Joined-up governance and sustainable finance for inclusive ridge-to-reef conservation in Southwest Papua, Indonesia

Abstract

Sustainable development aims to reconcile the complex, often competing goals of ecosystem preservation, socio-economic development, and resource management. This article presents insights from Southwest Papua province, Indonesia, home to globally significant terrestrial and marine ecosystems that are critical for biodiversity, carbon storage, and the livelihoods of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs). Increasing exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation and socio-economic inequities pose serious challenges to sustainable development in this region. The study focuses on integrating Ridge to Reef (R2R) governance frameworks and sustainable finance mechanisms to address the dual challenges of biodiversity loss and socio-economic disparities. Specifically, we investigate how ‘joined-up government’ and innovative financial strategies can support sustainable and inclusive management of Southwest Papua's interconnected ecosystems. The study examines governance gaps and sustainable financing approaches to propose an institutional model for integrated R2R management. Using a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory workshops, we developed a proposed governance framework and financing strategies tailored to Southwest Papua's unique ecological and cultural contexts. This research highlights the need to establish the Ridge to Reef Collaboration Agency (R2R-CA) as an entry point to strengthen capabilities and resources. This institution can also open up opportunities to build innovative R2R financing models. It suggests that a blended finance model, where public sector results-based payment schemes help de-risk private capital, can significantly enhance holistic R2R conservation while promoting more equitable resource sharing. Findings emphasize the importance of inclusive governance structures, such as the proposed R2R-CA, to bridge sectoral divides, foster community participation, and empower local perspectives in decision-making.