Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years","authors":"Sisira Ediriweera ,&nbsp;Champika Bandara ,&nbsp;Tithira Lakkana ,&nbsp;Shanika Jayasinghe ,&nbsp;David Woodbury ,&nbsp;Arun Dayanandan ,&nbsp;B.M.P. Singhakumara ,&nbsp;Xiangcheng Mi ,&nbsp;I.A.U.N. Gunatilleke ,&nbsp;C.V.S. Gunatilleke ,&nbsp;Mark S. Ashton","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>No studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass (AGB) for mixed-dipterocarp forests (MDF), the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial Asia. In our study, we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane elevations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To do this, we established fifty 100 ​m ​× ​25 ​m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient, identified as mature old-growth forest. We measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and tagged. We took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific gravity. We re-measured plots in 1998 and again in 2018.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 ​Mg⋅ha⁻¹ in 1978, but this declined by 17% over 40 years to 430.11 ​Mg⋅ha⁻¹. No differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation; but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform, one remained about the same. Relatively few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34% and 65%, depending upon site and year sampled. One species, <em>Mesua nagassarium</em>, represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time, particularly at the low elevation site.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in MDF. Our study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall, declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562023000945/pdfft?md5=6f0517dd400ac0c59699b08f2b99604f&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562023000945-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138770674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted connectivity within a metapopulation of a wind-pollinated declining conifer, Taxus baccata L.","authors":"Igor J. Chybicki ,&nbsp;Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio ,&nbsp;Jan Bodziarczyk ,&nbsp;Marcin Widlak ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Meyza ,&nbsp;Andrzej Oleksa ,&nbsp;Bartosz Ulaszewski","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Population connectivity through seed and pollen dispersal determines the genetic diversity, adaptive potential, and demography of plant metapopulations. In wind-pollinated trees, population connectivity is typically maintained by long-distance pollen flow, counteracting the genetic differentiation generated by drift and restricted seed dispersal. Although strong population fragmentation is theoretically expected to disrupt connectivity in forest trees, empirical evidence remains scarce and inconclusive. We investigated contemporary connectivity within a network of small remnant populations of a declining conifer (<em>Taxus baccata</em> L.), which have been hypothesized to be largely isolated from each other. We tested this hypothesis using molecular data for adult trees and naturally recruited seedlings from all known remnants across a fragmented landscape spanning a length of 20 ​km, and a specifically designed statistical approach to quantify contemporary pollen and seed migration rates between populations. We additionally assessed dispersal potential using a spatially explicit parentage analysis to estimate seed and pollen dispersal kernels within one of the remnants. Estimated pairwise migration rates between populations were barely detectable for seeds, while they were larger (up to 1.1%) and significant for pollen. Both seed and pollen migration rates decreased with geographic distance between populations, more steeply in the case of pollen migration. According to parentage-based dispersal kernels, 51.8% of seeds and 11.4% of pollen travel less than 25 ​m, whereas 0.2% of seeds and 36.1% of pollen travel more than 250 ​m from a source tree. In addition, 1.2% of pollen can travel more than 2.5 ​km. We showed that strong present-day population fragmentation, with separation distances over a few kilometers between small fragments, can substantially limit the connectivity of a wind-pollinated declining tree, leading to low pollen-mediated contemporary gene flow and null or virtually null demographic connectivity via seed dispersal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000769/pdfft?md5=219d0a4115284db7075bec6b9d92f5fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000769-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting carbon storage of mixed broadleaf forests based on the finite mixture model incorporating stand factors, site quality, and aridity index","authors":"Yanlin Wang ,&nbsp;Dongzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Dongyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Yongning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diameter distribution function (DDF) is a crucial tool for accurately predicting stand carbon storage (CS). The current key issue, however, is how to construct a high-precision DDF based on stand factors, site quality, and aridity index to predict stand CS in multi-species mixed forests with complex structures. This study used data from 70 survey plots for mixed broadleaf <em>Populus davidiana</em> and <em>Betula platyphylla</em> forests in the Mulan Rangeland State Forest, Hebei Province, China, to construct the DDF based on maximum likelihood estimation and finite mixture model (FMM). Ordinary least squares (OLS), linear seemingly unrelated regression (LSUR), and back propagation neural network (BPNN) were used to investigate the influences of stand factors, site quality, and aridity index on the shape and scale parameters of DDF and predicted stand CS of mixed broadleaf forests. The results showed that FMM accurately described the stand-level diameter distribution of the mixed <em>P. davidiana</em> and <em>B. platyphylla</em> forests; whereas the Weibull function constructed by MLE was more accurate in describing species-level diameter distribution. The combined variable of quadratic mean diameter (<em>D</em>_q), stand basal area (BA), and site quality improved the accuracy of the shape parameter models of FMM; the combined variable of <em>D</em>_q, BA, and De Martonne aridity index improved the accuracy of the scale parameter models. Compared to OLS and LSUR, the BPNN had higher accuracy in the re-parameterization process of FMM. OLS, LSUR, and BPNN overestimated the CS of <em>P. davidiana</em> but underestimated the CS of <em>B. platyphylla</em> in the large diameter classes (DBH ≥18 ​cm). BPNN accurately estimated stand- and species-level CS, but it was more suitable for estimating stand-level CS compared to species-level CS, thereby providing a scientific basis for the optimization of stand structure and assessment of carbon sequestration capacity in mixed broadleaf forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000253/pdfft?md5=7e93c7cb169563188fef334cd34424ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects forest plant and soil system carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometric flexibility: A meta-analysis","authors":"Xiyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Wang ,&nbsp;Yaqi Qiao ,&nbsp;Yi Cao ,&nbsp;Yan Jiao ,&nbsp;An Yang ,&nbsp;Mengzhou Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Ma ,&nbsp;Mengya Song ,&nbsp;Shenglei Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nitrogen (N) deposition affects forest stoichiometric flexibility through changing soil nutrient availability to influence plant uptake. However, the effect of N deposition on the flexibility of carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) in forest plant-soil-microbe systems remains unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a meta-analysis based on 751 pairs of observations to evaluate the responses of plant, soil and microbial biomass C, N and P nutrients and stoichiometry to N addition in different N intensity (0–50, 50–100, &gt;100 ​kg⋅ha⁻¹⋅year⁻¹ of N), duration (0–5, &gt;5 year), method (understory, canopy), and matter (ammonium N, nitrate N, organic N, mixed N).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>N addition significantly increased plant N:P (leaf: 14.98%, root: 13.29%), plant C:P (leaf: 6.8%, root: 25.44%), soil N:P (13.94%), soil C:P (10.86%), microbial biomass N:P (23.58%), microbial biomass C:P (12.62%), but reduced plant C:N (leaf: 6.49%, root: 9.02%). Furthermore, plant C:N:P stoichiometry changed significantly under short-term N inputs, while soil and microorganisms changed drastically under high N addition. Canopy N addition primarily affected plant C:N:P stoichiometry through altering plant N content, while understory N inputs altered more by influencing soil C and P content. Organic N significantly influenced plant and soil C:N and C:P, while ammonia N changed plant N:P. Plant C:P and soil C:N were strongly correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAT), and the C:N:P stoichiometric flexibility in soil and plant under N addition connected with soil depth. Besides, N addition decoupled the correlations between soil microorganisms and the plant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>N addition significantly increased the C:P and N:P in soil, plant, and microbial biomass, reducing plant C:N, and aggravated forest P limitations. Significantly, these impacts were contingent on climate types, soil layers, and N input forms. The findings enhance our comprehension of the plant-soil system nutrient cycling mechanisms in forest ecosystems and plant strategy responses to N deposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000289/pdfft?md5=e75c51c61911b9313175ac66ea637fc6&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the effect of stand and site characteristics on the probability of mistletoe infestation in Scots pine stands using remote sensing data","authors":"Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska ,&nbsp;Piotr Janiec ,&nbsp;Paweł Hawryło ,&nbsp;Jacek Ślopek ,&nbsp;Anna Zielonka ,&nbsp;Paweł Netzel ,&nbsp;Daniel Janczyk ,&nbsp;Jarosław Socha","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past decade, the presence of mistletoe (<em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>austriacum</em>) in Scots pine stands has increased in many European countries. Understanding the factors that influence the occurrence of mistletoe in stands is key to making appropriate forest management decisions to limit damage and prevent the spread of mistletoe in the future. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the probability of mistletoe occurrence in Scots pine stands in relation to stand-related endogenous factors such as age, top height, and stand density, as well as topographic and edaphic factors. We used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery from 2,247 stands to detect mistletoe in Scots pine stands, while majority stand and site characteristics were calculated from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. Information on stand age and site type from the State Forest database were also used. We found that mistletoe infestation in Scots pine stands is influenced by stand and site characteristics. We documented that the densest, tallest, and oldest stands were more susceptible to mistletoe infestation. Site type and specific microsite conditions associated with topography were also important factors driving mistletoe occurrence. In addition, climatic water balance was a significant factor in increasing the probability of mistletoe occurrence, which is important in the context of predicted temperature increases associated with climate change. Our results are important for better understanding patterns of mistletoe infestation and ecosystem functioning under climate change. In an era of climate change and technological development, the use of remote sensing methods to determine the risk of mistletoe infestation can be a very useful tool for managing forest ecosystems to maintain forest sustainability and prevent forest disturbance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000277/pdfft?md5=e5a860ba74b8e5598ac54699825376b6&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000277-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling REDD+ understanding of local stakeholders on the onset of materializing carbon credits from forests in Nepal","authors":"Hari Prasad Pandey ,&nbsp;Tek Narayan Maraseni ,&nbsp;Armando Apan ,&nbsp;Shreejana Bhusal","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>REDD+¹ is an economic incentivizing mechanism aimed at reducing or offsetting of carbon emissions in forests, while realizing multiple benefits alongside climate action. Engaging local stakeholders is crucial for its sustainable implementation and benefit-sharing mechanism. This study focuses on the knowledge and understanding of local-level stakeholders about REDD+ and its associated attributes, revealing significant knowledge gaps between areas with and without REDD+ ​pilot activities. For this, we conducted the semi-structured questionnaire interviews (<em>n</em> ​= ​136), key informant interviews (<em>n</em> ​= ​27), and focus group discussions (<em>n</em> ​= ​4) with local-level REDD+ ​stakeholders (LLRS) comprising both inside and outside of pilot project districts in three provinces of Nepal, by adopting the concept of socio-ecological systems (SES). Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) and visualized through Sankey diagrams. The results indicate a poor understanding (29%) of LLRS on the REDD+ ​process, its relationship with forests, concerns among stakeholders, and its potential significance. The perception of REDD+ ​knowledge, mechanisms, and benefits significantly (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05) varied across study areas, age groups, genders, professional backgrounds, educational levels, ownership of private forests, and types of household energy sources used among respondents. Despite receiving readiness funds, stakeholders’ comprehension of the REDD+ ​process remains limited, indicating suboptimal policy implementation. Knowledge gaps were influenced by social background, voices and choices, and the fear of REDD+ ​disrupting traditional practices among the LLRS. The study emphasizes the need to redress the concerns of LLRS by considering their social backgrounds and traditional practices through informed and participatory decision-making, enhance communication, transparency, and inclusive forest governance. The findings show that current external support has not sufficiently enhanced capacity among LLRS, suggesting the need for sufficient and sustainable support through national policy and financing mechanisms. Further, the study identified extremely poor REDD+ ​-related knowledge dissemination within communities, exacerbating challenges in implementation and benefit-sharing mechanisms, revealing the simplification of its process is essential. The study advocates for revising REDD+ ​-related policies to optimize benefits, ensure smooth implementation, realize fair and equitable carbon credits from forests, and foster shared responsibility and ownership among all stakeholders in climate actions through improved forest governance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000757/pdfft?md5=8ab6a680f978e6ed158671e78ef85bce&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000757-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species prefer to shifting niche positions rather than expanding niche breadth to adapt to the heterogeneous karst forests","authors":"Shiren Chen ,&nbsp;Zeyu Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhang Wu ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Longchenxi Meng ,&nbsp;Luyao Chen ,&nbsp;Yingqun Chen ,&nbsp;Xuerong Shao ,&nbsp;Mingzhen Sui ,&nbsp;Guangqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Danmei Chen ,&nbsp;Yuejun He ,&nbsp;Lipeng Zang ,&nbsp;Qingfu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interspecific variations of plant functional traits can characterize the niche positions of species within communities, while the intraspecific variations can accurately display the species’ niche breadth. Revealing relative contributions of intra- and interspecific variations to plant functional community structure is crucial in understanding how the species coexist together, especially in species-diverse ecosystems. To explore how the intra- and interspecific variations of plant functional traits change along the successional pathway in heterogeneous conditions, we established a series of plots and measured main plant functional traits along the natural regeneration in karst forest ecosystems. By quantifying the intra- and interspecific variations of plant functional traits, we found that the changes in intraspecific variations were relatively lower compared to changes in interspecific variations throughout the natural regeneration. Further analysis showed that the community spatial structure contributed more to the intraspecific variations of plant functional traits, while the soil physicochemical properties contributed more to interspecific variations. Our study suggested that tree species might tend to narrow their niche and change the positions to release the niche overlap when faced with heterogeneous habitat conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000836/pdfft?md5=cc6d32d820002462daf67c3780bb07f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of habitat configuration on biodiversity along gradients of forest cover on the Swiss Plateau","authors":"Yiwen Pan ,&nbsp;Anna M. Hersperger ,&nbsp;Gang Ge ,&nbsp;Michael P. Nobis","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The negative effects of habitat loss on biodiversity are undisputed, while the effect of habitat configuration, i.e., the spatial arrangement of habitat area, has been debated for decades. To develop a more comprehensive understanding, it is important to know when and how configuration matters. In this study, we tested whether forest configuration influences the richness of species in groups characterized by varying shade tolerance in different ways and how such effects are related to habitat amount (i.e., the percentage of forest cover) at the landscape scale. Based on 104 survey plots (each measuring 1 ​km²) of vascular plants on the Swiss Plateau, and using two statistical approaches (i.e., multiple regression and path analysis), we modeled the effects of habitat amount and configuration (measured as number of forest patches, total edge length, and proximity index) across all the plots and separately for three habitat amount classes: &lt;10%, 10%–30%, and &gt;30% forest cover. When we modeled all plots together, we found that, after controlling for habitat amount, the forest configuration significantly affected species richness. When we considered the different habitat amount classes separately, most of the significant effects of habitat configuration on species richness occurred only for habitat amounts of &lt;10% forest cover. Additionally, the response to forest configuration differed among species with different shade tolerances. When forest area was &lt;10%, the effects of the number of patches and the total edge length on the species richness of light-demanding forest species were greater than the effect of habitat amount, whereas neither configuration metric affected the richness of shade-tolerant species. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of configuration in landscapes with a small amount of habitat. At the same time, they demonstrate that considering the confounding factors (e.g. species traits) is important for understanding the effects of forest configuration on biodiversity and that generalizations remain a challenge for landscape ecology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000599/pdfft?md5=4a9e9e167b7ef3392cdd9fe6990f04f5&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000599-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing wood efficiency through comprehensive wood flow analysis: Methodology and strategic insights","authors":"Ruisheng Wang,&nbsp;Peer Haller","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood, an essential natural resource in human civilization, remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution. The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood utilization. Material flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks, aiding resource management and environmental decision-making. However, the full extent of its methodological dimensions, particularly within the context of the wood supply chain, remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis, discussing its primary objectives, materials involved, temporal and spatial scales, data sources, units, and conversion factors. Additionally, data uncertainty, data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this paper. Key findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials, where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood products. The immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect, with energy substitution showcasing better results than material substitution. However, it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global perspective. Strategies for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use, advancing construction technologies, extending product lifespans, promoting cascade use, and optimizing energy recovery processes. The study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000150/pdfft?md5=cf4e5abacda2569b45c305567575c60e&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood effects on tree growth in a Fagus sylvatica - Abies alba forest following an ice storm","authors":"Andrej Ficko ,&nbsp;Karlo Beljan ,&nbsp;Mislav Vedriš ,&nbsp;Jura Čavlović ,&nbsp;Krunoslav Teslak","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice storms can cause substantial damage to tree crowns and lead to growth reduction. However, in uneven-aged stands, the growth of an individual tree may also increase due to crown release caused by the damage or mortality of neighboring trees. Three years after the devastating ice storm in 2014 in mixed uneven-aged Dinaric forests (Croatia), we cored 156 European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) and 85 silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) trees across 20 permanent sample plots to study the post-storm growth response as a function of tree, stand, site, spatial arrangement and local competition factors. The ice storm damaged over 84% of trees on the sampled plots. Among the cored trees, 52.7% exhibited growth reduction, which on average amounted to −3.1% relative to the pre-disturbance average. Trees with less than 40% crown damage maintained their pre-disturbance growth rates or experienced only minor growth suppression. While 60% of beech trees suffered a growth reduction at an average rate of −7.2%, the average radial increment of fir after the storm was 14.0% higher compared to the pre-storm rate. A linear mixed-effects model suggests that the growth response can largely be explained by the focal and neighboring tree species identity, tree competition pressure, focal and neighboring tree damage, crown size, slenderness index and stoniness. Growth release was positively associated with fir, inverse distance-weighted crown damage of the nearest neighbor, shorter crowns, slenderness, less stony sites and less damaged trees. The analysis suggests that at the same level of local competition load, trees with a broadleaved and damaged nearest neighbor are more likely to experience growth release than those with a coniferous or undamaged nearest neighbor. This implies that uneven-aged stands with a substantial presence and mingling of both conifers and broadleaves are expected to be more resilient to ice storms and are less likely to suffer growth reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}