Global Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of dams and fish passage facilities on the longitudinal movement of Coreius guichenoti in the Jinsha River Basin","authors":"Yingjun Yu,&nbsp;Jianbo Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of hydropower dams has provided energy, water management, and flood control, yet it has also presented considerable ecological challenges. In the Jinsha River Basin, the construction of hydropower dams has disrupted the longitudinal movement of <em>Coreius guichenoti</em>. This study employs the Dendritic Connectivity Index for Potadromous (DCI_P) to evaluate the impact of dams on the connectivity of this species and to investigate the potential for enhancing connectivity through fish passage facilities under scenarios of high and limited efficiency. The results demonstrate a notable decline in DCI_P scores between January 1990 and January 2024, with a reduction from 100 to 11.52 (high efficiency) and 9.68 (limited efficiency). In the future, scores are expected to improve slightly to 13.21 (high efficiency) and 9.7 (limited efficiency), as all dams and upstream facilities are completed. Furthermore, incorporating a single upstream or downstream facility can enhance connectivity, albeit to a limited extent. For the three plans of adding bidirectional facilities at all dams, scores could reach 100 under high efficiency, but they only reached 12.83 under limited efficiency. In both scenarios, the highest DCI_P score improvements in Phase I of Plans 1 and 2, which added only one type of facility (either upstream or downstream), were lower than in Plan 3 (an equal number of facilities), which added both types simultaneously. The study emphasizes the importance of constructing efficient bidirectional fish passage facilities to ensure the effective longitudinal movement of <em>Coreius guichenoti</em>. The results are related to mitigating the negative impacts of dams on connectivity and can provide a reference for species conservation and river health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial ponds do not support the natural functional and taxonomic composition of alpine dragon- and damselfly communities","authors":"Felix Puff ,&nbsp;Christian H. Schulze ,&nbsp;Roberto Novella-Fernandez ,&nbsp;Andreas Hilpold ,&nbsp;Stefan Pinkert ,&nbsp;Elia Guariento","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpine regions host diverse habitats and rich biodiversity. Yet, aquatic environments, crucial for many threatened alpine species, are underrepresented in conservation throughout the Alps. Among many factors, anthropogenization impacts alpine aquatic ecosystems. While anthropogenic ponds are proposed for biodiversity support, their suitability for the natural alpine freshwater biota remains unclear. Dragonflies and damselflies, with their ectothermic physiology and semi-aquatic life cycle, are greatly constrained by both temperature and habitat features, thus potentially facing additive constraints in alpine artificial waters. This study investigated Odonata communities in artificial and natural water bodies at 41 different elevations, analyzing abundance, diversity and traits associated with thermoregulation (body size and color lightness), life history (voltinism) and habitat preference (thermophily and habitat breadth). Temperature differently affected traits related to thermoregulation in dragonfly and damselfly communities, with an increase in body size and decrease in color lightness along decreasing temperature (i.e. increasing elevation) in dragonflies and an increase in color lightness in damselflies. Concurringly, damselfly abundances strongly decreased towards cold temperatures. In both suborders thermophily and habitat breadth decreased with decreasing temperature, but these trends were less pronounced in anthropogenic sites. Trait variation of dragonflies follows trends predicted by thermal melanism and Bergmann’s rule, while the absence of such trends in damselflies suggest limited thermoregulatory potential. The additive constraints of temperature and anthropogenic disturbance in alpine anthropogenic sites prevent alpine species to utilize such water bodies and challenges their potential for nature conservation in the face of global warming and biodiversity decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary adaptations and nutritional shift of Alpine musk deer in Helan mountains, north China","authors":"Zhi-Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yun Su ,&nbsp;Bao-Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Meng ,&nbsp;Kuo-Cheng Lv ,&nbsp;Yang Lu ,&nbsp;Meng-Qi Ding ,&nbsp;Li-Wei Teng ,&nbsp;Zhen-Sheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Alpine musk deer (<em>Moschus chrysogaster</em>), an endangered species with fewer than 200 individuals in fragmented habitats of the Helan mountains, faces pronounced seasonal resource fluctuations. This study investigates seasonal shifts in diet composition, nutrient intake, and tolerance to secondary plant metabolites via fecal microhistological and feed proximate analyses conducted from 2014 to 2016. In summer, the diet included 31 plant species, dominated by mosses (18.15 %), <em>Prunus sibirica</em> (11.32 %), and <em>Salix</em> spp. (10.94 %), whereas winter diets of 30 species shifted toward woody and herbaceous plants such as <em>Lonicera edulis</em> (13.68 %) and <em>Astragalus chingianus</em> (11.33 %), with complete exclusion of mosses. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the Water (W) and Crude ash (CA) content, with higher levels recorded in summer. The relative density of food intake was significantly positively correlated with CA in summer and with Ether extract (EE) in winter. Response surface models revealed specific seasonal foraging patterns: in winter, musk deer prefer high-energy and high-protein foods, with tolerance to higher tannin level, while in summer, they favor low-protein and high-tannin foods, irrespective of energy content. These findings highlight the adaptive capacity of Alpine musk deer to cope with seasonal resource fluctuations in Helan mountains, contributing to their survival and reproductive success, and thus inform conservation strategies that emphasize habitat connectivity and protection of critical foraging areas to ensure long-term viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for science in touristic shark feeding aggregations – A review","authors":"Jan Bierwirth ,&nbsp;Thomas Vignaud ,&nbsp;Clémentine Séguigne ,&nbsp;Eric Clua","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shark tourism has been rising exponentially over the past decades. This is particularly true for dive operators that make use of artificial provisioning to attract the animals, increasing the likelihood of encounters for participants. However, this practice is often deemed controversial as previous research has pointed out positive as well as negative consequences of such activities which are often highly case-dependent. In this review, we investigate to which extent these anthropogenic-based activities have contributed to different disciplines within shark related science and discuss its potential future role. We demonstrate its scientific contribution especially in the fields of behavior and social dynamics of large shark species, which are usually elusive and difficult to access in the wild. Additionally, touristic shark feeding sites have benefitted the application and testing of novel methods and technologies. Recent research direction shows that one of the greatest benefits might be the regular access to the same individuals over time, allowing a shift from population-based towards individual-based research. This will advance our understanding of inter- and intra-individual differences and its underlying principles as we will be able to dive deeper into shark personalities, social interactions and their mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waterbird diversity and spatial distribution across China: Patterns and conservation strategies","authors":"Lu Yang,&nbsp;Ping-An Liu,&nbsp;Rong-Xing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding regional patterns of waterbird distribution and community assembly is crucial for effective conservation in China. However, comprehensive nationwide analyses of waterbird spatial distribution remain limited. Elucidating these patterns and underlying mechanisms and developing corresponding conservation strategies is imperative. We compiled waterbird data from citizen science reports and publications (2000–2022) to investigate the spatial distribution and community assembly of the waterbirds across China, proposing region- and season-specific conservation recommendations. Our analysis of 243 recorded waterbird species revealed a distinct north–south distribution pattern centered on approximately 35° latitude. Southern regions predominantly hosted resident and wintering species, whereas northern regions were dominated by summer visitors and migrants. This pattern persisted for both total and threatened/protected species. Community composition varied substantially across lake zones, likely influenced by temperature and migratory status. Resident and wintering communities displayed high compositional similarity across most lake zones, except in the Northeast Plain and Mountain Lake Zone, whereas breeding and migratory communities exhibited a more pronounced east–west differentiation. The assembly of waterbird communities is scale-dependent and varies with migratory status, with environmental filtering and neutral processes dominating at the gamma and beta scales, respectively. The findings of this study highlight the need for spatially and temporally tailored national conservation strategies that prioritize habitat protection and mitigation of climate change and human impacts. Locally, efforts should focus on enhancing habitat connectivity via ecological corridors to support waterbird dispersal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the landscape of livestock depredation: local perceptions as an indicator of conflict severity in north-western Bhutan","authors":"Karma Sherub ,&nbsp;Tashi Dhendup ,&nbsp;Camille Albouy ,&nbsp;Loïc Pellissier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conflict between humans and wild animals accelerates the decline of biodiversity worldwide. The livelihoods of local communities who depend on livestock are threatened when their livestock are killed, often leading to retaliation killing and endangering wild species. Documenting where people experience the greatest threat of predation of their livestock can support the development of policies and management practices for preserving wild species and securing people’s livelihoods. Here, we used spatial modelling to map the perception of local people using interviews in and near Jigme Dorji National Park, in north-western Bhutan, and to identify the areas where they experience the highest severity of conflict from predation of their livestock. We found that the severity of conflict was more pronounced in highland than in lowland communities. As highlanders are semi-nomadic and livestock plays a crucial role in their livelihood, the results raise concerns about the coexistence of alpine rural communities and wildlife. Further, by integrating spatially explicit models of conflict severity (derived from local perceptions) with carnivore occupancy probabilities (data from camera trapping), we identified distinct spatial patterns of potential conflict-risk areas among carnivore species. The snow leopard (<em>Panthera uncia</em>) was associated with high potential conflict risk in most highland areas, the royal Bengal tiger (<em>Panthera tigris tigris</em>) in the southern region, and the wild dog (<em>Cuon alpinus</em>) and the Himalayan black bear (<em>Ursus thibetanus laniger</em>) primarily in the central region. Our mapping approach can support more focused conservation interventions, fostering peaceful coexistence between local communities and wild species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate community along the elevation gradient and in different seasons in the upper Jinsha River (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)","authors":"Fubin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Tang ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Lin ,&nbsp;Kunyu Shang ,&nbsp;Yu Han ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Chunling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive insights into the elevational gradients, seasonal shifts in biological communities, and their underlying drivers are critical for crafting effective conservation and management plans for these aquatic environments. However, studies on the impact of elevational patterns and seasonal changes on macroinvertebrate diversity in plateau regions remain insufficient. In this study, we investigated the distribution of macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the upper Jinsha River, southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the upper Jinsha River basin, 166 taxa of macroinvertebrate were identified, encompassing 3 phyla, 5 classes, and 46 families. The average abundance was 132.5 ± 110.7 ind./m² during the rainy season and significantly increased to 595.3 ± 559.0 ind./m² during the dry season. Generalized linear models (GLM) revealed that the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices increased with elevation in both the wet and dry seasons. Conversely, functional richness and Rao's quadratic entropy exhibited a negative correlation with elevation. Redundancy analysis revealed that water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and salinity were the predominant environmental parameters shaping the composition of macroinvertebrate communities. Moreover, utilizing the generalized additive model (GAM), we discerned that water temperature and electrical conductivity significantly influence the functional diversity of macroinvertebrates. Our study demonstrated that seasonal variation drives functional diversity via fluctuations in water temperature and conductivity and elevational gradients influence functional diversity through resource constraints. These findings suggest the necessity for conservation strategies that reducing external disturbances in the aquatic habitats of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient introgression shapes the evolutionary history of a California Channel Island relictual species, island oak (Quercus tomentella)","authors":"Ryan Buck ,&nbsp;Alayna Mead ,&nbsp;Sorel Fitz-Gibbon ,&nbsp;John Knapp ,&nbsp;Victoria L. Sork","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybridization, a common phenomenon among plants, can result in the exchange of neutral or beneficial genetic loci, potentially leading to adaptive introgression. It is often difficult to know whether the genetic composition of contemporary species is the result of recent hybridization or reflects ancient introgression, but examination of a species long separated from a congener provides the opportunity to study ancient introgression. Here, we investigate the rare and endangered island oak <em>(Quercus tomentella</em>) that is relictual on the California Channel Islands but was once sympatric with canyon live oak <em>(Q. chrysolepis)</em> on the mainland. Recent studies have shown that contemporary populations of island oak include many individuals with essentially 50 % shared co-ancestry between the two species, but very few individuals of non-admixed canyon live oak on any island. The goal of this study is to assess the extent to which the genetic composition of island oak reflects ancient introgression with canyon live oak when they were sympatric on the mainland at least 2.6–7 million years ago. We used evolutionary demographic models that identify the presence and timing of bottleneck events and the extent and timing of ancient introgression between island oak and canyon live oak. Bidirectional gene flow was found throughout their evolutionary history, suggesting that hybridization is not a recent development and may have introduced adaptive alleles into ancient populations that still persist today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards implementing workflows for essential biodiversity variables at a European scale","authors":"Maria Lumbierres ,&nbsp;Marija Milanović ,&nbsp;Pedro Beja ,&nbsp;Aletta Bonn ,&nbsp;Tom D. Breeze ,&nbsp;Lluís Brotons ,&nbsp;Néstor Fernández ,&nbsp;Jessica Junker ,&nbsp;Camino Liquete ,&nbsp;Anne Lyche Solheim ,&nbsp;Alejandra Morán Ordóñez ,&nbsp;Francisco Moreira ,&nbsp;Joana Santana ,&nbsp;Stacy Shinneman ,&nbsp;Bruno Smets ,&nbsp;Henrique M. Pereira ,&nbsp;Jose W. Valdez ,&nbsp;Roy H.A. van Grunsven ,&nbsp;W. Daniel Kissling","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity is declining, prompting new multilateral treaties and environmental legislation. To track the progress of these efforts, a comprehensive monitoring network is essential. For the European Union (EU), the EuropaBON network has proposed a biodiversity observation network (BON) based on 84 Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs). These encompass species and habitats in the freshwater, marine, and terrestrial realms. Generating EBVs will require implementing workflows, including data collection, integration, and modelling. Here, we present the first conceptual representation of EBV workflows for guiding the future implementation of EBVs in a European BON based on insights from an EU-wide stakeholder consultation that engaged hundreds of experts in science, policy, and practice. Results suggest that implementing EBV workflows requires to incorporate advanced monitoring methods, enhance geographic, taxonomic, and temporal coverage, harmonize heterogeneous data, apply metadata standards, and develop new spatial models and quantitative indicators. Recommendations include enhancing monitoring techniques such as digital sensors, DNA-based methods and citizen science for species-focused EBVs, as well as satellite and aerial remote sensing for ecosystem-focused EBVs. For operationalizing a European BON, species-focused EBVs require better national, regional, and European data integration of different data types and data providers. In contrast, monitoring of ecosystem-focused EBVs would benefit from a centralized coordination of ground truth data collection and new Earth Observation products. The key components of the EBV workflows, along with the requirements and implementation needs identified here, together with emerging tools and projects, will help to shape the future implementation of EBV workflows at a European scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of predator exposure and anthropogenic stressors on insect emergence in stream ecosystems","authors":"Anna-Maria Vermiert ,&nbsp;Iris Madge Pimentel ,&nbsp;Philipp M. Rehsen ,&nbsp;Jonathan Meisner ,&nbsp;Alexandra N. Hollstein ,&nbsp;Martin Horstmann ,&nbsp;Arne J. Beermann ,&nbsp;Florian Leese ,&nbsp;Linda C. Weiss ,&nbsp;Ralph Tollrian","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emergence of aquatic insects is a vital ecological process influencing aquatic ecosystems. Predators can modify this process by inducing behavioural and developmental changes in prey species. However, these natural biotic interactions are increasingly disrupted by anthropogenic changes. Anthropogenic stressors, like freshwater salinisation and warming, pose a significant threat to lotic ecosystems worldwide, with effects that may persist even after the stressors are removed. Our study investigated the effects of fish predator exposure (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em> and <em>Cottus rhenanus</em>), increased salinity (ambient vs +136 mg/L NaCl) and increased temperature (ambient vs +3.4 °C) on insect emergence in a controlled stream mesocosm experiment (<em>ExStream</em> system). We monitored the number and size of emerging insects over a 14-day stressor and recovery phase. Predator exposure and elevated salinity reduced the number of emerging insects and resulted in smaller Nematocera emerging. Increased temperature led to reduced body sizes of emerging Nematocera and increased the number of emerging individuals when interacting with increased salinity, predator exposure or both. Notably, the effects of predator exposure were diminished under increased salinity and temperature, although salinity alone reduced the impact on insect size. The stressors did not cause any lasting effect on insect emergence during the recovery phase, except tendentially the size. Our findings highlight that anthropogenic stressors can alter insect emergence and reduce the impact of fish predation, with the magnitude of these effects likely dependent on the intensity and duration of the stressor input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}