Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"No effect of invasive tree species on aboveground biomass increments of oaks and pines in temperate forests","authors":"Sebastian Bury,&nbsp;Marcin K. Dyderski","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Prunus serotina</em> and <em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em> are the most widespread invasive trees in Central Europe. In addition, according to climate models, decreased growth of many economically and ecologically important native trees will likely be observed in the future. We aimed to assess the impact of these two neophytes, which differ in the biomass range and nitrogen-fixing abilities observed in Central European conditions, on the relative aboveground biomass increments of native oaks <em>Quercus robur</em> and <em>Q. petraea</em> and Scots pine <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>. We aimed to increase our understanding of the relationship between facilitation and competition between woody alien species and overstory native trees. We established 72 circular plots (0.05 ​ha) in two different forest habitat types and stands varying in age in western Poland. We chose plots with different abundances of the studied neophytes to determine how effects scaled along the quantitative invasion gradient. Furthermore, we collected growth cores of the studied native species, and we calculated aboveground biomass increments at the tree and stand levels. Then, we used generalized linear mixed-effects models to assess the impact of invasive species abundances on relative aboveground biomass increments of native tree species. We did not find a biologically or statistically significant impact of invasive <em>R. pseudoacacia</em> or <em>P. serotina</em> on the relative aboveground biomass increments of native oaks and pines along the quantitative gradient of invader biomass or on the proportion of total stand biomass accounted for by invaders. The neophytes did not act as native tree growth stimulators but also did not compete with them for resources, which would escalate the negative impact of climate change on pines and oaks. The neophytes should not significantly modify the carbon sequestration capacity of the native species. Our work combines elements of the <em>per capita</em> effect of invasion with research on mixed forest management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S219756202400037X/pdfft?md5=08e196de16b467b2050c028fe80bfeb0&pid=1-s2.0-S219756202400037X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cut stumps vs broken stumps: Does it make any difference in the maintenance of plant and lichen biodiversity in Central European mountain forests?","authors":"Monika Staniaszek-Kik ,&nbsp;Jan Żarnowiec ,&nbsp;Damian Chmura","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excessive forest exploitation significantly contributes to land degradation and the creation of human-made deadwood. Stumps are sometimes ignored in studies on the biodiversity of coarse woody debris. We investigated whether the type of stump, i.e. broken stumps (naturally created) and cut stumps (formed during forestry operations) had an impact on the species composition and species diversity as well as due to this fact they can be characterized by plant indicators. The research covered 728 spruce stumps (287 broken and 441 cut stumps) that were inhabited by lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants in mountain forest belt (Karkonosze Mts., Poland). The following types of microhabitats were included in the research: the upper surface and the lateral surface of a stump with both bark and wood. There are statistically significant compositional differences between the two types of stumps, which was demonstrated by ordination analyses and indicator species analysis. According to the generalized linear models, the probability of occurrence increases in cut stumps in case of liverworts and vascular plants and also along the decomposition stages. The generalized linear mixed-effects model showed that there was a higher species richness of liverworts, mosses and vascular plants on the cut stumps and less drier but the reverse situation was in lichens. The generalized additive models for their cover showed similar trends. Almost all of the taxonomic groups were affected by altitude both in terms of species composition and total cover on the stumps. We concluded that cut stumps are an important type of deadwood for biodiversity and provide a convenient habitat, especially for many lichens and bryophytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000423/pdfft?md5=0b3468507ca8c1a7b7340eabc3f7d921&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000423-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leading directions and effective distance of larch offspring dispersal at the upper treeline in the Northern and Polar Urals, Russia","authors":"P.A. Moiseev ,&nbsp;V.L. Semerikov ,&nbsp;T.V. Semerikova ,&nbsp;D.S. Balakin ,&nbsp;I.B. Vorobiev ,&nbsp;S.O. Viuykhin","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate has changed sufficiently over the last 150 years and forced out upper treeline advance at the most studied sites around the world. The rate of advance has been extremely variable – from tens to hundreds meters in altitude. This is because the degree at which tree frontal populations respond to climate change depends on the complex interaction of biological and physical factors. The resulting stand pattern is the consequence of the interaction between dispersal and survival functions. A few publications have addressed the question of how this pattern is generated. In order to understand how the spatial structure of tree stands was formed at the upper limit of their distribution in the Ural Mountains, we assessed the distance and direction of dispersal of offspring from maternal individuals. We found that in frontal <em>Larix sibirica</em> Ledeb. populations, ‘effective’ dispersal of offspring ranges from 3 to 758 ​m (with a median of 20–33 ​m in open forest and 219 ​m in single-tree tundra in the Polar Urals and 107 ​m in open forest in the Northern Urals). We revealed that most of the offspring effectively dispersed not only in the direction of the prevailing winds, but also in the opposite direction up the slope, and the distance can reach 500–760 ​m. The data obtained can be used to develop an individual-based model which is capable of simulating in detail the dynamics of tree stands at the upper limit of their growth and reliably predicting the future position and pattern of treeline ecotone as growth conditions continue to improve in the face of observed climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S219756202400054X/pdfft?md5=1a750e2e6140ec9ffe98c98aada393e3&pid=1-s2.0-S219756202400054X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141542942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity","authors":"Teresa Valor ,&nbsp;Lluís Coll ,&nbsp;David I. Forrester ,&nbsp;Hans Pretzsch ,&nbsp;Miren del Río ,&nbsp;Kamil Bielak ,&nbsp;Bogdan Brzeziecki ,&nbsp;Franz Binder ,&nbsp;Torben Hilmers ,&nbsp;Zuzana Sitková ,&nbsp;Roberto Tognetti ,&nbsp;Aitor Ameztegui","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>), fir (<em>Abies alba</em>), and beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic gradient.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter- and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to climate. Likelihood methods and information theory were used to select the best model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species' response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter- than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species’ growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their maximum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of the target tree to competition. The modelling approach should be useful in future research to expand our knowledge of how competition modulates forest communities across environmental gradients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000125/pdfft?md5=495aadb6b254702db4bb892dc162dd2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effect of invasive organisms on forests under information uncertainty: The case of pine wood nematode in continental Europe","authors":"Nick Schafstall ,&nbsp;Laura Dobor ,&nbsp;Marco Baldo ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Liebhold ,&nbsp;Werner Rammer ,&nbsp;Juha Honkaniemi ,&nbsp;Tomáš Hlásny","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forests worldwide are experiencing increasingly intense biotic disturbances; however, assessing impacts of these disturbances is challenging due to the diverse range of organisms involved and the complex interactions among them. This particularly applies to invasive species, which can greatly alter ecological processes in their invaded territories. Here we focus on the pine wood nematode (PWN, <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>), an invasive pathogen that has caused extensive mortality of pines in East Asia and more recently has invaded southern Europe. It is expected to expand its range into continental Europe with heavy impacts possible.</p><p>Given the unknown dynamics of PWN in continental Europe, we reviewed laboratory and field experiments conducted in Asia and southern Europe to parameterize the main components of PWN biology and host-pathogen interactions in the Biotic Disturbance Engine (BITE), a model designed to implement a variety of forest biotic agents, from fungi to large herbivores. To simulate dynamically changing host availability and conditions, BITE was coupled with the forest landscape model iLand. The potential impacts of introducing PWN were assessed in a Central European forest landscape (40,928 ​ha), likely within PWN’s reach in future decades.</p><p>A parameter sensitivity analysis indicated a substantial influence of factors related to dispersal, colonization, and vegetation impact, whereas parameters related to population growth manifested a minor effect. Selection of different assumptions about biological processes resulted in differential timing and size of the main mortality wave, eliminating 40%–95% of pine trees within 100 years post-introduction, with a maximum annual carbon loss between 1.3% and 4.2%. PWN-induced tree mortality reduced the Gross Primary Productivity, increased heterotrophic respiration, and generated a distinct legacy sink effect in the recovery period. This assessment has corroborated the ecological plausibility of the simulated dynamics and highlighted the need for new strategies to navigate the substantial uncertainty in the agent’s biology and population dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000629/pdfft?md5=e0db509e5478fb57f2863f99afe2e5cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and impacts of an unprecedented outbreak of bark beetles in Central Europe: A glimpse into the future?","authors":"Prosper Washaya,&nbsp;Roman Modlinger,&nbsp;Daniel Tyšer,&nbsp;Tomáš Hlásny","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural disturbances have significantly intensified across European forests, with bark beetle outbreaks being the most rapidly escalating disturbance type. Since 2018, the Czech Republic (Central Europe) has become a Europe's disturbance epicentre due to the unprecedented outbreak of spruce bark beetle <em>Ips typographus</em> in the forests dominated by Norway spruce <em>Picea abies</em>. Here we provide novel insights into the impacts and dynamics of this disturbance from 2016 to 2022. The investigation is based on annual forest change maps developed by the classification of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite imagery. We identified seven major outbreak foci across the country, where the outbreaks culminated between 2018 and 2021. Most of the outbreak waves exhibited a symmetric shape, characterized by a three-year build-up phase, a single culmination year, and the subsequent decline. The substantial proportion of spruce remaining in the outbreak areas after the culmination point implies that resource depletion is an improbable cause for the outbreak's retreat. In the year of retreat, the proportion of spruce in the forest ranged between 26% and 36% in most of the outbreak areas. The disturbance dynamics manifested a transition from the emergence of new tree mortality spots in the early outbreak phase to their short-range expansion, suggesting density-dependent changes in bark beetle dispersal during the studied period. The core disturbance zone, pinpointed in 2022, covered an area of 9,000 ​km² and experienced a 38% loss in forest cover. Within this area, forest fragmentation increased significantly, leading to a greater forest patch complexity and reduced connectivity among the patches. The presented findings can serve as a glimpse into the future for other European regions, revealing the potential impacts of natural disturbances amplified by climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000794/pdfft?md5=973190be6475a2c1740df30a981e3664&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000794-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem service multifunctionality of mixed conifer-broad-leaved forests under climate change and forest management based on matrix growth modelling","authors":"Xue Du ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Lei ,&nbsp;Xiao He ,&nbsp;Jie Lan ,&nbsp;Hong Guo ,&nbsp;Qigang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change and forest management are recognized as pivotal factors influencing forest ecosystem services and thus multifunctionality. However, the magnitude and the relative importance of climate change and forest management effects on the multifunctionality remain unclear, especially for natural mixed forests. In this study, our objective is to address this gap by utilizing simulations of climate-sensitive transition matrix growth models based on national forest inventory plot data. We evaluated the effects of seven management scenarios (combinations of various cutting methods and intensities) on the future provision of ecosystem services and multifunctionality in mixed conifer-broad-leaved forests in northeastern China, under four climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5, and constant climate). Provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services were described by timber production, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, tree species diversity, deadwood volume, and the number of large living trees. Our findings indicated that timber production was significantly influenced by management scenarios, while tree species diversity, deadwood volume, and large living trees were impacted by both climate and management separately. Carbon storage and sequestration were notably influenced by both management and the interaction of climate and management. These findings emphasized the profound impact of forest management on ecosystem services, outweighing that of climate scenarios alone. We found no single management scenario maximized all six ecosystem service indicators. The upper story thinning by 5% intensity with 5-year interval (UST5) management strategy emerged with the highest multifunctionality, surpassing the lowest values by more than 20% across all climate scenarios. In conclusion, our results underlined the potential of climate-sensitive transition matrix growth models as a decision support tool and provided recommendations for long-term strategies for multifunctional forest management under future climate change context. Ecosystem services and multifunctionality of forests could be enhanced by implementing appropriate management measures amidst a changing climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000678/pdfft?md5=c07dd123bffb0c8f0c47c3a19f9137f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000678-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land-use legacies affect the composition and distribution of tree species and their belowground functions in a succession from old-field to mature temperate forest","authors":"Gisselle A. Mejía ,&nbsp;Chenyang Su ,&nbsp;David Allen ,&nbsp;V. Bala Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Theresa W. Ong","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests undergoing ecological succession following abandonment from agricultural use (i.e., old fields) are ubiquitous in temperate regions of the U.S. and Europe. Ecological succession in old fields involves changes in vegetation composition influenced by factors such as land-use history, soil conditions, and dispersal limitations. Species’ behavioral, morphological, physiological and life-history attributes influence the outcomes of environmental and biotic filters on distribution and abundance. However, many studies have focused on aboveground attributes, while less attention has been placed on belowground species characteristics that influence community assembly and function. In this study, we used a trait-based approach to examine how aboveground plant composition and distribution vary with plant root functional traits (e.g., mycorrhizal association) that mediate access for nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). We inventoried every tree stem (<em>n</em> ​= ​11,551) in a 10-ha forested area containing old-field and historical forests and matched every species with root functional traits (<em>n</em> ​= ​33) from established databases. We found that land-use history influences community composition and distribution in old-field forests, which also varied with belowground root functional traits. Community composition in old-field forests, which were dominated by <em>Acer saccharum</em> and non-native species, were largely associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and higher root nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, community composition in historical forests – largely dominated by <em>Tsuga canadensis</em> – were associated with ectomycorrhiza (EcM) and more variation of root length and depth. These results suggest that changes in aboveground communities have implications for belowground ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling) which are important to forest ecosystem development. Trait-based approaches can elucidate mechanisms of community assembly, and understanding how traits influence species coexistence and interactions can inform management decisions related to biodiversity conservation and restoration efforts in disturbed or altered forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating wood quality attributes from dense airborne LiDAR point clouds","authors":"Nicolas Cattaneo,&nbsp;Stefano Puliti,&nbsp;Carolin Fischer,&nbsp;Rasmus Astrup","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mapping individual tree quality parameters from high-density LiDAR point clouds is an important step towards improved forest inventories. We present a novel machine learning-based workflow that uses individual tree point clouds from drone laser scanning to predict wood quality indicators in standing trees. Unlike object reconstruction methods, our approach is based on simple metrics computed on vertical slices that summarize information on point distances, angles, and geometric attributes of the space between and around the points. Our models use these slice metrics as predictors and achieve high accuracy for predicting the diameter of the largest branch per log (DLBs) and stem diameter at different heights (DS) from survey-grade drone laser scans. We show that our models are also robust and accurate when tested on suboptimal versions of the data generated by reductions in the number of points or emulations of suboptimal single-tree segmentation scenarios. Our approach provides a simple, clear, and scalable solution that can be adapted to different situations both for research and more operational mapping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000204/pdfft?md5=37b85da963557658a2fb976ab5945f29&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree allometry responses to competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations of Betula alnoides","authors":"Boyao Chen ,&nbsp;Kaili Liu ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Wang ,&nbsp;Junjie Guo ,&nbsp;Junkun Lu ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tree allometry plays a crucial role in tree survival, stability, and timber quantity and quality of mixed-species plantations. However, the responses of tree allometry to resource utilisation within the framework of interspecific competition and complementarity remain poorly understood. Taking into consideration strong- and weak-space competition (SC and WC), as well as N₂-fixing and non-N₂-fixing tree species (FN and nFN), a mixed-species planting trial was conducted for <em>Betula alnoides</em>, a pioneer tree species, which was separately mixed with <em>Acacia melanoxylon</em> (SC ​+ ​FN), <em>Erythrophleum fordii</em> (WC ​+ ​FN), <em>Eucalyptus cloeziana</em> (SC ​+ ​nFN) and <em>Pinus kesiya</em> var. <em>l</em><em>angbianensis</em> (WC ​+ ​nFN) in southern China. Six years after planting, tree growth, total nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents, and the natural abundances of ¹⁵N and ¹³C in the leaves were measured for each species, and the mycorrhizal colonisation rates of <em>B. alnoides</em> were investigated under each treatment. Allometric variations and their relationships with space competition and nutrient-related factors were analyzed. The results showed a consistent effect of space competition on the height-diameter relationship of <em>B. alnoides</em> in mixtures with FN or nFN. The tree height growth of <em>B. alnoides</em> was significantly promoted under high space competition, and growth in diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and crown size were all expedited in mixtures with FN. The symbiotic relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi and <em>B. alnoides</em> was significantly influenced by both space competition and N₂ fixation by the accompanying tree species, whereas such significant effects were absent for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Furthermore, high space competition significantly decreased the water use efficiency (WUE) of <em>B. alnoides</em>, and its N use efficiency (NUE) was much lower in the FN mixtures. Structural equation modeling further demonstrated that the stem allometry of <em>B. alnoides</em> was affected by its NUE and WUE via changes in its height growth, and crown allometry was influenced by the mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms driving tree allometric responses to above- and below-ground resource competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations, which are instructive for the establishment of mixed-species plantations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000435/pdfft?md5=24128237fb4938d4fb24b581a43e73ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000435-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}