Global Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Using global trade data to identify priorities for agarwood conservation and trade management","authors":"Kwok-wai Lai ,&nbsp;Huarong Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Yang,&nbsp;Stephan W. Gale","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global agarwood trade is a multibillion-dollar business, but little is known about its sustainability or conservation implications. We studied the trade using data in CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and customs records from 2010 to 2020. We find that the trade is based mainly on endangered species sourced from the wild, with most, though not all, species that are threatened by this trade being listed in CITES. Social network analysis identified Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia as key nodes of a global agarwood trade network. Through comparisons of trade data for five agarwood trade centers, we find that CITES and customs records are consistent for Hong Kong, India, Singapore and Thailand, but that large volumes of agarwood trade from Indonesia to Africa were undocumented in CITES. We recommend increased conservation efforts to better protect threatened agarwood species in the wild and highlight specific interventions to address the impacts of the key players in this trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The upper forest limit and the fate of bird assemblages in high-Andean páramo ecosystems in the Northern Andes","authors":"Jhon jairo Calderón Leyton ,&nbsp;Rubén Darío Palacio ,&nbsp;Raul Ernesto Sedano-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The altitudinal shift of the Upper Forest Limit is a key driver of expansion and contraction cycles in high Andean páramo ecosystems above the treeline. While this historical process is well understood, its effects on páramo fragmentation—and the subsequent impact on avian richness and composition—remain poorly documented. To address this gap, we analyzed long-term bird inventories (1988–2022) across 12 páramo units and evaluated the implications of continued fragmentation as the Upper Forest Limit rises beyond 3400 m above sea level. We framed our analysis within a historical model that reconstructs the most likely Upper Forest Limit shifts over the past 20000 years in the Nariño-Putumayo Páramo District of southwestern Colombia. Our findings suggest that the progressive contraction and fragmentation of páramo habitats—driven by Upper Forest Limit shifts—may significantly influence local bird assemblages, leading to shifts in species richness and composition. Smaller and more isolated páramo units in the Nariño-Putumayo Páramo District could develop avian communities shaped by nestedness patterns, possible species replacement, and local extirpation. Since the rise or fall of the Upper Forest Limit is directly driven by temperature changes, climate change will significantly impact the vulnerability of species dependent on the páramo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seabird moult timing and duration: Implications for at-sea threat exposure worldwide","authors":"Peter Allen ,&nbsp;Anne Peters,&nbsp;Zali Stiefel,&nbsp;Rohan H. Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tubenosed seabirds (order procellariforms) are the most threatened bird group. Threats generally act on two distinct elements of their life-history, either breeding at terrestrial colonies, or during the nonbreeding season while at sea foraging and migrating. Moult is often overlooked as another critical life-history component that can determine their vulnerability and exposure to threats at sea. Using 13,092 geo-referenced citizen-science photographs from publicly available and private collections, we scored primary feather moult for 6 gadfly petrel species (<em>Pterodroma</em> spp.) as a representative and understudied group of tubenosed seabirds. To investigate environmental conditions of areas where gadfly petrels moult, we quantified moult phenology for 1336 individuals. Moult activity overlapped with breeding and/or migration in all species, a surprising result, as these processes are temporally offset in many other birds. Sea surface temperature predicted moult activity in most species, with the probability of active moult being greater in areas with higher sea surface temperatures. Higher sea surface temperatures are associated with lower marine productivity, so gadfly petrels undergo moult in less productive waters than they occupy at other times. This possibly reflects avoidance of adverse conditions that disproportionately affect gadfly petrels with compromised plumage. Our findings indicate that moult is important for understanding tubenosed seabird distributions, and affects exposure to substantial threats. Knowledge of how moult informs threat exposure can refine best-practice in conservation planning for seabirds, by informing key management tools such as designating marine protected areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of grazing intensity and wetland availability on breeding shorebird populations in a Eurasian steppe","authors":"Tamás Zalai ,&nbsp;Sándor Borza ,&nbsp;Balázs András Lukács ,&nbsp;Zsolt Végvári","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional grazing has a long history on the steppes of Eurasia, dating back to as early as the Late Stone Age, which has contributed to present landscape composition and habitat topology. However, the number of livestock grazing in the steppes has significantly reduced during the past four decades. This exerted multiple detrimental effects in protected areas, by accelerating succession processes and leading to the declining quality of natural grassland habitats. This might have contributed to the global decline of shorebird populations that led even to local extinctions in a number of species. Here we aimed to investigate relationships among attributes of grazing and breeding population of shorebirds applying standardised surveys at ten sample sites in Hortobágy, the largest interconnected alkali steppe of Europe. We found that grazing pressure showed positive relationships with population sizes of nearly all shorebirds species. The number of breeding pairs increased with the density of grazing livestock. While only 15 % of waders bred in areas with less than 1,0 grazing unit/ha, this ratio amounted to 71 % in areas exceeding 1,5 grazing unit/ha. In several species, we found positive relationships between the number of breeding pairs and the size of open water surface. 81 % of breeding populations bred in sample sites where the extent of open water exceeded 10 ha. These findings support the hypothesis that grazing is a key driver of breeding in shorebirds in grassland ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting bat roosts in bridges using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees","authors":"Jacob Oram ,&nbsp;Amy K. Wray ,&nbsp;Helen T. Davis ,&nbsp;Luz A. de Wit ,&nbsp;Winifred F. Frick ,&nbsp;Andrew Hoegh ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Irvine ,&nbsp;Patrick Pollock ,&nbsp;Andrea N. Schuhmann ,&nbsp;Frank C. Tousley ,&nbsp;Brian E. Reichert","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-built structures can provide important habitat for wildlife, but predicting which structures are most likely to be used remains challenging. To evaluate the predictive capabilities of data-driven ensemble modeling approaches, we conducted surveys for bats and signs of bat use, such as urine and guano staining, at bridges across the southwestern United States. We developed a bat roost discovery tool using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) and evaluated the predictive ability of this model against other commonly used approaches. We found that the lack of nearby water resources was associated with a lower predicted probability of bat presence or signs of bat use at bridges. While the presence of nearby water resources was associated with higher average predicted probability of bat presence or signs of bat use, high uncertainty surrounding these estimates indicates that other factors also play a role in determining which bridge roosts bats are more likely to use. As such, our model could be particularly useful for predicting which bridges can be excluded from survey efforts due to low probability of bat presence or signs of bat use. We extrapolated our model to unsurveyed bridges across the study region and provide an interactive dashboard application interface for the exploration of these results. Overall, this study demonstrates the application of BART as a predictive tool for prioritizing future bridge surveys for bats roosting in transportation structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hide and seek in time and space: Spatiotemporal segregation between snow leopard and its prey in Northern Pakistan","authors":"Tauheed Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Ghulam Nabi ,&nbsp;Shahid Ahmad ,&nbsp;Huijian Hu ,&nbsp;Yiming Hu ,&nbsp;Sabah Mushtaq Puswal ,&nbsp;Mehmood Ghaznavi ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Luan","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporal niche-partitioning is a key strategy for prey to avoid predators and for predators to successfully coexist sympatrically. However, little is known about the temporal and spatial dynamics of snow leopards with key prey species. We investigated the spring daily activity patterns and spatial density distributions of snow leopard (<em>Panthera uncia</em>), Himalayan ibex (<em>Capra ibex sibirica</em>), and domestic yak (<em>Bos grunniens</em>) to unravel the spatiotemporal behavior within their shared alpine habitat in Northern Pakistan using trail cameras data. The results indicated that snow leopards exhibited a bimodal activity pattern, with peaks around midnight and dawn. In contrast, the ibex displayed a predominantly diurnal pattern, starting at dawn and minimally overlapping with the snow leopard. Attended yaks showed a uniform diurnal activity pattern under human protection, while unattended yaks exhibited irregular activity across day and night, suggesting higher vulnerability to predation. Spatial density analysis revealed notable overlaps between species pairs, particularly unattended yaks and snow leopards, highlighting the influence of spatial dynamics on predator-prey interactions. The clear off-phased and contrasting pattern of activity between snow leopard and ibex in our study showed temporal partitioning in spring and indicates that unattended yak may be a more heavily predated species than previously thought. This study provides the first comparative analysis of temporal activity patterns between a key predator and wild and domestic prey in Northern Pakistan. This research broadens our understanding of animal behavior through the lens of spatiotemporal interactions and provides insights into the complex dynamics between predator and prey in the challenging alpine landscape. Our findings emphasize the importance of livestock guarding to mitigate depredation and highlight the complexities of predator-prey interactions in both time and space, along with the resulting behavioral adaptations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge effects on amphibians in transformed tropical dry forest landscapes: The relationship between functional and taxonomic diversity","authors":"Hernán Darío Granda-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Hugo Alejandro Zarate-Tirado ,&nbsp;Daniel Robledo-Buitrago ,&nbsp;J. Nicolás Urbina-Cardona","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tropical dry forest (TDF) is one of the ecosystems most severely affected by deforestation globally. The remaining fragments are exposed to edge effects that significantly alter abiotic conditions, influencing species distribution and ecological dynamics. Despite this, the impact of edge effects on the taxonomic and functional diversity of amphibians in TDF fragments remains poorly understood. This study assessed edge effects on the taxonomic and functional diversity of anuran assemblages in the Colombian Caribbean, considering environmental and vegetation structural variables. A total of 108 transects were surveyed along a gradient from pastureland to the native forest. Three functional traits—snout-vent length, body temperature, and habit—were analyzed. The survey recorded 15 species, with higher abundance and species richness found at forest edges and adjacent pastures. In contrast, the forest interior showed lower evenness and higher dominance. Two species were exclusive to the forest interior, with an additional two identified as core-area specialists. Taxonomic diversity indices were strongly correlated with litter and understory characteristics. Functional evenness was highest in the forest interior, indicating a more uniform distribution of functional traits in these areas. In contrast, elevation influenced functional diversity indices. These results highlight distinct ecological mechanisms shaping assemblages: specialized species adapted to stable, homogeneous conditions dominating the forest interior. At the same time, edges and pastures favor species that are tolerant of extreme environmental conditions through environmental filtering. This study emphasizes the critical importance of conserving the forest interior and managing edge environments to sustain functional diversity and enhance the resilience of TDF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the genetic landscape of Bletilla striata: conservation challenges in a medicinal orchid under threat","authors":"Weichang Huang ,&nbsp;Chao Hu ,&nbsp;Xinhua Zeng ,&nbsp;Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia ,&nbsp;Kai Jiang ,&nbsp;Siren Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Populations of <em>Bletilla striata</em>, an essential traditional Chinese medicinal plant, are undergoing drastic declines mainly driven by anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Such declines have important demographic effects, potentially reducing the genetic diversity and gene flow while pushing this species into an extinction vortex. To develop comprehensive conservation and utilization strategies for <em>B. striata</em>, it is fundamental to understand its genetic landscape first. This study aims to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of <em>B. striata</em> to inform conservation strategies using eight nuclear microsatellites (nrSSR) loci and three chloroplast (cpDNA) loci. Results from nrSSR revealed that western populations exhibited 35.6 % higher allelic richness compared to southern populations, while cpDNA analysis showed southern populations exhibited three times higher haplotype diversity compared to western populations. Allelic richness is not strongly influenced by latitude (<em>P</em> = 0.737), but haplotype diversity decreased by 71.4 % with increasing latitude (<em>P</em> = 0.041), indicating that haplotype diversity is strongly influenced by limited dispersal northward. Considering the historical migration and cultivation practices in China, we speculated that artificial planting and breeding have increased allelic richness in western populations but not haplotype diversity, possibly due to strong pollen flow between cultivated and natural populations. This study highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts in the lower ranges of the Yangtze River and southern China, focusing on preserving the high haplotype diversity of <em>B. striata</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmental changes on vegetation growth and macroinvertebrate communities of eelgrass meadows in Northern China","authors":"Xiaolei Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Song ,&nbsp;Qingyun Yu ,&nbsp;Jinming Yang ,&nbsp;Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Huicui Lu ,&nbsp;Jiping Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiao Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seagrass meadows, along with their associated zooplankton and benthic fauna, have been significantly affected by climate change and human disturbances in recent years. However, the impacts of these changes on seagrass and related macroinvertebrates (both macrozooplankton and macrobenthos) remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we examined the growth patterns of <em>Zostera marina</em> and the diversities of macrozooplankton and macrobenthos (both α- and β-diversity) across an environmental gradient in the seascape. The research results showed that the density of seagrass plants was significantly positively correlated with inorganic nitrogen and dissolved oxygen levels, and significantly negatively correlated with inorganic phosphate and suspended solids levels. The species diversities of macrozooplankton and macrobenthos in seagrass meadows were more strongly influenced by environmental factors than by the growth status of seagrass, with the influence of environmental factors showing a cascade effect. The α-diversities of both macrozooplankton and macrobenthos showed a significant negative correlation with seawater temperature. Additionally, water temperature significantly affected the β-diversities of both groups, with detritivorous macrobenthos showing a strong negative correlation. The distribution of macrozooplankton and macrobenthos was also influenced by seawater nutrient content (inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate) and seagrass density. Furthermore, macrozooplankton were affected by water transparency, suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen levels, while macrobenthos were further influenced by the type of benthic habitat. This study addresses a current scientific gap regarding the relative contributions of seagrass condition and environmental factors to the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates in temperate <em>Z. marina</em> meadows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevational variation and driving factors of leaf functional traits in alpine shrubs of Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, China","authors":"Min Li ,&nbsp;Wenxu Cao ,&nbsp;Xu Li ,&nbsp;Qinghe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf functional traits (LFTs) are key indicators of plant responses to environmental conditions and nutrient acquisition strategies. However, the macroscopic variations in LFTs and their drivers in different habitats remain unclear, particularly for alpine shrub. Our study measured LFTs (including morphological traits, economic traits and anatomical traits) within an elevation range of 3500–4500 m in the Tongtianhe Sub-area of the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve. Correlation analysis and variance decomposition were used to reveal the sources of variation, adaptive strategies and influence mechanisms of functional traits in alpine shrubs. Our results indicate that LFTs varied significantly along the elevational gradient, especially morphological and anatomical traits (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Interspecific variation is greater than intraspecific variation for most functional traits. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that morphological and economic traits exhibited significant phylogenetic signals. The trade-offs between LFTs reflect the community's balance in resource use strategies, environmental adaptability, and community stability. Morphological and anatomical traits were significantly affected mainly by elevation, while economic traits were significantly affected by soil nutrient content. Topography, climate, soil properties, plant functional types (PFTs) and phylogeny together explained 67 % of LFTs variation, with environmental factors (31 %) having a stronger influence than PFTs (24 %) and phylogeny (12 %). Our findings highlight that environment variable across altitudinal gradients is the key driver of LFTs variation in alpine shrubs. This study is significant in revealing the adaptation strategies of alpine shrub plants in different environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}