Global Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"A conservation priority index to rank fish species within IUCN Red List categories: A case study of marine fishes from Réunion Island","authors":"Clara Laugier ,&nbsp;David Roos ,&nbsp;Patricia Belloeil ,&nbsp;Kélig Mahé ,&nbsp;Amélie Nithard ,&nbsp;Tévamie Rungassamy ,&nbsp;Dominique Pelletier ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Tessier ,&nbsp;Isaac Trindade-Santos ,&nbsp;Marianne Robert ,&nbsp;Fabien Leprieur ,&nbsp;Matthew McLean ,&nbsp;Camille Albouy ,&nbsp;Arnaud Auber","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the IUCN Red List is a crucial tool for assessing the extinction risk of species, further ranking species within each IUCN category is needed to refine conservation priorities. In practice, managers and policy makers often require to prioritize species according to IUCN categories, and subsequently rank them within these categories. The current IUCN classification system relies on quantitative criteria related to population dynamics such as population size, rate of decline, and geographic range, without considering the functional or evolutionary distinctiveness of species, nor directly accounting for their vulnerability to individual anthropogenic pressures like climate change or fishing. These pressures may instead be considered indirectly through the criteria used, which often reflect the combined effects of multiple, interrelated human-induced threats. Here, we developed an index to quantify the conservation priority of fish species with the same IUCN status by combining five criteria: functional distinctiveness, evolutionary distinctiveness, abundance scarcity, vulnerability to climate change, and vulnerability to fishing. This framework enables managers to customize priorities by assigning varying levels of importance to each criteria, offering a flexible tool for refining conservation plans. To demonstrate its applicability, we tested this framework on the marine fish community of Réunion Island, an area with a significant number of species classified as ‘vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List. Finally, we discuss how this framework, formalized into an index, could substantially enhance fish species conservation and contribute to the long-term sustainability of ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of natural vegetation in shaping bee diversity, functional space, and species turnover across agricultural landscapes","authors":"Florencia Vicencio-Olivares ,&nbsp;Manuel López-Aliste ,&nbsp;Pablo Díaz-Siefer ,&nbsp;Ingrid N. Gomes ,&nbsp;Christian Jofré-Pérez ,&nbsp;Luis Flores-Prado ,&nbsp;Juan L. Celis-Diez ,&nbsp;Francisco E. Fontúrbel","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural expansion contributes to the degradation and fragmentation of natural ecosystems, resulting in the decline of wild pollinators, particularly bees. However, sustainable practices, such as preserving patches of native vegetation around crops, can help enhance pollinator diversity. Based on the ecological intensification framework, we investigated how the conservation of natural vegetation areas near apple and cherry orchards influences the composition, functional space, and turnover of bee species within the studied communities in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem of central Chile. We found a dominance of generalist bees in apple and sweet cherry orchards, and a greater taxonomic richness in crops surrounded by a higher proportion of natural vegetation. However, the functional space and species turnover in the crops during the analyzed years were low, likely due to environmental filters imposed by monoculture practices and the dominance of bee communities consisting mostly of generalist species. These findings highlight the critical role of surrounding natural vegetation areas in supporting bee functional diversity and taxonomic richness. Despite functional diversity and species turnover being low due to monoculture constraints, preserving natural habitats is essential for a more diverse community of bees. This study sheds light on how wild bee communities respond to agricultural landscapes and highlights the role of conserving natural areas in mitigating the impacts of agricultural intensification on pollinators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the ecological network dynamics associated with ecological restoration projects: A case study in Southwest China","authors":"Jingyang Fan ,&nbsp;Shiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Wanting Wang ,&nbsp;Yetong Li ,&nbsp;Yifei Zhao ,&nbsp;Gang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological restoration projects have played an important role in curbing current ecological degradation trends, restoring ecological networks, and ensuring regional ecological security. In China, numerous large-scale and high-investment projects have been implemented, emphasizing the concepts of system protection and integrative restoration. However, in the context of ecological restoration at a large scale, how ecological restoration improves the effectiveness of the ecological network is still unclear. To address this issue, we selected the Liuchong River Basin in a typical karst region of Southwest China to assess the ecological network change associated with ecological restoration projects during the period 2016–2018. The Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) model was applied to identify the ecological sources, the Linkage Mapper tool was used to construct an ecological network, and changes in key features of the ecological network were further quantified. The results showed that there were 32, 26, and 38 ecological source points identified in 2010, 2015, and 2020, respectively. While ecological resistance values remained relatively stable, the number and length of ecological corridors increased significantly, particularly under the influence of the River Channel Regulation Project (RCRP) and the Water Source Restoration Project (WSRP). The α, β, and γ indices increased by 15.31 %, 11.18 %, and 8.33 %, respectively, indicating improved network circuitry, structural accessibility, and node connectivity. These enhancements suggest a shift toward a more integrated and resilient ecological network. Our results suggest that ecological restoration can promote the integrity of ecological networks and has a positive effect on system protection and integrative restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating space, time, and prey: How wild and domestic carnivores co-exist in natural ecosystems","authors":"Hua Zhong ,&nbsp;Fengjiao Li ,&nbsp;Luciano Atzeni ,&nbsp;Yixuan Liu ,&nbsp;Ruifen Wang ,&nbsp;Abduzaire Alemiti ,&nbsp;Koderhan Bayakan ,&nbsp;Kun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As human activities increasingly encroach into natural ecosystems, it is critical to understand how carnivores coexist with anthropogenic disturbances, for example, the domestic dog (<em>Canis lupus familiaris</em>), which roams freely in natural habitats and represents a global conservation concern. Few studies have employed multi-faceted approaches to address this issue, limiting our understanding of carnivore coexistence mechanisms. We focused on the carnivores in the Tianshan Mountains of Central Asia to describe their multi-niche coexistence patterns, integrating dietary metabarcoding, multispecies occupancy modeling and temporal activity analysis. We found that snow leopards (<em>Panthera uncia</em>) and wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) showed high dietary, spatial, and temporal overlap, sharing preferences for ibex (<em>Capra sibirica</em>) and avoiding elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>). Dietary analysis revealed that domestic dogs shared prey preferences and exhibited high dietary overlap with both snow leopards and wolves. These results indicate that dogs may compete with both apex predators for resources, particularly wolves due to their high spatio-temporal overlap. The red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) had lower dietary overlap with other carnivores due to lower reliance on large mammals, which were likely obtained through scavenging. This scavenging behavior was further supported by its tendency to spatially co-occur with large carnivores, especially snow leopards. Given its varied temporal overlaps with large carnivores, we demonstrated that its coexistence with them is facilitated by flexible resource use and temporal adaptations, rather than spatial segregation. These findings reveal carnivore coexistence despite disturbance from free-roaming dogs and underscore the need to enhance dog management for promoting human-wildlife coexistence in natural ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spring drought delayed the stem growth resumption of four broadleaf species in a subtropical forest of China","authors":"Jing Jiang ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Haiyong Wei ,&nbsp;Jinli Tang ,&nbsp;Shaowei Jiang ,&nbsp;Biyun Yu ,&nbsp;Hongxin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adverse effects of frequent extreme drought events on forest growth have been widely reported. Previous studies primarily focused on boreal forests and temperate forests. However, it is unclear how drought affects the cambium phenology and growth rate of trees, particularly subtropical broadleaf trees. Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) models based on tree-ring chronologies were used to simulate cambium phenology data of 4 tree species (<em>Liquidambar formosana, Camphora bodinieri, Choerospondias axillaris, and Machilus nanmu</em>) from 1984 to 2017, and the response of cambium phenology and growth rate to spring drought was studied. The study found no significant changes in cambium phenology and growth rate between 1984 and 2017. Stem recovery was significantly delayed in all species 1–2 years after drought. Only the cumulative growth rate of <em>C. axillaris</em> decreased significantly in the drought year, and drought had no carryover effect on the cumulative growth rate of all tree species. This consistency was primarily due to the higher resistance and recovery. Although individual spring drought events have a delayed effect on cambium phenology, high resilience ensures that all tree species return to pre-drought levels within 2 years after the drought. This study provides an indispensable scientific benchmark for the adaptive management of global subtropical forests, holding profound significance for sustaining the Earth's critical ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating LiDAR and ecological metrics to quantify habitat suitability for the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)","authors":"Monique Lush ,&nbsp;Gilad Bino ,&nbsp;Tahneal Hawke ,&nbsp;Adrian Fisher ,&nbsp;Sarah May","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding habitat selection and population dynamics is critical for the conservation of the platypus (<em>Ornithorhynchus anatinus</em>), a freshwater species endemic to eastern Australia. This study integrated LiDAR-based habitat modelling, radio-tracking, and ecological assessments to examine habitat suitability and social interactions within a semi-wild platypus population in Tidbinbilla Sanctuary, Australian Capital Territory. Live trapping and radio-tracking of 15 individuals documented movements, burrow use, and foraging behaviours, while high-resolution LiDAR data characterised riparian habitat features. The study revealed a high population density of 6.7 platypuses per hectare, with 21 confirmed individuals occupying the Sanctuary’s waterbodies. Over 32 days of tracking, 31 burrows were identified, with individuals using between one and seven burrows, including six shared burrows, one of which housed five individuals concurrently. Burrow-sharing rates were substantially higher than previously reported. Spatial use was clustered into two distinct hotspots, which could not be fully explained by connectivity or prey availability. Instead, central regions were disproportionately favoured, suggesting that resource-independent factors, such as regional centrality and burrow complexity, influenced habitat selection. LiDAR-based habitat suitability models achieved 85 % accuracy in predicting burrow locations, with elevation and foliage projective cover identified as key predictors. Neither food nor burrow availability significantly influenced habitat selection, indicating both were sufficiently abundant. Instead, factors such as regional centrality emerged as key drivers of habitat use. These findings highlight the applicability of LiDAR-based methodologies for assessing habitat suitability in riparian ecosystems and provide a scalable approach for freshwater biodiversity conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of negative human-elephant interactions in Wayanad district, Kerala, India","authors":"Jacqueline Morrison ,&nbsp;Mayukh Chatterjee ,&nbsp;K. Ramkumar ,&nbsp;Sandeep Tiwari ,&nbsp;Susan. L. Walker ,&nbsp;Scott Wilson ,&nbsp;Alexandra Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative human-elephant interactions (HEI) present a significant threat to the long-term conservation of Asian elephant populations and negatively impact the psychological well-being of local communities. The Brahmagiri-Nilgiri Eastern Ghats complex in Kerala is a key landscape for Asian elephant conservation and supports the largest single breeding population across their range. However, negative encounters between people and elephants are increasing in frequency and have become a prominent cause for concern. Despite this, the use of predictive distribution models to map the spatio-temporal patterns of human-elephant interactions across the landscape remains poorly explored. Compiling 1942 individual conflict incidents from compensation records, we dynamically extracted 16 ecological and anthropogenic variables identified in the literature as important drivers of interactions between people and Asian elephants. Using an ensemble modelling framework incorporating 10 algorithms, we constructed predictive distribution models for the wet and dry seasons from 2011 to 2023 to map the spatiotemporal distribution of regions at consistent risk of negative human-elephant interactions. Final consensus models achieved a mean accuracy of 0.91 (AUC) and 0.73 (TSS) respectively and suggested that the top predictor in influencing interactions is human population density. Regions within and adjacent to the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuaries (I and II) have the highest predicted likelihood of interactions, however risk-level differs according to season. During the dry season, areas including Kidanganad, Nulpuzha, and Pulpalli, within the Kurichiat, Muthanga, and Sulthan Battery Forest ranges, were identified as having the largest land area at risk. Conversely during the wet season, the Tirunelli and Trisshaleri areas in the Tholpetty forest range demonstrated the highest risk. Results provide valuable insights to inform effective mitigation strategies at the landscape-level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife crimes and the demographic characteristics of offenders in western Serengeti, Tanzania: A review of court cases 2012–2022","authors":"Juma J. Kegamba,&nbsp;Adolph A. Siga","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildlife crimes are significant global threat to conservation, reducing wildlife populations and threatening some species to extinction. In Tanzania, substantial efforts have been made by conservation law authorities and the government to combat these crimes by apprehending suspects and filing cases in various courts throughout the country. Understanding court decisions on wildlife cases filed can provide a broader understanding of how to enhance the current criminal investigations and prosecution system. We reviewed wildlife cases filed by conservation law authorities and registered at Serengeti District Court (SDC) for ten years from January 2012 to June 2022 to assess the wildlife crime charges, the court decisions on the cases filed, and the rudimentary demographic characteristics of the accused. We found that most cases resulted in custodial convictions or noncustodial fines. The average period of incarceration was 8 years, ranging from 6 months for illegal entry into the protected area to 30 years for possession of elephant tusks and rifles. Most court cases were filed during the dry season from June to October, and the general trend indicated a decline in cases filed from 2014 to 2022. Evidence tendered before the court indicated that wildebeest (<em>Connochaetes taurinus</em>) are the most poached species and wire snare entanglement was the most used technique to trap and catch ungulates. Furthermore, the evidence presented and the interview results indicate that poaching was not only a subsistence activity for bushmeat or economic gain, but also involved other ethnozoological aspects. Assessing the declining trend in wildlife cases and the efficacy of the new governmental antipoaching strategies and penalties will require further analysis of data from several different Tanzanian courts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal niche overlap and shifts: Implications for coexisting Larimichthys species in the East China Sea","authors":"Chenxin Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Jin ,&nbsp;Linlin Yang ,&nbsp;Zunlei Liu ,&nbsp;Jiahua Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>), a critically endangered marine fish of high economic value in China, suffered severe wild population declines in the 1980s due to overfishing and habitat degradation. Since 2000, habitat protection and large-scale restocking programs have sought to recover this ecologically important species. However, these efforts face ecological challenges, as <em>L. crocea</em> shares habitat and environmental preferences (temperature, salinity, depth) with its sister species, the small yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys polyactis</em>), raising concerns about interspecific competition. This study quantified their climatic niche overlap using principal component analysis and generalized boosting models, integrating occurrence records and key environmental variables (temperature, salinity, depth, mixed layer thickness) across seasons. Results revealed significant niche overlap, with Schoener’s D values ranging from 0.55 (summer) to 0.66 (winter), indicating heightened competition risks during overwintering periods. <em>L. polyactis</em> exhibited broader niche breadth and greater salinity adaptability, whereas <em>L. crocea</em> displayed niche conservatism, relying on stable coastal habitats (40–70 m depths). Seasonal drivers differed: mixed layer thickness shaped summer distributions, while temperature and sea surface height dominated winter patterns. Overlap zones (4.73 % of the study area) concentrated in Zhejiang’s coastal waters, coinciding with key fishing grounds. Vertical stratification and dietary differences likely reduced direct competition, but <em>L. crocea</em>’s narrow niche breadth increases its vulnerability to environmental change. This study advocates for spatially explicit management, including decreased seasonal fishing effort in high-overlap zones and prioritizing restocking in non-overlapping areas. These findings advance understanding of niche-mediated coexistence in marine ecosystems and provide science-based strategies to balance species recovery with sustainable fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of grass (Poaceae) species distribution and richness across India","authors":"Mukta Mande,&nbsp;Atul A. Joshi ,&nbsp;Harinandanan Paramjyothi ,&nbsp;Jayashree Ratnam,&nbsp;Mahesh Sankaran","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical grassy biomes (TGBs) cover a substantial portion of Earth’s land surface area and support a rich diversity of fauna and flora. Yet, despite their importance for biodiversity and human livelihoods, the TGBs of South Asia, including India, have historically been ecologically and economically undervalued, and as result, understudied. Here, we address this gap with the first subcontinental-scale analyses of grass species (Poaceae) richness and distribution across the Indian region. Using data on species occurrences collated from multiple regional floras, we describe the distribution of families, functional groups and species of Poaceae across this region, and their variation as a function of climate and geomorphology. India hosts &gt; 1100 grass species, comprising ∼10 % of global grass richness. Over half of these were perennial C₄ grasses, with Panicoideae being the most speciose subfamily in the country. Consistent with patterns observed globally, the PACMAD clade consisting of both C₃ and C₄ species was more speciose in warmer regions, while the C₃ subfamilies of the BEP clade, Pooideae and Bambusoideae, were more abundant in cooler regions of the country. Both total and C₄ species richness were greatest in warmer districts with high moisture availability, while cooler and wetter districts with low precipitation seasonality supported greater C₃ species richness. Our results spotlight previously unrecognized areas of high Poaceae richness in the arid and semi-arid areas of North-West India and the Deccan Peninsula in India, and call for conservation attention to neglected regions that are outside known biodiversity hotspots and protected areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}