Elisa Biagetti , Miguel Viegas , Angelo Martella , Silvio Franco , Sara Moreno Pires
{"title":"Assessing the environmental sustainability of Portuguese agriculture","authors":"Elisa Biagetti , Miguel Viegas , Angelo Martella , Silvio Franco , Sara Moreno Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural activity is simultaneously a supplier and consumer of biocapacity. In this sense, the methodology based on the Ecological Footprint and biocapacity is particularly useful for evaluating the environmental sustainability of agricultural practices.</div><div>This article aims to assess the environmental sustainability of Portuguese national and municipal agriculture systems (cropland and livestock) by a synthetic indicator (Ecological Balance) applied to the 278 municipalities of mainland Portugal, based on the Ecological Footprint approach. After identifying regional clusters through a spatial data analysis, the article uses a spatial econometrics model to evaluate the relationship between the environmental sustainability of agricultural practices and the distribution of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) support in Portugal.</div><div>The Ecological Balance of Portuguese agriculture is globally negative. However, it is based on great regional heterogeneity. Profitability negatively affects the environmental performance of agriculture. As a worrying element, the results point to a negative relationship between the support of the CAP and the agricultural Ecological Balance of each municipality. Results support the need for recalibration of CAP financing mechanisms, with greater emphasis on ecological performance and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teke S. Ramotubei , Willem A. Landman , Mohau J. Mateyisi , Shingirai S. Nangombe , Asmerom F. Beraki
{"title":"Response of the global ITCZ to ENSO and how the ITCZ determined from maximum precipitation compares with the surface tropical wind convergence","authors":"Teke S. Ramotubei , Willem A. Landman , Mohau J. Mateyisi , Shingirai S. Nangombe , Asmerom F. Beraki","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shifts in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) may lead to amplification of climate extremes such as droughts and flooding. Its spatio-temporal variations respond to well-established oscillation processes like the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This research establishes the global and regional response of the ITCZ position to ENSO. It also explores the alignment between the ITCZ as determined from two methods: the surface tropical wind convergence, and maximum precipitation. The ERA5 reanalysis data, 1990–2020, are used in this study. Each longitude is scanned for latitude of maximum precipitation, during each El Niño/La Niña/Neutral year, within the 20°N/S latitude range to identify the ITCZ position. An overlay of surface tropical wind convergence and the ITCZ position is employed for comparison of the two methods. The study concludes that the position established by the maximum precipitation aligns with the surface tropical wind convergence over the global oceanic areas. On seasonal average, the La Niña ITCZ position is consistently southward of its El Niño position over Africa and Central Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, the extreme cases of El Niño/La Niña leads to further north/south shifting of the ITCZ position from its normal El Niño/La Niña positions. The continental and Atlantic Ocean ITCZ is more persistent and shows a minimal fluctuation, in comparison to Oceanic ITCZ, during the El Niño/La Niña. Cross-wavelet analysis was explored as an African case study and it shows common high-power features between the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and ITCZ signals over a four-year periodicity, mirroring the ENSO periodicity albeit with slowly varying time lag across the years. The cross-correlation of the two signals is strongest in Austral summer (DJF), corresponding to the peak of ENSO. This study contributes to the understanding of the overall description of the global and regional (with Australia and South America as new additions) ITCZ along with its response to the ENSO phases using the latest ERA reanalysis data. The global/regional spatio-temporal ITCZ shifts open an opportunity for improved interpretation of seasonal forecasts of hydroclimatic events, especially under climate change conditions that reflect a possibility of an increase in the frequency of ENSO events in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Abu Issa Gazi , Abdullah Al Masud , Md. Kazi Hafizur Rahman , Mohammad Bin Amin , Md. Emon , Abdul Rahman bin S Senathirajah , Masuk Abdullah
{"title":"Sustainable embankment contribute to a sustainable economy: The impact of climate change on the economic disaster in coastal area","authors":"Md. Abu Issa Gazi , Abdullah Al Masud , Md. Kazi Hafizur Rahman , Mohammad Bin Amin , Md. Emon , Abdul Rahman bin S Senathirajah , Masuk Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between climate change, economic disasters, disaster management, and sustainability in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Specifically, it aims to investigate how disaster management mediates the impact of economic disasters on sustainable embankment and economic sustainability, providing insights for enhancing resilience in these vulnerable regions.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This study employs a quantitative research approach to analyze the relationships among climate change, economic disasters, disaster management, and sustainability in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Data collected through structured surveys administered to key stakeholders in the region, including local residents, government officials, and disaster management experts. To analyze the data, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The results show that climate change has a positive (β = 0.277) and statistically (p value < 0.05) significant impact on economic disasters in coastal areas, and disaster management is also significantly (β = 0.172, p value < 0.05) related to mitigating economic disasters. Furthermore, the result demonstrates that disaster management has a positive impact on sustainable embankment (β = 0.145) and sustainable economy (β = 0.150) development. Moreover, the authors also find that disaster management significantly (p value < 0.05) mediates the relationship between economic disaster and sustainable embankment and economy development. These findings highlight the necessity for policymakers to give integrated disaster response plans and resilient infrastructure funding top priority in order to improve coastal regions' sustainability and economic stability.</div></div><div><h3>Originality value</h3><div>This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the direct relationship between embankment resilience and sustainable economic growth and how both can assist lessen the ongoing impacts of climate change. Moreover, this relationship offers the groundwork for policy interventions specific to Bangladesh's coastal regions by highlighting the significance of infrastructure resilience in mitigating economic disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfredo García-de-Vinuesa , David Florido , Cesar Vilas , María Ángeles Torres , Marina Delgado , Isabel Muñoz , Remedios Cabrera-Castro , Fernando Ramos , Marcos Llope
{"title":"Framing social systems for ecosystem-based management: The Guadalquivir estuary-Gulf of Cadiz coupled SES as case study","authors":"Alfredo García-de-Vinuesa , David Florido , Cesar Vilas , María Ángeles Torres , Marina Delgado , Isabel Muñoz , Remedios Cabrera-Castro , Fernando Ramos , Marcos Llope","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conserving and using the oceans, seas, and marine resources sustainably is a high-level management goal encouraged by the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and endorsed by most national policies. Estuaries are complex Social-Ecological Systems (SES) impacted by pressures from multi-sectoral activities. In these contexts, a holistic management approach, such as Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM), is essential to prevent the loss of ecosystem services. The Guadalquivir estuary-Gulf of Cadiz (Ge-GoC) is an intricate SES that faces pressures from numerous sectoral activities, including fishing, agriculture, shipping, aquaculture, and mining. The cumulative effects of these pressures (such as juvenile exploitation, eutrophication, pollution, riverbank erosion, and the introduction of alien species) could potentially drive the SES toward an ecological regime shift and deplete current ecosystem services such as its nursery role. Although there is a good understanding of the Ge-GoC ecosystem dynamics, no efforts have been made to consider and incorporate the human dimension, which is essential for successful EBM implementation. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a tool from social sciences that characterizes the relationships among stakeholders within a given social setting. In an effort to frame the Ge-GoC social system, the first SNA was conducted, involving interviews with 55 stakeholders representing 11 sectors. The SNA identified key stakeholders from the government, fishing, shipping, surveillance, local city councils energy and NGO sectors due to their high centrality. While the shipping and energy sectors displayed significant influence in estuary management, they demonstrated limited interest and, in some cases, disagreement with the overall SES objectives, in contrast to the NGO and surveillance sectors. The primary management goals identified by stakeholders include reducing water pollution, controlling invasive species, combating drug trafficking, and addressing illegal fishing. However, the majority of stakeholders expressed reluctance regarding the goal of shipping optimization. The information extracted through SNA provides a valuable knowledge base for creating participatory processes that can guide complex SES toward EBM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahdi Taraghi , Landon Yoder , Eduardo S. Brondizio , Ali K. Ghorbanpour , Hojjat Mianabadi , Behzad Hessari
{"title":"From abundance to aridity: The institutional drivers behind Lake Urmia's decline","authors":"Mahdi Taraghi , Landon Yoder , Eduardo S. Brondizio , Ali K. Ghorbanpour , Hojjat Mianabadi , Behzad Hessari","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lake Urmia, once the largest saltwater lake in West Asia, has experienced severe desiccation over recent decades, raising significant environmental and socio-economic concerns. This study investigates the institutional factors driving the lake's decline by applying the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to Iran's Five-Year Development Programs (FYDPs) from 1989 to 2021. Our qualitative analysis indicates that extensive dam construction, driven by a hydraulic mission paradigm, and agricultural policies prioritizing national food self-sufficiency have been the primary contributors to Lake Urmia's decline. A lack of coherence within development programs remains a critical issue. Although recent FYDPs incorporated water conservation objectives, they consistently prioritized agricultural self-sufficiency, contributing to the continued expansion of agriculture in the Lake Urmia Basin. By the end of the sixth FYDP, the lake's water level had fallen 3.42 m below its ecological threshold. The study highlights the lock-in effects of agricultural policies established by FYDPs, which constrain policy shifts toward sustainable approaches. Given the failure of top-down policies to restore Lake Urmia, this study advocates for re-evaluating national development plans and engaging local stakeholders in the development of environmental and water policies to foster long-term ecological sustainability and socio-economic resilience in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fredy D. Polo-Villanueva , Pradip Kumar Sarker , Lukas Giessen , Sarah Lilian Burns
{"title":"How do international donors influence regional environmental governance? The case of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty","authors":"Fredy D. Polo-Villanueva , Pradip Kumar Sarker , Lukas Giessen , Sarah Lilian Burns","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has shown that international donors can significantly influence national and international environmental governance. However, their influence at the regional level has not yet been sufficiently explored. This study aims to examine the influence of international donors on regional environmental governance agreements, taking the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT) as a case study. Using a documentary analysis covering four decades, reviews of academic literature and media articles, and interviews with key informants, this study traces the influence of donors through three distinct stages: protectionism, formalisation and policy customisation. In the first stage, the limited influence of international donors did not translate into significant changes in the initially low degree of formalisation of the agreement. In the second stage, the moderate to high influence of international donors led member states to enhance the degree of formalisation of the ACT and to adopt for the first time a weak forest-related policy in the search to increase its capacities to attract and manage external funds. In the third stage, the still high influence of international donors increased the strength of the newly adopted forest-focused policy of the ACT to moderate. We conclude that international donors can influence regional environmental governance arrangements by increasing their degree of formalisation and the strength of their (forest) policies; as well as by customising their policies to they their interests rather than those of the arrangements’ member states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyu Wang , Linxiang Lyu , Guohe Huang , Boyang Hu , Chunjiang An
{"title":"Life cycle-based environmental, social, and economic assessment of waste printed circuit board management in isolated island areas: A case study in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Ziyu Wang , Linxiang Lyu , Guohe Huang , Boyang Hu , Chunjiang An","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid increase in the use of electronic equipment has led to a significant rise in waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), which can pose severe environmental risks if not properly managed. This study evaluates the environmental, social, and economic performances of four WPCB management scenarios for island communities, using a comprehensive framework that combines Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). When constructing the scenarios, scenario 1 considered the mechanical separation of WPCBs with subsequent recycling of the metallic fractions and direct landfilling of the non-metallic fractions. In scenario 2, compared to scenario 1, the non-metallic fractions are incinerated before landfilling. Scenarios 3 and 4 involve the direct incineration and direct landfilling of the entire WPCBs, respectively. The results indicate that scenario 1 is the most favorable option. It yields the highest positive environmental (−4720 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. per tonne of WPCBs) and social (−30,679 ELU per tonne of WPCBs) impact while remaining economically viable. In contrast, scenario 3 exhibits the most significant negative impacts across all subcategories, and one-tonne WPCBs can contribute 2750 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. and 729 ELU in environmental and social perspectives in this case, respectively. The study emphasizes the importance of metal recovery processes in achieving sustainable WPCB management and provides critical insights for policymakers and waste management professionals in isolated island areas. This framework offers a robust tool for optimizing WPCB disposal systems, balancing the trade-offs between environmental sustainability, social impacts, and economic costs, and guiding future practices and policies in e-waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles Baah , Muhammad A. Saleem , Steven Greenland , Emmanuel S. Tenakwah , Debajyoti Chakrabarty
{"title":"Place attachment and residential water conservation: Application of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour in Australia's Northern Territory","authors":"Charles Baah , Muhammad A. Saleem , Steven Greenland , Emmanuel S. Tenakwah , Debajyoti Chakrabarty","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the drivers of residential water conservation is crucial amid rising climate change, drought, and water shortage concerns. While the literature suggests that environmental psychology can help identify the factors influencing water-saving behaviour, the critical role of place attachment in water conservation decision-making remains underexplored. Previous research has primarily focused on identifying key determinants through statistical significance and correlations, yet there is still limited understanding of the extent to which these determinants are necessary conditions for achieving water conservation. Thus, this study draws on necessity and sufficiency logic to investigate place attachment as a critical antecedent to an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict residential water conservation intention and behaviour. By integrating partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) to analyse 346 responses from residents in the Northern Territory of Australia (NT), this study identifies the sufficient and necessary conditions that need to exist for residential water conservation intentions and behaviours to occur. The PLS-SEM results show that place attachment does not significantly predict water conservation intentions or behaviours, rather it influences attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. While attitude, injunctive norm, response efficacy, and self-efficacy were significant predictors of intention, descriptive norm was not. Further, intention and self-efficacy were also significant predictors of water conservation behaviour. The NCA results revealed that place attachment, attitude, self-efficacy, and response cost were necessary conditions for water conservation intention, while place attachment, self-efficacy, and intention were necessary conditions for achieving water conservation behaviours. Overall, the implications of this study for theory and practice are proposed to guide scholars, policymakers, and water authorities in enhancing residential water conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods for monitoring carbon emissions from ships: A practical perspective","authors":"Xin Shi , Qing Xi , Zekun Zhang , Zhiyuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring carbon emissions from ships is crucial as part of the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) greenhouse gas emissions reduction action. The present study compared four methods for carbon emissions monitoring. A comprehensive analytical framework was established, and differences between direct measurements, ship-operational-data-based estimates, noon-report-based estimates, and automatic-identification-system (AIS)-based estimates were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The four methods generally produce consistent results, albeit with moderate differences. (2) No method is clearly superior to the others, and each has its relative merits in some scenarios. (3) To ensure compliance with IMO regulations, current approaches to monitoring emissions from fuel consumption should continue to be used, and noon-report data should be supplemented by operational data collected from automated information systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling city dwellers’ perceptions on the ecosystem services supplied by urban green spaces in Malaysia: A logistic regression analysis","authors":"Tan How Ying , Abu SMG. Kibria , Tapan Kumar Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are limited studies in Malaysia that document the ecosystem services (ESs) of urban green spaces (UGSs). In this paper, we assessed urban Malaysians’ perceptions of ESs provided by UGSs and how their perceptions were influenced by socio-demographic factors. Data on 12 ESs was collected from 645 respondents through an online survey across Malaysia. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Respondents had high positive perceptions of ESs, and their perceptions of several ESs would likely increase significantly as they grew older. Respondents with non-tertiary and non-environmental tertiary education reported significantly lower perceptions of a few ESs. Infrequent visits to UGSs and living more than 5 km away from UGSs resulted in significantly lower perceptions of some ESs. Suggestions are made to incorporate ESs-related content in the curriculum, establish pocket parks, and involve resident groups in conservation, which can ensure the sustainability of UGSs and assist the Malaysian government in achieving the goals of the National Landscape Policy, the National Urbanization Policy, and sustainable development goals. The governments of developing countries can use the findings of this research to undertake proactive actions towards conservation and expansion of UGSs for healthier and liveable cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54269,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Development","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}