Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing wood efficiency through comprehensive wood flow analysis: Methodology and strategic insights","authors":"Ruisheng Wang,&nbsp;Peer Haller","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood, an essential natural resource in human civilization, remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution. The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood utilization. Material flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks, aiding resource management and environmental decision-making. However, the full extent of its methodological dimensions, particularly within the context of the wood supply chain, remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis, discussing its primary objectives, materials involved, temporal and spatial scales, data sources, units, and conversion factors. Additionally, data uncertainty, data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this paper. Key findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials, where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood products. The immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect, with energy substitution showcasing better results than material substitution. However, it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global perspective. Strategies for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use, advancing construction technologies, extending product lifespans, promoting cascade use, and optimizing energy recovery processes. The study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000150/pdfft?md5=cf4e5abacda2569b45c305567575c60e&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review “Wattles: Australian Acacia species around the world” by David M. Richardson, Johannes J. Le Roux and Elizabete Marchante","authors":"Klaus von Gadow","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000113/pdfft?md5=2b271ac32d8c8c7e2adbaff274b261ba&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139816683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time – and how this affects applications","authors":"Göran Ståhl ,&nbsp;Terje Gobakken ,&nbsp;Svetlana Saarela ,&nbsp;Henrik J. Persson ,&nbsp;Magnus Ekström ,&nbsp;Sean P. Healey ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Johan Holmgren ,&nbsp;Eva Lindberg ,&nbsp;Kenneth Nyström ,&nbsp;Emanuele Papucci ,&nbsp;Patrik Ulvdal ,&nbsp;Hans Ole Ørka ,&nbsp;Erik Næsset ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Hou ,&nbsp;Håkan Olsson ,&nbsp;Ronald E. McRoberts","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics, and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for decision-making. However, wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction, and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of information. One such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time, which has important implications in several areas of application. In this discussion paper, we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed (or other) auxiliary data. From this point of view, model-based predictors are typically unbiased. Secondly, we show that for specific domains, identified based on their true values, the same model-based predictors can be considered biased, and sometimes severely so.</p><p>We suggest distinguishing between <em>conventional model-bias</em>, defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted, and <em>design-bias of model-based estimators</em>, defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being predicted. We show that model-based estimators (or predictors) are typically design-biased, and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true values. Further, we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias trend. We argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562023000957/pdfft?md5=3d52e349334563b51d3684560ba068f5&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562023000957-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139082023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustaining forest biodiversity: Exploring the effect of long-term natural disturbance dynamics on contemporary lichen communities in primary forest ecosystems","authors":"Rhiannon Gloor ,&nbsp;Marek Svitok ,&nbsp;Martin Mikoláš ,&nbsp;Jeňýk Hofmeister ,&nbsp;Josef Halda ,&nbsp;Pavel Janda ,&nbsp;Francesco Maria Sabatini ,&nbsp;Lucie Zemanová ,&nbsp;Arne Buechling ,&nbsp;Daniel Kozák ,&nbsp;Matej Ferenčík ,&nbsp;Michal Frankovič ,&nbsp;Martin Dušátko ,&nbsp;Miroslav Svoboda","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this era of biodiversity loss and climate change, quantifying the impacts of natural disturbance on forest communities is imperative to improve biodiversity conservation efforts. Epiphytic and epixylic lichens are effective forest quality bioindicators, as they are generally long-lived organisms supported by continuity of specific forest structures and their associated microclimatic features. However, how lichen communities respond to the effects of fluctuating historical disturbances remains unclear. Using a dendrochronological approach, this study investigates how natural disturbance dynamics indirectly influence various lichen community metrics in some of Europe's best-preserved primary mixed-beech forests. Mixed modelling revealed that natural historical disturbance processes have decades-long effects on forest structural attributes, which had both congruent and divergent impacts on lichen community richness and composition. Total species richness indirectly benefited from both historical and recent higher-severity disturbances via increased standing dead tree basal area and canopy openness respectively - likely through the presence of both pioneer and late-successional species associated with these conditions. Red-listed species richness showed a dependence on habitat continuity (old trees), and increased with disturbance-related structures (standing dead trees) whilst simultaneously benefiting from periods without severe disturbance events (old trees and reduced deadwood volume). However, if the disturbance occurred over a century in the past, no substantial effect on forest structure was detected. Therefore, while disturbance-mediated forest structures can promote overall richness, threatened species appear vulnerable to more severe disturbance events – a concern, as disturbances are predicted to intensify with climate change. Additionally, the high number of threatened species found reinforce the critical role of primary forest structural attributes for biodiversity maintenance. Hence, we recommend a landscape-scale conservation approach encompassing forest patches in different successional stages to support diverse lichen communities, and the consideration of long-term disturbance dynamics in forest conservation efforts, as they provide critical insights for safeguarding biodiversity in our changing world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000502/pdfft?md5=82cbc0ffc09862c25579ea683beeba98&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000502-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How forest age impacts on net primary productivity: Insights from future multi-scenarios","authors":"Lei Tian ,&nbsp;Yu Tao ,&nbsp;Simms Joanna ,&nbsp;Annikki Mäkelä ,&nbsp;Mingyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest net primary productivity (NPP) constitutes a key flux within the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and serves as a significant indicator of the forests carbon sequestration capacity, which is closely related to forest age. Despite its significance, the impact of forest age on NPP is often ignored in future NPP projections. Here, we mapped forest age in Hunan Province at a 30-m resolution utilizing a combination of Landsat time series stack (LTSS), national forest inventory (NFI) data, and the relationships between height and age. Subsequently, NPP was derived from NFI data and the relationships between NPP and age was built for various forest types. Then forest NPP was predicted based on the NPP-age relationships under three future scenarios, assessing the impact of forest age on NPP. Our findings reveal substantial variations in forest NPP in Hunan Province under three future scenarios: under the age-only scenario, NPP peaks in 2041 (133.56 ​Tg ​C·yr⁻¹), while NPP peaks three years later in 2044 (141.14 ​Tg ​C·yr⁻¹) under the natural development scenario. The maximum afforestation scenario exhibits the most rapid increase in NPP, with peaking in 2049 (197.95 ​Tg ​C·yr⁻¹). However, with the aging of the forest, NPP is projected to then decrease by 7.54%, 6.07%, and 7.47% in 2060, and 20.05%, 19.74%, and 28.38% in 2100, respectively, compared to their peaks under the three scenarios. This indicates that forest NPP will continue to decline soon. Controlling the age structure of forests through selective logging, afforestation and reforestation, and encouraging natural regeneration after disturbance could mitigate this declining trend in forest NPP, but implications of these measures on the full forest carbon balance remain to be studied. Insights from the future multi-scenarios are expected to provide data to support sustainable forest management and national policy development, which will inform the achievement of carbon neutrality goals by 2060.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000642/pdfft?md5=64049951f98c663500f713a4f0ceb52d&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bark biomass and nutrient concentrations in tropical secondary forest trees of Malaysia","authors":"Tanaka Kenzo ,&nbsp;Daisuke Hattori ,&nbsp;Paulus Meleng ,&nbsp;Mohd Effendi Wasli ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Ichie","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the high-level physiological functions and nutrient concentrations of bark that cover the entire trunks of huge trees, research into bark nutrient traits and the development of models that estimate the bark biomass of tropical trees is essential when it is sought to understand forest nutrient cycling and tree ecological traits. This study investigated the concentrations of six bark nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na)) by individual tree size and the soil nutrient concentrations for two major pioneer species (<em>Macaranga gigantea</em> and <em>M</em>. <em>hosei</em>) of Malaysia. To estimate bark biomass, allometric equations using tree diameter, height, and crown diameter were developed by combining previous data from adjacent forests with the present data. We found no significant relationship between tree size and most bark nutrient concentrations, though all nutrient concentrations of the two pioneer trees were significantly higher than those of primary forest tree species. Surprisingly, no relationship was found between the soil and bark nutrient concentrations for either species. All the size parameters used in the allometric equations accurately estimated bark biomass. There were no differences in equations between the two species when diameter served as an explanatory variable, but differences were apparent when height and crown diameter were so used. A comparison of allometric equations that yielded the bark biomasses of different types of forest showed that the bark biomass of the tropical secondary forest trees was less than half of that of tropical dry forest trees of the same diameter. Thus, the use of inappropriate equations and nutrient concentrations increases the possibility of serious errors in estimating bark biomass and forest nutrient cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000782/pdfft?md5=8ae00d13604b258fc24a9e3f7aac755f&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000782-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood effects on tree growth in a Fagus sylvatica - Abies alba forest following an ice storm","authors":"Andrej Ficko ,&nbsp;Karlo Beljan ,&nbsp;Mislav Vedriš ,&nbsp;Jura Čavlović ,&nbsp;Krunoslav Teslak","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice storms can cause substantial damage to tree crowns and lead to growth reduction. However, in uneven-aged stands, the growth of an individual tree may also increase due to crown release caused by the damage or mortality of neighboring trees. Three years after the devastating ice storm in 2014 in mixed uneven-aged Dinaric forests (Croatia), we cored 156 European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) and 85 silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) trees across 20 permanent sample plots to study the post-storm growth response as a function of tree, stand, site, spatial arrangement and local competition factors. The ice storm damaged over 84% of trees on the sampled plots. Among the cored trees, 52.7% exhibited growth reduction, which on average amounted to −3.1% relative to the pre-disturbance average. Trees with less than 40% crown damage maintained their pre-disturbance growth rates or experienced only minor growth suppression. While 60% of beech trees suffered a growth reduction at an average rate of −7.2%, the average radial increment of fir after the storm was 14.0% higher compared to the pre-storm rate. A linear mixed-effects model suggests that the growth response can largely be explained by the focal and neighboring tree species identity, tree competition pressure, focal and neighboring tree damage, crown size, slenderness index and stoniness. Growth release was positively associated with fir, inverse distance-weighted crown damage of the nearest neighbor, shorter crowns, slenderness, less stony sites and less damaged trees. The analysis suggests that at the same level of local competition load, trees with a broadleaved and damaged nearest neighbor are more likely to experience growth release than those with a coniferous or undamaged nearest neighbor. This implies that uneven-aged stands with a substantial presence and mingling of both conifers and broadleaves are expected to be more resilient to ice storms and are less likely to suffer growth reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How topography and neighbor shape the fate of trees in subtropical forest restoration: Environmental filtering and resource competition drive natural regeneration","authors":"Haonan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingshuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingying Lv ,&nbsp;Yanyan Ni ,&nbsp;Baokun Xu ,&nbsp;Xiangnan Han ,&nbsp;Xiao Cao ,&nbsp;Qingpei Yang ,&nbsp;Wanggu Xu ,&nbsp;Zhedong Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structure of plant communities at local scales depends on both the spatial heterogeneity of abiotic environmental factors and the biotic interactions within the community. However, although environmental filtering due to microtopographic heterogeneity and resource competition among plants caused by spatial variation in tree density and size are considered to be very important in explaining the mechanisms of community assembly, their effects on the processes of individual mortality and recruitment in natural forest regeneration, as well as their relative contributions, are still poorly understood. To address this, we established a 12-ha permanent plot in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area and measured microtopographic variables such as elevation, slope, aspect, and terrain position index (TPI) using a total station. We monitored the individual mortality and recruitment in forest natural regeneration through repeated surveys at 5-year intervals. We fitted spatial covariance models to jointly use multiple factors from three groups of variables (microtopographic effect, neighborhood density effects, neighborhood size effects) as explanatory variables to analyze their roles in driving the mortality and recruitment of all individual and 12 dominant species in forest natural regeneration at the neighborhood scale. Our results show that: (1) In the crucial early stages of secondary forest restoration, natural regeneration is influenced by a synergy of environmental filtering, due to microtopographic heterogeneity, and resource competition among plants. (2) For distinct species responses, evergreen dominant species’ mortality is largely explained by neighborhood effects, while deciduous species are more affected by topographic factors. Furthermore, the adverse effects of larger conspecific trees on younger trees indicate a pattern of competitive pressure leading to mortality among regenerating trees, such pattern emphasis the influence of parent trees on natural regeneration. (3) As trees grow, their interaction with these stressors evolves, suggesting a shift in their resource acquisition strategies and response to neighborhood effects and environmental factors. Despite these changes, the relative importance of topographic factors in determining survival and recruitment success remains constant. This research highlights the importance of considering both environmental and neighborhood effects in forest management, particularly in early secondary forest restoration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000058/pdfft?md5=340f098cfc6d3a44639433affb045234&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000058-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139660145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the inflection points of height-diameter models","authors":"Tzeng Yih Lam ,&nbsp;Mark J. Ducey","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inflection point is an important feature of sigmoidal height-diameter (H-D) models. It is often cited as one of the properties favoring sigmoidal model forms. However, there are very few studies analyzing the inflection points of H-D models. The goals of this study were to theoretically and empirically examine the behaviors of inflection points of six common H-D models with a regional dataset. The six models were the Wykoff (WYK), Schumacher (SCH), Curtis (CUR), Hossfeld IV (HOS), von Bertalanffy-Richards (VBR), and Gompertz (GPZ) models. The models were first fitted in their base forms with tree species as random effects and were then expanded to include functional traits and spatial distribution. The distributions of the estimated inflection points were similar between the two-parameter models WYK, SCH, and CUR, but were different between the three-parameter models HOS, VBR, and GPZ. GPZ produced some of the largest inflection points. HOS and VBR produced concave H-D curves without inflection points for 12.7% and 39.7% of the tree species. Evergreen species or decreasing shade tolerance resulted in larger inflection points. The trends in the estimated inflection points of HOS and VBR were entirely opposite across the landscape. Furthermore, HOS could produce concave H-D curves for portions of the landscape. Based on the studied behaviors, the choice between two-parameter models may not matter. We recommend comparing several three-parameter model forms for consistency in estimated inflection points before deciding on one. Believing sigmoidal models to have inflection points does not necessarily mean that they will produce fitted curves with one. Our study highlights the need to integrate analysis of inflection points into modeling H-D relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000381/pdfft?md5=816243e7d353278ccf6b0a4ee1fe1f48&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000381-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the rotation frequency in the eucalypt plantations","authors":"Unai Sertutxa,&nbsp;Unai Ortega-Barrueta,&nbsp;Ibone Ametzaga-Arregi,&nbsp;Lorena Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last century, eucalypt plantations are increasing all over the world. Concretely, in the Basque Country (northern Iberian Peninsula), 7% of pine plantations have been recently substituted by eucalypt plantations, where little is known about their ecological impact on soil and plant diversity. However, the most relevant impact is due to forest management, as <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> Labill. plantations have a short harvesting cycle, 12–15 years rotations. In fact, the species is able to regenerate from stumps; therefore, those plantations are replanted after 3–4 rotations. This type of invasive and frequent management could lead to further adverse effects on the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to characterise and compare the eucalypt plantations newly established (<em>New</em>: never been harvested) with older ones (<em>Old:</em> several times harvested and grown from stumps), having been established for at least 35 years, and to identify the primary factors that could influence the richness and diversity of vascular plant species in those plantations. The results indicated that both plantations exhibited comparable characteristics with respect to deadwood (volume and decay stage) and tree size and density. However, the <em>Old</em> plantations exhibited higher forest heterogeneity, pH, and higher shrub and herb richness and diversity. Overall, generalist and invasive species were found in the <em>New</em> plantations, while in the <em>Old</em> plantations, typical species of the native forests were also observed. The factor that influenced plant diversity was the volume of deadwood. Regarding life forms, higher altitude and proximity to watercourses favoured tree diversity; and lower canopy cover, shrub diversity. In conclusion, the longer the plantation has been established, the greater the number of species that are able to survive and adapt. This is probably due to the fact that management disturbance is specific and not sufficient to remove the already established plants and the soil seed bank.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}