermal maximum","authors":"Giorgia Beffa ,&nbsp;Erika Gobet ,&nbsp;Sevil Coşgun ,&nbsp;Riccardo Dotta ,&nbsp;Luc Hächler ,&nbsp;Marina Alexandra Morlock ,&nbsp;Laura Sadori ,&nbsp;Patrick Schläfli ,&nbsp;Christoph Schwörer ,&nbsp;Lieveke van Vugt ,&nbsp;Hendrik Vogel ,&nbsp;Paul David Zander ,&nbsp;Martin Grosjean ,&nbsp;Willy Tinner","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mediterranean forest communities are particularly diverse but at risk due to their sensitivity to global warming. Understanding the long-term vulnerability of Mediterranean vegetation to climate change is crucial for conservation and management purposes. Studies on past changes of forest communities in response to climate change at ecologically meaningful resolutions (i.e., decadal time scales) are therefore essential, but still very rare. The Holocene thermal maximum (HTM; ca. 10,000–5,000 ​cal ​years before the present (BP)) may be used to study species and community responses to warmer conditions than during recent decades. We performed high-resolution multiproxy palaeoecological analyses on sediments from crater Lake Mezzano in central Italy to reconstruct vegetation, diversity, and fire dynamics between 8,450 and 7,050 ​cal ​years BP. Ordination, cross-correlation, and species-response analyses were used to investigate the response of Mediterranean forest communities to HTM climate warming, human impact, and fire. Vegetational changes prior to 7,450 ​cal ​years BP were driven by climate. <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> spread into mixed deciduous oak forests during the Early Holocene in response to declining seasonality (cooler summers and warmer winters). Subsequently, <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> declined and evergreen <em>Quercus ilex</em> expanded after 8,200 ​cal ​years BP when the climate became warmer. Although reduced, <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> remained important together with deciduous oaks. The co-existence of <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> and evergreen <em>Quercus</em> forests is extremely rare today. Human impact significantly affected forest vegetation after 7,450 ​cal ​years BP, when Neolithic agricultural activities became important, ultimately extirpating these special communities but fostering the overall biodiversity. However, their past occurrence in several central Italian calderas during the HTM suggests that these environments provided habitats that permitted the thriving of cool-temperate forests of <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> under mesomediterranean conditions, with summers ca. 1–2 ​°C warmer than today. Cool and moist calderas may thus become increasingly important for maintaining Mediterranean mesophilous forest species under global warming conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrating Populus with climate change: Phenology, coppice management, cold spell susceptibility, leaf dynamics, and biomass production","authors":"Jiaxin Wang ,&nbsp;Randall J. Rousseau ,&nbsp;Austin Himes ,&nbsp;Courtney Siegert ,&nbsp;Ying Ouyang ,&nbsp;Heidi J. Renninger","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the phenology and productivity of <em>Populus</em> species is crucial for effective management and conservation strategies amid climate change. We investigated leaf budbreak timing, susceptibility to cold damage, leaf dynamics, and biomass production of 168 <em>Populus</em> genotypes with diverse provenances in the southeastern United States. Our study revealed significant variation in budbreak timing across different taxa and years, with genotypes inheriting traits adapted to their parents’ local climates. Temperature emerged as a key factor triggering budbreak, while leaf development depended on other environmental cues such as photoperiod. Notably, budbreak occurred approximately 20 days earlier in 2023 compared to 2022 due to higher accumulated degree days (ADDs). Short-rotation-coppice (SRC) management delayed budbreak by five to ten days. Cold damage was significant in 2023, particularly for genotypes from northern provenances and those with <em>P. maximowiczii</em> parentage. Severe damage was also observed in eastern cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em> ​× ​<em>Populus deltoides</em> (D ​× ​D)) genotypes, despite most having southeastern US parentages. Leaf dynamics, including leaf duration and leaf area index (LAI), varied across taxa and sites, with earlier budbreak correlating with extended growing seasons and increased LAI. Biomass production was intricately linked to phenological events, with earlier budbreak leading to increased biomass production and greater susceptibility to cold damage. Our findings highlight the importance of genetics, environment, and coppicing management in understanding and managing <em>Populus</em> phenology and biomass production. These insights provide valuable guidance for developing effective breeding, conservation, and management strategies for <em>Populus</em> species in the context of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmental variables on canopy transpiration in two coniferous forests at different growing-season stages","authors":"Shengnan Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil water content (SWC) and meteorological conditions, as key environmental variables influencing tree water use, vary highly within the growing season, hindering a better understanding of environmental control mechanisms on canopy transpiration (<em>E</em>_c). Disentangling the effects of these variables on <em>E</em>_c across growing-season stages is crucial for <em>E</em>_c estimation and forest management. In this study, 43-year-old <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> Carr. and 31-year-old <em>Platycladus orientalis</em> (L.) Franco plantations in the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau were monitored for <em>E</em>_c during the growing season of 2015–2020. The contributions of environmental factors to <em>E</em>_c were assessed using the boosted regression tree (BRT) model. Results showed that the contributions of SWC to <em>E</em>_c were greater at the early (May–June) and late (September) stages, while the contributions of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and total solar radiation (<em>R</em>_s) to <em>E</em>_c increased at the middle (July–August) stage due to high soil water availability. Overall, <em>E</em>_c in both plantations was dominated by SWC (20.4% ​≤ ​contributions ≤ 48.8%) and <em>R</em>_s (22.7% ​≤ ​contributions ≤ 35.8%). Both species exhibited strong stomatal regulation of <em>E</em>_c. Specifically, stomatal opening was significantly inhibited by VPD at the early stage and strongly affected by SWC at the late stage. This study highlights that soil water conditions in artificial forests should be adjusted according to changes in influencing factors on <em>E</em>_c. Particularly during the early and late stages, measures (e.g., land preparation, thinning, and pruning) can be implemented to improve soil moisture in such dryland forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}