Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Carbon allocation in Picea jezoensis: Adaptation strategies of a non-treeline species at its upper elevation limit","authors":"Renkai Dong ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Mai-He Li ,&nbsp;Yu Cong ,&nbsp;Haibo Du ,&nbsp;Decai Gao ,&nbsp;Hong S. He","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the physiological adaptations of non-treeline trees to environmental stress is important to understand future shifts in species composition and distribution of current treeline ecotone. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms of the formation of the upper elevation limit of non-treeline tree species, <em>Picea jezoensis</em>, and the carbon allocation strategies of the species on Changbai Mountain. We employed the ¹³C in situ pulse labeling technique to trace the distribution of photosynthetically assimilated carbon in <em>Picea jezoensis</em> at different elevational positions (tree species at its upper elevation limit (TSAUE, 1,700 ​m a.s.l.) under treeline ecotone; tree species at a lower elevation position (TSALE, 1,400 ​m a.s.l.). We analyzed ¹³C and the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in various tissues following labeling. Our findings revealed a significant shift in carbon allocation in TSAUE compared to TSALE. There was a pronounced increase in δ¹³C allocation to belowground components (roots, soil, soil respiration) in TSAUE compared to TSALE. Furthermore, the C flow rate within the plant-soil-atmosphere system was faster, and the C residence time in the plant was shorter in TSAUE. The trends indicate enhanced C sink activity in belowground tissues in TSAUE, with newly assimilated C being preferentially directed there, suggesting a more conservative C allocation strategy by <em>P. jezoensis</em> at higher elevations under harsher environments. Such a strategy, prioritizing C storage in roots, likely aids in withstanding winter cold stress at the expense of aboveground growth during the growing season, leading to reduced growth of TSAUE compared to TSALE. The results of the present study shed light on the adaptive mechanisms governing the upper elevation limits of non-treeline trees, and enhances our understanding of how non-treeline species might respond to ongoing climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000241/pdfft?md5=04eece634b6de86b7909720e1f429357&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140347986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree structure and diversity shape the biomass of primary temperate mountain forests","authors":"Dheeraj Ralhan ,&nbsp;Ruffy Rodrigo ,&nbsp;Heather Keith ,&nbsp;Annemiek Irene Stegehuis ,&nbsp;Jakob Pavlin ,&nbsp;Yumei Jiang ,&nbsp;Miloš Rydval ,&nbsp;Juliana Nogueira ,&nbsp;Alexandre Fruleux ,&nbsp;Marek Svitok ,&nbsp;Martin Mikoláš ,&nbsp;Daniel Kozák ,&nbsp;Martin Dušátko ,&nbsp;Pavel Janda ,&nbsp;Oleh Chaskovsky ,&nbsp;Cătălin-Constantin Roibu ,&nbsp;Miroslav Svoboda","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics, being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous, which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and dead biomass. Yet, little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks, tree genus diversity and structure across a temperate montane primary forest. Here, we investigated the relationship between tree structure (variability in basal area and tree size), genus-level diversity (abundance, tree diversity) and biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and Eastern Europe. We used inventory data from 726 permanent sample plots from mixed beech and spruce across the Carpathian Mountains. We used nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass, structure, and genus-level diversity and how they interact with plot-level tree age, disturbances, temperature and altitude. We found that the combined effects of genus and structural indices were important for addressing the variability in biomass across different spatial scales. Local processes in disturbance regimes and uneven tree age support forest heterogeneity and the accumulation of live and dead biomass through the natural regeneration, growth and decay of the forest ecosystem. Structural complexities in basal area index, supported by genus-level abundance, positively influence total biomass stocks, which was modulated by tree age and disturbances. Spruce forests showed higher tree density and basal area than mixed beech forests, though mixed beech still contributes significantly to biomass across landscapes. Forest heterogeneity was strongly influenced by complexities in forest composition (tree genus diversity, structure). We addressed the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores, achieved through structure and diversity. Safeguarding such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest, carbon store and biodiversity into the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000514/pdfft?md5=b625f6dd1c3a3430e3873c1978a67a3e&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000514-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating remote sensing and 3-PG model to simulate the biomass and carbon stock of Larix olgensis plantation","authors":"Yu Bai,&nbsp;Yong Pang,&nbsp;Dan Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate estimations of biomass and its temporal dynamics are crucial for monitoring the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems and assessing forest carbon sequestration potentials. Recent studies have shown that integrating process-based models (PBMs) with remote sensing data can enhance simulations from stand to regional scales, significantly improving the ability to simulate forest growth and carbon stock dynamics. However, the utilization of PBMs for large-scale simulation of larch carbon storage distribution is still limited. In this study, we applied the parameterized 3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth) model across the Mengjiagang Forest Farm (MFF) to make broad-scale predictions of the biomass and carbon stocks of <em>Larix olgensis</em> plantation. The model was used to simulate average diameter at breast height (DBH) and total biomass, which were later validated with a wide range of observation data including sample plot data, forest management inventory data, and airborne laser scanning data. The results showed that the 3-PG model had relatively high accuracy for predicting both DBH and total biomass at stand and regional scale, with determination coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.88. Based on the estimation of total biomass, we successfully produced a carbon stock map of the <em>Larix olgensis</em> plantation in MFF with a spatial resolution of 20 ​m, which helps with relevant management advice. These findings indicate that the integration of 3-PG model and remote sensing data can well predict the biomass and carbon stock at regional and even larger scales. In addition, this integration facilitates the evaluation of forest carbon sequestration capacity and the development of forest management plans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000496/pdfft?md5=b78edfda8511a9b043b3ed6f02a8b9cc&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000496-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire and retention island remnants have similar deadwood carbon stock a decade after disturbances in boreal forests of Alberta","authors":"Richard Osei ,&nbsp;Lance P. Moore ,&nbsp;Rosanise A. Odell ,&nbsp;Marcel Schneider ,&nbsp;Tanvir Ahmed Shovon ,&nbsp;Charles A. Nock","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an attempt to reconcile wood extraction and forest biodiversity in managed boreal forests, ecosystem-based forest management (EBM) has become the <em>de facto</em> management approach. Retention forestry represents one prominent way that EBM is implemented in many parts of the world. Retention patches commonly left after harvesting serve as analogues of fire island remnants, which are patches of unburned forests in the burned forest matrix. Although the persistence of retention patches has been questioned, few studies have attempted to quantitatively compare forest attributes in both burned and harvested forests. As part of a larger program examining multiple aspects of ecosystem function in fire and harvest island remnants, we investigated the impact of disturbance type (fire/harvest) and forest edges on C stock in snags and coarse woody debris (CWD) found in island remnants in mixedwood boreal forests of Alberta, Canada. Total C stock (in snags and CWD) was similar between the two disturbance types and edge plots had similar total deadwood C stocks to interiors. The edges of island remnants had about two-fold more snag C stock than their interiors in both disturbance types, but C stock in CWD was unaffected by edge effects and disturbance type. Our results suggest that deadwood C dynamics in island remnants in fire and harvest disturbed boreal forests were similar, thus lending support for the continued implementation of retention forestry in Alberta.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000617/pdfft?md5=b39de8b12b6f6a32a8f0a809d32982c1&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000617-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early response of understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce in the European lowland temperate forest","authors":"Jan Marek Matuszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Andrzej N. Affek ,&nbsp;Piotr Zaniewski ,&nbsp;Ewa Kołaczkowska","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spruce-dominated forests are commonly exposed to disturbances associated with mass occurrences of bark beetles. The dieback of trees triggers many physical and chemical processes in the ecosystem resulting in rapid changes in the vegetation of the lower forest layers. We aimed to determine the response of non-tree understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) in the first years after the disturbance caused by the European spruce bark beetle (<em>Ips typographus</em>) outbreak. Our study area was the Białowieża Biosphere Reserve covering the Polish part of the emblematic Białowieża Forest, in total 597 ​km². The main data source comprised 3,900 phytosociological relevés (combined spring and summer campaigns) collected from 1,300 systematically distributed forest sites in 2016–2018 – the peak years of the bark beetle outbreak. We found that the understory responded immediately to mass spruce dieback, with the most pronounced changes observed in the year of the disturbance and the subsequent year. Shade-tolerant forest species declined in the initial years following the mass spruce dieback, while hemicryptophytes, therophytes, light-demanding species associated with non-forest semi-natural communities, as well as water-demanding forest species, expanded. <em>Oxalis acetosella</em>, the most common understory species in the Białowieża Forest, showed a distinct fluctuation pattern, with strong short-term expansion right after spruce dieback, followed by a gradual decline over the next 3–4 years to a cover level 5 percentage points lower than before the disturbance. Thus, our study revealed that mass spruce dieback selectively affects individual herb species, and their responses can be directional and non-directional (fluctuation). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the mass dieback of spruce temporarily increases plant species diversity (<em>α</em>-diversity).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000137/pdfft?md5=c22da01430de06e06f364ec148f8d611&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139832158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interaction between temperature and precipitation on the potential distribution range of Betula ermanii in the alpine treeline ecotone on the Changbai Mountain","authors":"Yu Cong ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Gu ,&nbsp;Wen J. Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenshan Xue ,&nbsp;Yingyi Chen ,&nbsp;Yinghua Jin ,&nbsp;Jiawei Xu ,&nbsp;Mai-He Li ,&nbsp;Hong S. He ,&nbsp;Ming Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alpine treeline ecotones are highly sensitive to climate warming. The low temperature-determined alpine treeline is expected to shift upwards in response to global warming. However, little is known about how temperature interacts with other important factors to influence the distribution range of tree species within and beyond the alpine treeline ecotone. Hence, we used a GF-2 satellite image, along with bioclimatic and topographic variables, to develop an ensemble suitable habitat model based on the species distribution modeling algorithms in Biomod2. We investigated the distribution of suitable habitats for <em>B. ermanii</em> under three climate change scenarios (i.e., low (SSP126), moderate (SSP370) and extreme (SSP585) future emission trajectories) between two consecutive time periods (i.e., current–2055, and 2055–2085). By 2055, the potential distribution range of <em>B. ermanii</em> will expand under all three climate scenarios. The medium and high suitable areas will decline under SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios from 2055 to 2085. Moreover, under the three climate scenarios, the uppermost altitudes of low suitable habitat will rise to 2,329 ​m a.s.l., while the altitudes of medium and high suitable habitats will fall to 2,201 and 2,051 ​m a.s.l. by 2085, respectively. Warming promotes the expansion of <em>B. ermanii</em> distribution range in Changbai Mountain, and this expansion will be modified by precipitation as climate warming continues. This interaction between temperature and precipitation plays a significant role in shaping the potential distribution range of <em>B. ermanii</em> in the alpine treeline ecotone. This study reveals the link between environmental factors, habitat distribution, and species distribution in the alpine treeline ecotone, providing valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on high-elevation vegetation, and contributing to mountain biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000022/pdfft?md5=dc74c435e3b7759fcc7d193d53eb65ff&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000022-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139435506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No effect of invasive tree species on aboveground biomass increments of oaks and pines in temperate forests","authors":"Sebastian Bury,&nbsp;Marcin K. Dyderski","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Prunus serotina</em> and <em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em> are the most widespread invasive trees in Central Europe. In addition, according to climate models, decreased growth of many economically and ecologically important native trees will likely be observed in the future. We aimed to assess the impact of these two neophytes, which differ in the biomass range and nitrogen-fixing abilities observed in Central European conditions, on the relative aboveground biomass increments of native oaks <em>Quercus robur</em> and <em>Q. petraea</em> and Scots pine <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>. We aimed to increase our understanding of the relationship between facilitation and competition between woody alien species and overstory native trees. We established 72 circular plots (0.05 ​ha) in two different forest habitat types and stands varying in age in western Poland. We chose plots with different abundances of the studied neophytes to determine how effects scaled along the quantitative invasion gradient. Furthermore, we collected growth cores of the studied native species, and we calculated aboveground biomass increments at the tree and stand levels. Then, we used generalized linear mixed-effects models to assess the impact of invasive species abundances on relative aboveground biomass increments of native tree species. We did not find a biologically or statistically significant impact of invasive <em>R. pseudoacacia</em> or <em>P. serotina</em> on the relative aboveground biomass increments of native oaks and pines along the quantitative gradient of invader biomass or on the proportion of total stand biomass accounted for by invaders. The neophytes did not act as native tree growth stimulators but also did not compete with them for resources, which would escalate the negative impact of climate change on pines and oaks. The neophytes should not significantly modify the carbon sequestration capacity of the native species. Our work combines elements of the <em>per capita</em> effect of invasion with research on mixed forest management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S219756202400037X/pdfft?md5=08e196de16b467b2050c028fe80bfeb0&pid=1-s2.0-S219756202400037X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cut stumps vs broken stumps: Does it make any difference in the maintenance of plant and lichen biodiversity in Central European mountain forests?","authors":"Monika Staniaszek-Kik ,&nbsp;Jan Żarnowiec ,&nbsp;Damian Chmura","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excessive forest exploitation significantly contributes to land degradation and the creation of human-made deadwood. Stumps are sometimes ignored in studies on the biodiversity of coarse woody debris. We investigated whether the type of stump, i.e. broken stumps (naturally created) and cut stumps (formed during forestry operations) had an impact on the species composition and species diversity as well as due to this fact they can be characterized by plant indicators. The research covered 728 spruce stumps (287 broken and 441 cut stumps) that were inhabited by lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants in mountain forest belt (Karkonosze Mts., Poland). The following types of microhabitats were included in the research: the upper surface and the lateral surface of a stump with both bark and wood. There are statistically significant compositional differences between the two types of stumps, which was demonstrated by ordination analyses and indicator species analysis. According to the generalized linear models, the probability of occurrence increases in cut stumps in case of liverworts and vascular plants and also along the decomposition stages. The generalized linear mixed-effects model showed that there was a higher species richness of liverworts, mosses and vascular plants on the cut stumps and less drier but the reverse situation was in lichens. The generalized additive models for their cover showed similar trends. Almost all of the taxonomic groups were affected by altitude both in terms of species composition and total cover on the stumps. We concluded that cut stumps are an important type of deadwood for biodiversity and provide a convenient habitat, especially for many lichens and bryophytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000423/pdfft?md5=0b3468507ca8c1a7b7340eabc3f7d921&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000423-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leading directions and effective distance of larch offspring dispersal at the upper treeline in the Northern and Polar Urals, Russia","authors":"P.A. Moiseev ,&nbsp;V.L. Semerikov ,&nbsp;T.V. Semerikova ,&nbsp;D.S. Balakin ,&nbsp;I.B. Vorobiev ,&nbsp;S.O. Viuykhin","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate has changed sufficiently over the last 150 years and forced out upper treeline advance at the most studied sites around the world. The rate of advance has been extremely variable – from tens to hundreds meters in altitude. This is because the degree at which tree frontal populations respond to climate change depends on the complex interaction of biological and physical factors. The resulting stand pattern is the consequence of the interaction between dispersal and survival functions. A few publications have addressed the question of how this pattern is generated. In order to understand how the spatial structure of tree stands was formed at the upper limit of their distribution in the Ural Mountains, we assessed the distance and direction of dispersal of offspring from maternal individuals. We found that in frontal <em>Larix sibirica</em> Ledeb. populations, ‘effective’ dispersal of offspring ranges from 3 to 758 ​m (with a median of 20–33 ​m in open forest and 219 ​m in single-tree tundra in the Polar Urals and 107 ​m in open forest in the Northern Urals). We revealed that most of the offspring effectively dispersed not only in the direction of the prevailing winds, but also in the opposite direction up the slope, and the distance can reach 500–760 ​m. The data obtained can be used to develop an individual-based model which is capable of simulating in detail the dynamics of tree stands at the upper limit of their growth and reliably predicting the future position and pattern of treeline ecotone as growth conditions continue to improve in the face of observed climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S219756202400054X/pdfft?md5=1a750e2e6140ec9ffe98c98aada393e3&pid=1-s2.0-S219756202400054X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141542942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and impacts of an unprecedented outbreak of bark beetles in Central Europe: A glimpse into the future?","authors":"Prosper Washaya,&nbsp;Roman Modlinger,&nbsp;Daniel Tyšer,&nbsp;Tomáš Hlásny","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural disturbances have significantly intensified across European forests, with bark beetle outbreaks being the most rapidly escalating disturbance type. Since 2018, the Czech Republic (Central Europe) has become a Europe's disturbance epicentre due to the unprecedented outbreak of spruce bark beetle <em>Ips typographus</em> in the forests dominated by Norway spruce <em>Picea abies</em>. Here we provide novel insights into the impacts and dynamics of this disturbance from 2016 to 2022. The investigation is based on annual forest change maps developed by the classification of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite imagery. We identified seven major outbreak foci across the country, where the outbreaks culminated between 2018 and 2021. Most of the outbreak waves exhibited a symmetric shape, characterized by a three-year build-up phase, a single culmination year, and the subsequent decline. The substantial proportion of spruce remaining in the outbreak areas after the culmination point implies that resource depletion is an improbable cause for the outbreak's retreat. In the year of retreat, the proportion of spruce in the forest ranged between 26% and 36% in most of the outbreak areas. The disturbance dynamics manifested a transition from the emergence of new tree mortality spots in the early outbreak phase to their short-range expansion, suggesting density-dependent changes in bark beetle dispersal during the studied period. The core disturbance zone, pinpointed in 2022, covered an area of 9,000 ​km² and experienced a 38% loss in forest cover. Within this area, forest fragmentation increased significantly, leading to a greater forest patch complexity and reduced connectivity among the patches. The presented findings can serve as a glimpse into the future for other European regions, revealing the potential impacts of natural disturbances amplified by climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000794/pdfft?md5=973190be6475a2c1740df30a981e3664&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000794-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}