Environmental Development最新文献

{"title":"How do different types of urban parks yield varied cooling effects? Decoding the contributing factors with Catboost-Shap analysis","authors":"Xiaxuan He ,&nbsp;Qifeng Yuan ,&nbsp;Yinghong Qin ,&nbsp;Junwen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Urban parks play a crucial role in mitigating the urban heat island effect and improving the quality of life for city residents. However, the land available for parks and green spaces is shrinking in high-density urban areas, making it essential to identify which types of parks are most effective in generating cooling effects.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This study focused on 249 parks in the central urban area of Guangzhou, China, calculating several indicators to assess park cooling effectiveness. These include Park Cooling Intensity and Park Cooling Gradient from an accumulative perspective, as well as Park Cooling Area and Park Cooling Efficiency from a maximum perspective. These quantitative measures were used to evaluate the cooling effects of different types of urban parks. Through empirical research and a literature review, thirteen factors influencing park cooling were identified, and their significance was determined using the CatBoost binary classification model and the SHapley Additive exPlanations method from machine learning.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Parks were classified as having a significant cooling effect only if their surrounding areas showed a detectable temperature reduction. The results showed that 217 of the 249 parks demonstrated a significant cooling effect, with an average PCI of 0.0317 ± 0.01, PCG of 1.03 ± 0.02, PCA of 4.36 ± 0.8 km², and PCE of 12.35 ± 3.25. The excluded 32 parks displayed no discernible temperature decrease, indicating an absence of cooling island effects. Among all park types, community parks and amusement parks exhibited the strongest cooling effects, attributable to their consistently superior performance across PCI, PCG and PCE metrics, a direct reflection of enhanced thermal regulation capacity, followed by forest parks and specialized parks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research provides valuable insights for urban planning aimed at mitigating the UHI effect and enhancing resident comfort. It also offers quantitative references for improving and renovating parks in land-constrained cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in land use and cover and carbon stock estimates in the Red River Sub-basin, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil","authors":"Marcos Túlio Dourado Lima ,&nbsp;Milton Marques Fernandes ,&nbsp;Junior Ruiz Garcia ,&nbsp;Luís Otávio Bau Macedo","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “Rio Vermelho” Sub-basin (SBHRV), located between the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes, faces intense deforestation and agribusiness expansion, factors that increase greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil. This study assessed changes in land use and cover, the dynamics of carbon stocks and economic valuation for the years 2000, 2008 and 2020, using the InVEST model. The results indicate that between 2000 and 2020, forest and savannah areas decreased from 40.7 % to 37 % of the SBHRV, while pastures increased from 34.2 % to 36.8 % and soybean cultivation from 9.3 % to 13.4 %. Accumulated deforestation amounted to 110,413 ha (7.4 % of the total area), and forest regeneration accounted for only 4 % in the period. The net carbon stock was reduced by around 3.6 million Mg, falling from 104.3 million Mg in 2000 to 100.7 million Mg in 2020. The associated economic loss was estimated at US$ 600 million due to the social cost of carbon, US$ 296.8 million on the international market and US$ 73.6 million on the Brazilian CBIO market. The results reinforce the transformation of the landscape and the need for integrated strategies to conserve carbon stocks and ecosystem services in the SBHRV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101299"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying ecosystem carbon storage, tree diversity, and carbon credit potential in the urban semi-arid forests of Delhi, India","authors":"Rajendra Kumar Joshi ,&nbsp;Satish Chandra Garkoti","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forest plays crucial role in enhancing biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and improving overall urban environments. Despite growing recognition of their role in climate mitigation, limited studies have comprehensively quantified tree diversity, ecosystem carbon pools, and carbon credit potential in semi-arid urban ecosystems like Delhi. This study focusses on quantifying tree diversity, carbon storage, and carbon credit potential in the urban semi-arid forest of Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi. The research assessed carbon storage in tree biomass, litter, understory, and soil organic carbon (SOC) including microbial biomass carbon (MBC), to evaluate their contributions to carbon stocks and their economic potential through carbon credits. Tree biomass and carbon stock were estimated using species-specific allometric equations and wood density values. Soil samples were collected from each plot at a depth of 0–30 cm and analyzed for organic carbon using the Walkley-Black method. The monetary value of sequestered carbon was calculated by multiplying the total carbon stock by the prevailing rate in the voluntary carbon market (USD per ton of CO₂ equivalent). The study identified 11 dominant tree species with a density of 826 individual's ha⁻¹ and a basal area of 18.01 m² ha⁻¹. <em>Azadirachta indica</em> and <em>Acacia nilotica</em> exhibited the highest CO₂ sequestration potentials at 55.10 Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ and 54.43 Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹, correspondingly to economic values of $771.40 and $762.02 ha^-1. In contrast, <em>Cassia fistula</em> showed the lowest CO₂ sequestration potential at 0.23 Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹, with a value of $3.22 ha^-1. The SOC pool was the largest contributor, accounting for 43.21 % of total carbon storage, with 149.73 Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹, valued at $ 2096.20 ha^-1. Understory vegetation, MBC, and litter also contributed significantly, underscoring the importance of both above- and below-ground components in urban carbon dynamics. The findings underscore the potential of urban forest for carbon sequestration and carbon credit generation, advocating the need for strategic urban planning that integrates green infrastructure to support sustainable development in cities like Delhi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception, bias, and adaptation: Role of indigenous knowledge in dual climate-stressed farming communities of Assam, India","authors":"Jigyasa Sandilya,&nbsp;Kishor Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Farmers' perceptions are the basis for introducing adaptive practices to combat climate threats. There is a dearth of literature documenting the intricacies of smallholder farmers' perceptions who face extreme vulnerability in a rural context. The present study examines how smallholder farmers exposed to dual extreme events (floods and droughts) perceive climate change, their expectations regarding future changes, and their strategies for adaptation. It explores the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in influencing farmers' perceptions and their subsequent adaptive behavior. In-depth data were collected using personal interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) with farmers residing across three highly vulnerable districts in Assam. The study used a mixed-method approach for conducting the analyses — a combination of reflexive thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation. We establish a positive correlation between farmers affected by extreme events over the past three years and their perception of climate change. The results highlight the influence of psychological biases, such as the recency effect and psychological distance, in farmers’ decision-making processes. The findings of our study reveal that farmers rely more on IK in implementing adaptation practices than in forming perceptions. Our study emphasizes the possibility of successful communication tactics, including the creation of simple and culturally relevant catchphrases, to enhance climate change awareness among farmers with limited or no formal education. The findings of the study offer a guide for policymakers and stakeholders at local and state levels to incorporate IK into comprehensive adaptation policy frameworks, promoting long-term sustainability and community resilience in climate-vulnerable areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neuro-fuzzy system for the formulation of guidelines in the process of formulating public policies to promote agricultural employment in Colombia","authors":"Juan Sánchez ,&nbsp;Fabio Sánchez ,&nbsp;Helbert Espitia","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concerning sustainable objectives, governments face the challenge of revitalizing rural areas and the reduction of poverty in population. Therefore, promoting dignified and decent agricultural employment in rural areas would solve these situations. For this reason, this document aims to determine the main guidelines for formulating public agricultural employment policies in Colombia. Understanding that the public policy formulation process is highly complex, and that the use of artificial intelligence tools can be useful to reduce the associated uncertainty and would help obtain a successful solution, this research employs the Artificial Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) technique. A review of previous works was carried out and the computational model was designed and implemented. Besides artificial intelligence, statistical tools and qualitative analysis were also utilized. It was concluded that for high percentages of agricultural employment in the departments, it is necessary to improve the education levels of the rural population to increase income from agricultural jobs, reduce verbal contracting, and the degree of uncertainty of the contract duration. Thus, the use of ANFIS systems can be helpful in the process of formulating agricultural public policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergizing awareness and policy: A system dynamics approach to reducing illegal waste dumping","authors":"Linwei Du ,&nbsp;Ruidong Chang ,&nbsp;Hongping Yuan ,&nbsp;Jian Zuo ,&nbsp;George Zillante","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illegal waste dumping poses significant environmental and societal challenges, driven by both external factors and the perpetrators’ knowledge levels. Despite its urgency, limited research quantifies how management policies and perpetrator awareness interact to influence illegal dumping and the broader waste disposal system. This study employs a system dynamics (SD) model to dynamically analyse the interplay between publicity policies, perpetrator knowledge, and waste management strategies in mitigating illegal dumping. Our model uncovers that enhancing perpetrator awareness through targeted publicity policies effectively curbs illegal dumping and boosts waste recycling rates. By simulating various scenarios, we demonstrate that combined policy approaches -- integrating publicity efforts with recycling subsidies -- outperform singular strategies. Optimal waste management outcomes are achieved when investments in both policy areas are balanced at a 1:1 ratio. These findings highlight the importance of a holistic policy framework, where synchronized efforts in raising awareness and providing economic incentives work together to address illegal dumping more efficiently. The developed SD model serves as a tool for policymakers to simulate and identify the most effective combinations of strategies tailored to specific regional contexts. This research not only fills a critical gap in the literature but also offers practical guidance for designing robust waste management policies that adapt to evolving environmental and social dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of social vulnerability to flood, earthquake and fire hazards case study: districts of Sari city","authors":"Mehrnaz Ramzanpour ,&nbsp;Rouhollah Rahimi ,&nbsp;Delyar Asadi","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase in natural hazards in recent decades shows that social vulnerability assessment is an important issue for understanding the occurrence and response to these hazards. This research investigates the social vulnerability of different parts of Sari city to three hazards: flood, earthquake, and fire. To this end, the paper formulates an analytical framework and assessment criteria for social vulnerability based on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability dimensions. Eleven districts of Sari city were selected, and information was collected based on the master plan, field surveys, and interviews. According to the findings, area 3-1 is the most vulnerable area, while area 2–3 has the least vulnerability. When disasters occur, among the four districts of Sari, District 4 (in the city center) and District 1 (north to west of the city) will suffer the least damage. The factors affecting social vulnerability were identified. The results show that social vulnerability is influenced by different factors. The seven main factors predicting it in the exposure dimension are topography, building age, and proximity to the river; in the sensitivity dimension, fire stations and bus stations; and in the adaptability dimension, education and government support. Therefore, increasing the quality of the built environment reduces the risk of exposure, access to urban services reduces sensitivity, and education level and government support increase adaptability. Managers and planners can use this tool and its results to adopt appropriate strategies and improve objectives and decision-making in the use of various natural resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of resident consumers and farmers enhancing sustainable use of treated wastewater in urban and peri-urban farming in the Caribbean region – A case study from Trinidad","authors":"K.S. Banerjee,&nbsp;Samiyah Abdal-Adil,&nbsp;Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla,&nbsp;Prashant Yadev Birbal","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving sustainability in waste management based on the Internet of Things: A robust hybrid decision-making framework","authors":"Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri ,&nbsp;Maghsoud Amiri ,&nbsp;Ali Mostafaeipour ,&nbsp;Ttu Le","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the practical fields for implementing the Internet of Things (IoT) is Waste Management Systems (WMS) in smart cities, which is vital due to the increase in population density. The implementation of IoT in the WMS faces many challenges that affect the successful execution of this technology. Therefore, this examination aims to present a hybrid MCDM framework under uncertainty to evaluate the challenges of implementing IoT in WMS of smart cities. A set of criteria, including technical dimensions, technological capabilities, and aspects of sustainable development, are considered in this research. Then, criteria are weighted utilizing the Best Worst Method (BWM) approach. Next, the challenges of IoT in the WMS are assessed using the Grey Evaluation based on the Distance from Average Solution (EDAS-G) technique. The Grey Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS-G), Grey COmplex Proportional Assessment of alternatives (COPRAS-G), and Grey Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS-G) techniques are proposed to examine the validation. The findings indicated the lack of Information Technology (IT) infrastructure/architecture was the most critical challenge. Policymakers and planners must provide suitable facilities and architecture for IoT implementation in various fields. The fields of attracting investments and developing IT infrastructure are improved through financial incentives and better cooperation with companies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of illegal mining in the Amansie West District using the partial lease square model","authors":"Daniel Adusu ,&nbsp;Samuel Kumi ,&nbsp;Mary Antwi ,&nbsp;Michael Asigbaase ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kwaku Sackey","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illegal mining is one of Ghana's most prominent socioeconomic and environmental challenges. Despite several interventions by successive governments to deal with the menace, the activity continues to thrive largely because proposed interventions fail to address the underlying drivers of the challenge. Using quantitative data from face-to-face structured interviews conducted in the Amansie West, an illegal mining hotspot district in Ghana, this study analyzes the interrelations between the drivers of illegal mining using the Partial Lease Square (PLS) model. The model revealed a direct positive relationship between poverty, unemployment, and weak institutional, regulatory, and legislative frameworks and illegal mining while high mining profitability and corruption showed an indirect negative relationship with illegal mining. Furthermore, poverty and unemployment were observed to be the strongest and most significant positive drivers of illegal mining (estimate: 0.84, p-value: 0.001) followed by weak institutional, regulatory and legislative framework (estimate: 0.25, p-value: 0.0004). On the contrary, high profitability of mining (estimate: −0.18, p-value: 0.002) and corruption (estimate: −0.24, p-value: 0.002) recorded a significant but negative relationship with illegal mining. The study therefore concludes that initiatives undertaken by government agencies to ensure sustainability in the ASM sector mining must be rooted in livelihood diversification and poverty alleviation and in a balanced institutional, regulatory, and legislative environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}