Environmental Development最新文献

{"title":"Stabilization mechanisms of blue financial instruments against marine productivity fluctuations in China's coastal regions under climate variability","authors":"Ming Li,&nbsp;Xianjun Bao,&nbsp;XueQin Zhong,&nbsp;Zichen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's coastal provinces generate an estimated 15 to 22% of provincial GDP from marine-dependent sectors including capture fisheries, mariculture, coastal tourism, and seaborne trade. These sectors are exposed to persistent and intensifying climate variability, particularly to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) shifts, and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, all of which depress marine productivity and raise the default risk of blue financial instruments. Understanding whether blue bonds, blue loans, and marine sustainability-linked securities possess intrinsic or structurally engineered stabilization advantages over conventional instruments is a question of first-order importance for blue economy finance design. This study constructs a panel dataset covering eight coastal provinces of China (Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shandong, Liaoning, Hainan, Jiangsu, and Hebei) over the period 2010 to 2023 (n = 1344 instrument-year observations). A Marine Productivity Index (MPI) is constructed from catch volume, aquaculture yield, and coastal tourism revenue data. Five econometric specifications—pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), province fixed effects (FE), random effects (RE), instrumental variable FE (IV-FE), and panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE)—are used to estimate the causal effect of MPI fluctuations and climate variability indices on blue bond credit spreads. Four stabilization mechanisms are evaluated: covenant-revenue linkage, green key performance indicator (KPI) klinkering, regulatory capital buffer requirements, and market-making facility provision.</div><div>A one-unit decline in MPI raises credit spreads by 1.97 to 2.19 basis points (bps) in FE specifications (p &lt; 0.001). A one-standard-deviation ENSO shock widens spreads by 12.5 to 14.7 bps. Blue instruments with covenant-revenue linkage show spread reductions of 18.6 ± 1.4 bps relative to covenant-free peers, controlling for issuer creditworthiness and sector exposure. Under compound climate event scenarios, blue instrument default rates (6.8%) are 40% lower than comparable conventional instrument rates (11.4%). Province-level heterogeneity is substantial: Liaoning and Shandong, which depend more heavily on capture fisheries, face the highest climate-driven spread volatility, while Fujian and Zhejiang, with more diversified marine revenue bases, show greater inherent stabilization. These findings provide the first econometrically identified evidence of the stabilization function of blue financial instrument design features under real-world climate variability conditions in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material flow analysis of post-consumer apparel waste in Australia","authors":"Mahbuba Imroz Khan,&nbsp;Lijing Wang,&nbsp;Rajiv Padhye","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apparel waste is a significant, rapidly growing problem in Australia. However, the flow of the waste streams in various routes has yet to be quantified extensively. This study attempts to map and quantify various waste flows in Australia by applying material flow analysis (MFA) as a methodological tool. The MFA results indicate that clothing recyclers are one of the critical actors handling around 33% of apparel waste per year (i.e., around 170,204 ± 29,462 tonnes). Surprisingly, the study identifies clothing recyclers as the leading source of apparel waste directed to landfill, with an estimated annual disposal of around 141,076 tonnes. The research also revealed that in the name of offshore recycling, around 25% of the waste is transferred to overseas countries. Landfills are the primary contributor to the apparel end-of-life streams (around 39%), with only 14% of apparel being reused. Apparel made from cotton-polyester blends is identified as the most landfilled item (i.e., on average 62000 tonnes per year). The findings highlight a pressing need for systemic reforms in apparel waste management, with particular emphasis on enhancing recycling accountability and promoting circular economy strategies in Australia. Several limitations and future research directions have been mentioned in this research to investigate this topic further, particularly waste characterization, national-level waste inventory database development, aspects related to practices of local clothing recyclers and inventory on offshore recycling, and consumer behaviour around disposing of apparel products with the context of Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101491"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148185044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing urban drought dynamics using standardized drought indices and evaluating water-sensitive principles for drought resilience in three Indian secondary cities","authors":"A. Navaneeth ,&nbsp;U. Surendran ,&nbsp;M. Banu ,&nbsp;K. Naveena ,&nbsp;P.S. Harikumar","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban drought is an emerging challenge in rapidly growing cities, particularly under increasing climate variability and rising water demand. This study investigates urban drought dynamics across three secondary Indian cities namely Kozhikode, Bhuj, and Bhopal representing humid tropical, arid, and semi-arid climatic regions, respectively. Research delves into the analysis of drought using essential drought indices, including the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Departure Analysis of Rainfall (DAR), and Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) using DrinC software. Analysing 37 years of data, from 1984 to 2020, has provided invaluable insights into the trends and alterations in drought occurrences and rainfall patterns across these regions. Distinct disparities were revealed among these areas, notably the SPI values showing wet and dry periods. For instance, while Kozhikode experienced mild wetness during 2018-2019, Bhuj and Bhopal faced severe and extreme wetness, respectively, during similar time frames. Long-term rainfall pattern analysis unveiled fluctuations in precipitation concentration. The RDI values, spanning a considerable time frame from 1984 to 2020, indicate fluctuations in drought intensity over the years. The findings underscore that urban drought is not merely a hydrometeorological challenge but a multi-dimensional governance issue requiring systemic, cross-sectoral interventions. Beyond drought characterization, the study integrates drought diagnostics with Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) principles to explore governance pathways for improving urban drought resilience. The study also proposes a transitional framework that promotes decentralized water management, aquifer recharge, green–blue infrastructure, and participatory planning to strengthen long-term urban water resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to ‘Towards a unified knowledge management framework for Global Environment Facility Small Grants Programme (GEF-SGP): Bridging global goals with local insights’ [Environ. Dev. 57C (2026) / 101364]","authors":"Susmita Mitra ,&nbsp;Dhiman Debsarma ,&nbsp;Dipankar Saharia ,&nbsp;Aradhana Goyal","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101460"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural insurance at the edge of climate extremes: Lessons from South Korea","authors":"Deepak Chaulagain ,&nbsp;Adisa Hammed Akinsoji ,&nbsp;Qudus Adeyi ,&nbsp;Rahmon Abiodun Salau ,&nbsp;Kyung Sook Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural insurance is widely promoted as a climate adaptation tool, yet its effectiveness as a true risk transfer mechanism remains uncertain in many countries. This perspective argues the role of agricultural insurance through a comparative analysis of systems in different countries and South Korea using secondary data, policy reports, and existing literature. Comparative evidence suggests that agricultural insurance performance varies considerably across contexts and tends to be stronger under supportive institutional, financial, and governance frameworks, as illustrated by South Korea's experience. While many countries continue to face challenges such as low coverage (&lt;20%), delayed claim settlements, and weak institutional capacity, South Korea insures nearly 70 crops, achieves approximately 50% coverage for major commodities, and provides annual indemnities exceeding KRW 1 trillion during extreme events through strong legal and financial support mechanisms. However, insurance primarily stabilizes income, it may not necessarily address underlying structural vulnerability. Future policy should integrate insurance within broader adaptation strategies that include risk reduction measures, early warning systems, and transitions toward climate resilient agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typical impediments to livelihood resilience among geographical indication agricultural farmers: A family life cycle perspective, Shaanxi Province, China","authors":"Xiao Feng ,&nbsp;Xingmin Shi ,&nbsp;Xueping Li ,&nbsp;Yi Fan ,&nbsp;Xieyang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change will exacerbate the risk of natural environmental change in the originate areas where geographical indication agricultural products are produced, thereby threatening the livelihoods of local smallholder farmers. Due to the heterogeneity of household family characteristics and factors hindering livelihood resilience, there is a great challenge to scale up different interventions to enhance livelihood resilience. To achieve this goal, this paper introduces the family life cycle as a new research perspective into livelihood resilience research and provides targeted improvement strategies for farmers based on the typical obstacle types. The results show that: (1) The level of livelihood resilience of growers is generally low, with a mean value of 0.488. Among them, the buffer capacity is the strongest, followed by the learning capacity, and the self-organization capacity is the weakest. (2) Significant differences are found in livelihood resilience among different family life cycle. In the beginning stage, the farmer's resilience is the highest, with a mean value of 0.555, followed by the matured stage, the supporting stage, the aging stage, the raising stage, and the burdening stage's resilience is the lowest, with a mean value of 0.459. (3) Farmers across the family life cycle show different patterns of impediments to livelihood resilience. The obstacle types of matured stage, burdening and the supporting stage, beginning stage, aging stage, and supporting stage are “self-organization obstacle”, “buffer + self-organization obstacle”, “learning obstacle”, “buffer + learning obstacle” and “buffer + self-organization + learning obstacle”, respectively. Our findings will provide a new entry point for more targeted promotion of livelihood resilience enhancement interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle assessment and optimization of lithium-oxygen battery laboratory development for sustainable innovation","authors":"N. Nasif ,&nbsp;A. Akbulut Uludağ","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing next-generation battery technologies requires laboratory-scale experimentation, yet the environmental impacts of research activities in the early-stage (Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 3) remain largely undocumented. This study provides a life cycle assessment (LCA)-informed, process-based environmental assessment of 1 year of lithium-oxygen (Li-O₂) battery development in university laboratories, where real laboratory inventory data were collected throughout cathode preparation and cell testing. A reference unit reflects the actual scale of laboratory experimentation conducted during the 1-year project, in which various cathode and electrolyte formulations were synthesized and tested to investigate material stability, electrochemical behaviour, and compatibility. Environmental impacts were assessed using the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint method. Results showed that electrochemical testing dominated the environmental impacts, accounting for 85.85 % of total impacts, while cathode preparation contributed 12.75 %. Process optimization, which focused on reducing unnecessary stirring, shortening drying durations, and consolidating testing schedules, reduced electricity demand and lowered environmental impacts by up to 17 % across all categories. These findings demonstrate that early-stage laboratory workflows can impose significant environmental burdens and that simple operational adjustments offer meaningful mitigation potential. This work highlights the importance of integrating environmental considerations into TRL3 research practices to support more sustainable pathways in early-stage battery research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential effects of the implementation of the carbon border adjustment mechanism - the case of Indonesia","authors":"Iwan Hermawan ,&nbsp;Carunia Mulya Firdausy ,&nbsp;Erwidodo ,&nbsp;Reninta Dewi Nugraheni ,&nbsp;Fadhlan Zuhdi ,&nbsp;Khoiru Rizqy Rambe ,&nbsp;Delima Hasri Azahari ,&nbsp;Dian Dwi Laksani ,&nbsp;Ferry Samuel Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is one of the European Union's most ambitious climate-related trade initiatives, designed to reshape global industrial competitiveness well beyond Europe's borders. Despite its significance, empirical evidence on its economic impacts, particularly on partner countries such as Indonesia, remains limited. This study aims to address two objectives: first, to examine the potential effects of CBAM tariffs on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of EU trading partners; and second, to assess their implications for trade flows, sectoral adjustment, investment, and employment in Indonesia. Employing a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework with the Global Trade Analysis Project Recursive Dynamic (GTAP-RD) model, the analysis provides evidence-based insights into how CBAM may reverberate through the Indonesian economy. The results show that while aggregate effects on partner countries' GDP are negligible, sectoral and distributional consequences are much more pronounced. In Indonesia, carbon-intensive industries, particularly iron and steel, face considerable adjustment pressures through declining labor demand and structural reallocation, whereas other sectors remain relatively resilient. This suggests that CBAM functions less as a macroeconomic shock than as a catalyst, exposing the vulnerability of specific industries to low-carbon trade regimes. These findings enrich ongoing policy debates by demonstrating that modest aggregate outcomes can mask substantial sectoral disruptions. For the EU, the study clarifies CBAM's external ramifications, while for Indonesia, it underscores the urgency of adaptive strategies, from technological upgrading to labor market policies, to transform potential risks into opportunities for sustainable industrial development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying a novel scoring approach to assess the success of waste management CDM projects by region, size, and subtype","authors":"Richard David Lee ,&nbsp;Therese Schwarzböck ,&nbsp;Sara Neuburg ,&nbsp;Francis Okori ,&nbsp;Johann Fellner","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouse gas emission abatement is a primary objective of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) under the Kyoto Protocol. In this study, three criteria were developed and ascribed to CDM projects under sectoral scope 13, “waste handling and disposal”: 1) project performance; 2) specific costs for issued certified emission reductions (CERs); and 3) transition status to the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) or a voluntary carbon offsetting program. Using the criteria and a success threshold, an aggregate scoring system was devised to rate the overarching “success” of each individual project. Finally, the projects were grouped by geographic subregion, project subtype, and size classification to observe success rate differences.</div><div>Of 280 projects evaluated, only 114 were assessed as being successful under this model (40.7 %). Projects in “Latin America and the Caribbean” were more than 1.5 times more likely to be evaluated as successful as projects in “Southeast Asia” and “Mainland Asia”. Projects classified as “large” were 1.8 times more likely to be evaluated as successful compared to projects classified as “small”. Projects managing “manure”, “landfill power”, and “landfill flaring” were more likely to be evaluated as successful as “waste water” projects.</div><div>The evaluation also showed that amongst the chosen criteria, cost-effectiveness is the least critical criterion for the success and longevity of the CDM projects. The developed novel scoring method provides a useful tool to assess the general project performance of CDM projects and could also be applied to other sectoral scopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101389"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward sustainable development: Environmental impact assessment challenges and opportunities in Ethiopia","authors":"Tsegay Kahsay Gebrekidan ,&nbsp;Berhanu Hailu Gebremedhin","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2026.101436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a holistic and multidisciplinary process aimed at proactively identifying the potentially significant impacts of proposed project activities on the biophysical, cultural, political, and socioeconomic components of the environment, and human health. In Ethiopia, various challenges, including low governmental and community awareness, political instability, weak project planning, unsustainable natural resource utilization amidst rapid population growth, chronic poverty, and a lack of relevant scientific knowledge, contribute to significant environmental degradation. This review identifies the major opportunities, challenges, and gaps in the practical implementation of EIA by systematically analyzing governmental documents, policies, and secondary data. While Ethiopia has established a robust legislative framework for EIA, including an inclusive constitution, comprehensive environmental policies, and well-defined proclamations, critical gaps remain. These include a lack of implementing laws, inadequate enforcement, and insufficient capacity at ecological protection agencies, limited public participation, and weak political commitment. As a result, EIA often functions as a mere formality rather than a proactive tool for sustainable development, risking environmental degradation and undermining Ethiopia's developmental goals. This review recommends integrating EIA into all sectoral regulations, strengthening institutional structures, enhancing capacity building for EIA professionals, linking project financing to EIA compliance, and fostering public participation and transparency. By adopting these measures and promoting multi-sector collaboration, Ethiopia can revitalize its EIA framework and ensure effective environmental governance, advancing sustainable development and addressing future ecological challenges. Further research on EIA practices is essential for ongoing improvement in this critical area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101436"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}