Global Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of negative human-elephant interactions in Wayanad district, Kerala, India","authors":"Jacqueline Morrison ,&nbsp;Mayukh Chatterjee ,&nbsp;K. Ramkumar ,&nbsp;Sandeep Tiwari ,&nbsp;Susan. L. Walker ,&nbsp;Scott Wilson ,&nbsp;Alexandra Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative human-elephant interactions (HEI) present a significant threat to the long-term conservation of Asian elephant populations and negatively impact the psychological well-being of local communities. The Brahmagiri-Nilgiri Eastern Ghats complex in Kerala is a key landscape for Asian elephant conservation and supports the largest single breeding population across their range. However, negative encounters between people and elephants are increasing in frequency and have become a prominent cause for concern. Despite this, the use of predictive distribution models to map the spatio-temporal patterns of human-elephant interactions across the landscape remains poorly explored. Compiling 1942 individual conflict incidents from compensation records, we dynamically extracted 16 ecological and anthropogenic variables identified in the literature as important drivers of interactions between people and Asian elephants. Using an ensemble modelling framework incorporating 10 algorithms, we constructed predictive distribution models for the wet and dry seasons from 2011 to 2023 to map the spatiotemporal distribution of regions at consistent risk of negative human-elephant interactions. Final consensus models achieved a mean accuracy of 0.91 (AUC) and 0.73 (TSS) respectively and suggested that the top predictor in influencing interactions is human population density. Regions within and adjacent to the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuaries (I and II) have the highest predicted likelihood of interactions, however risk-level differs according to season. During the dry season, areas including Kidanganad, Nulpuzha, and Pulpalli, within the Kurichiat, Muthanga, and Sulthan Battery Forest ranges, were identified as having the largest land area at risk. Conversely during the wet season, the Tirunelli and Trisshaleri areas in the Tholpetty forest range demonstrated the highest risk. Results provide valuable insights to inform effective mitigation strategies at the landscape-level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife crimes and the demographic characteristics of offenders in western Serengeti, Tanzania: A review of court cases 2012–2022","authors":"Juma J. Kegamba,&nbsp;Adolph A. Siga","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildlife crimes are significant global threat to conservation, reducing wildlife populations and threatening some species to extinction. In Tanzania, substantial efforts have been made by conservation law authorities and the government to combat these crimes by apprehending suspects and filing cases in various courts throughout the country. Understanding court decisions on wildlife cases filed can provide a broader understanding of how to enhance the current criminal investigations and prosecution system. We reviewed wildlife cases filed by conservation law authorities and registered at Serengeti District Court (SDC) for ten years from January 2012 to June 2022 to assess the wildlife crime charges, the court decisions on the cases filed, and the rudimentary demographic characteristics of the accused. We found that most cases resulted in custodial convictions or noncustodial fines. The average period of incarceration was 8 years, ranging from 6 months for illegal entry into the protected area to 30 years for possession of elephant tusks and rifles. Most court cases were filed during the dry season from June to October, and the general trend indicated a decline in cases filed from 2014 to 2022. Evidence tendered before the court indicated that wildebeest (<em>Connochaetes taurinus</em>) are the most poached species and wire snare entanglement was the most used technique to trap and catch ungulates. Furthermore, the evidence presented and the interview results indicate that poaching was not only a subsistence activity for bushmeat or economic gain, but also involved other ethnozoological aspects. Assessing the declining trend in wildlife cases and the efficacy of the new governmental antipoaching strategies and penalties will require further analysis of data from several different Tanzanian courts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal niche overlap and shifts: Implications for coexisting Larimichthys species in the East China Sea","authors":"Chenxin Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Jin ,&nbsp;Linlin Yang ,&nbsp;Zunlei Liu ,&nbsp;Jiahua Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>), a critically endangered marine fish of high economic value in China, suffered severe wild population declines in the 1980s due to overfishing and habitat degradation. Since 2000, habitat protection and large-scale restocking programs have sought to recover this ecologically important species. However, these efforts face ecological challenges, as <em>L. crocea</em> shares habitat and environmental preferences (temperature, salinity, depth) with its sister species, the small yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys polyactis</em>), raising concerns about interspecific competition. This study quantified their climatic niche overlap using principal component analysis and generalized boosting models, integrating occurrence records and key environmental variables (temperature, salinity, depth, mixed layer thickness) across seasons. Results revealed significant niche overlap, with Schoener’s D values ranging from 0.55 (summer) to 0.66 (winter), indicating heightened competition risks during overwintering periods. <em>L. polyactis</em> exhibited broader niche breadth and greater salinity adaptability, whereas <em>L. crocea</em> displayed niche conservatism, relying on stable coastal habitats (40–70 m depths). Seasonal drivers differed: mixed layer thickness shaped summer distributions, while temperature and sea surface height dominated winter patterns. Overlap zones (4.73 % of the study area) concentrated in Zhejiang’s coastal waters, coinciding with key fishing grounds. Vertical stratification and dietary differences likely reduced direct competition, but <em>L. crocea</em>’s narrow niche breadth increases its vulnerability to environmental change. This study advocates for spatially explicit management, including decreased seasonal fishing effort in high-overlap zones and prioritizing restocking in non-overlapping areas. These findings advance understanding of niche-mediated coexistence in marine ecosystems and provide science-based strategies to balance species recovery with sustainable fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores","authors":"Saroj Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite decades of habitat-based interventions, the red panda (<em>Ailurus fulgens</em>) remains in steep decline across its Himalayan range. Conservation strategies have emphasized forest cover and connectivity yet overlooked a key physiological constraint: the availability of dietary nitrogen. As obligatory bamboo folivores, red pandas depend on leaves with sufficiently high foliar nitrogen to meet metabolic and reproductive demands, though direct experimental evidence is limited. However, bamboo nitrogen content varies dramatically across species, seasons, elevations, and disturbance gradients. This perspective argues that the absence of nitrogen criteria constitutes a critical blind spot in red panda conservation. Sub-threshold habitats can function as ecological traps, silently undermining translocation, reproduction, and survival even in structurally intact forests. We call for a paradigm shift that integrates foliar nitrogen thresholds into conservation science, landscape planning, and reintroduction protocols. We outline research priorities to (1) establish red panda nitrogen requirements through controlled trials, (2) map nitrogen landscapes using NIRS and remote sensing, and (3) embed nutritional adequacy in habitat policy frameworks. Without this integration, conservation efforts risk being structurally sound but nutritionally void.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of grass (Poaceae) species distribution and richness across India","authors":"Mukta Mande,&nbsp;Atul A. Joshi ,&nbsp;Harinandanan Paramjyothi ,&nbsp;Jayashree Ratnam,&nbsp;Mahesh Sankaran","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical grassy biomes (TGBs) cover a substantial portion of Earth’s land surface area and support a rich diversity of fauna and flora. Yet, despite their importance for biodiversity and human livelihoods, the TGBs of South Asia, including India, have historically been ecologically and economically undervalued, and as result, understudied. Here, we address this gap with the first subcontinental-scale analyses of grass species (Poaceae) richness and distribution across the Indian region. Using data on species occurrences collated from multiple regional floras, we describe the distribution of families, functional groups and species of Poaceae across this region, and their variation as a function of climate and geomorphology. India hosts &gt; 1100 grass species, comprising ∼10 % of global grass richness. Over half of these were perennial C₄ grasses, with Panicoideae being the most speciose subfamily in the country. Consistent with patterns observed globally, the PACMAD clade consisting of both C₃ and C₄ species was more speciose in warmer regions, while the C₃ subfamilies of the BEP clade, Pooideae and Bambusoideae, were more abundant in cooler regions of the country. Both total and C₄ species richness were greatest in warmer districts with high moisture availability, while cooler and wetter districts with low precipitation seasonality supported greater C₃ species richness. Our results spotlight previously unrecognized areas of high Poaceae richness in the arid and semi-arid areas of North-West India and the Deccan Peninsula in India, and call for conservation attention to neglected regions that are outside known biodiversity hotspots and protected areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversify first! Fatten the tails of phenotypic diversity to enhance adaptive capacity in the Anthropocene","authors":"Charles H. Cannon ,&nbsp;Chai-Shian Kua","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current pace of environmental change exceeds what most organisms have experienced over the past few million years, with more extreme shifts and events anticipated in the Anthropocene. Emerging environments will include novel combinations of abiotic and biotic conditions, forcing populations and species to either adapt or migrate to avoid extinction. Endogenous mutation rates are slow, particularly as natural populations decline and fragment. Phenotypic plasticity has its limits, particularly at extremes of physiological tolerance. Migration is only effective if appropriate habitat exists within dispersal abilities. Introgressive hybridization, an important element of natural diversification, has been effective means to generate novel vigorous phenotypes. Assisting phenotypic diversification through introgressive hybridization among suites of partially interfertile species could be an effective conservation strategy to enable endangered species to adapt and respond. These suites of species function as a geographically and taxonomically networked syngameon, allowing exchange of advantageous traits, replenishing genetic diversity, and restoring lost ecological and physiological functions. Phenotypic outliers within species - individuals with rare but beneficial traits - are important for maintaining adaptive potential within these networks. Fortunately, species typically maintain their cohesive identities given natural levels of interspecific genetic exchange. Experimental programs and theoretical studies will be essential to explore the impacts of accelerated introgressive hybridization within defined syngameons, with the goals of addressing uncertainties and refining methods. As environmental changes accelerate, promoting phenotypic diversification through hybridization offers a proactive strategy to maintain adaptive capacity. This approach has the potential to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functionality through the upcoming biodiversity bottleneck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural adaptability of wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada) in human-impacted areas revealed by encounters with free-roaming dogs and potential threats","authors":"Luca Pedruzzi ,&nbsp;Alice Galotti ,&nbsp;Martina Francesconi ,&nbsp;Alberto Quartesan ,&nbsp;Sheleme Abiyou Gamessa ,&nbsp;Bezawork Afework Bogale ,&nbsp;Giulio Petroni ,&nbsp;Valentina Serra ,&nbsp;Alban Lemasson ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Palagi","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying interactions between domestic species and wild primates is crucial for understanding the impacts of human expansion on wildlife. While free-roaming domestic dogs are one of the most common human-introduced carnivores and pose potential threats to primates, their direct influence on primate behaviour remains largely overlooked. Geladas (<em>Theropithecus gelada</em>), a primate species endemic to Ethiopia's Afro-alpine grasslands with a specialized diet, are facing challenges from habitat loss and interactions with domestic animals throughout their geographical range. Here, we followed 17 gelada group units in an unprotected area of Ethiopia (6-month period, 598 h of observation) and explored their behavioural responses to different natural and human-related threats. We observed strong vigilance in response to the presence of humans chasing nearby groups, as well as in response to dogs and eagles. Other raptors and birds of prey (including vultures and kites) produced no vigilance response, or only a modest one (e.g., augur buzzard). We also report encounters and interactions (n = 16) between dogs and geladas. Although we observed some behaviours associated with agonism and anxiety from both sides, the presence of dogs at close proximity was mainly tolerated. This contrasts with data from populations inhabiting protected areas where geladas typically exhibit flight responses to encounters with dogs. These differences between populations hint at gelada behavioural plasticity to adapt and live in human-impacted environments with limited alternative feeding sites. Increased awareness and documentation of dog-primate interactive events are essential to better grasp the broader implications of human-wildlife coexistence, one of the most important challenges of the Anthropocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term monitoring data inform conservation strategies for waterbirds in the abandoned tropical salt pans of Budai, southwestern Taiwan","authors":"Shu-Yen Huang ,&nbsp;Ruey-Shing Lin ,&nbsp;Hsing-Juh Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal salt pans are recognized as important habitats for waterbirds. However, once salt production ceases, the ecological management of these areas is often limited. Establishing long-term monitoring programs is essential for effectively informing conservation management plans. We conducted a monitoring program in the Budai salt pans, a critical wintering site for waterbirds in Taiwan, and analyzed survey data to assess population trends (2016–2023) of 30 species and waterbird abundance with environmental factors. A total of four dabbling duck species showed a significant decline, but no downward trend was observed at larger spatial scales, indicating that the salt pans may have become unsuitable for them. We recommend prioritizing dabbling ducks in the Budai salt pans as a conservation target. Water depth and salinity were the most important factors affecting waterbird abundance. Water depth was negatively correlated with the abundance of shorebirds and large wading birds. Dabbling ducks, as well as gulls and terns, significantly decreased when the average water depth was over 30 cm. In contrast, diving birds significantly decreased when the average water depth fell below 20 cm. Salinity had a negative effect on most guilds. Turbidity was negatively correlated with the abundance of diving birds. Tides affected small shorebirds, with higher abundance appearing during high tides. Creating varying water depths and reducing salinity are general management measures that contribute to waterbird conservation in salt pans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High and dry: Systematic wetland drying degrades North American habitat network supporting breeding white-faced ibis","authors":"Shea P. Coons ,&nbsp;Victoria J. Dreitz ,&nbsp;J. Patrick Donnelly","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetlands structure landscape biodiversity by providing habitat to numerous fish and wildlife species. However, many migratory waterbird species, including the white-faced ibis (<em>Plegadis chihi</em>; hereafter ‘ibis’), face threats from climate change, increasing human populations, and shifting land use practices, which are altering wetland ecosystems. Using ibis breeding colony surveys, we identified 153 wetland complexes to indicate the status of an ecologically diverse wetland network inclusive of private and public wetland resources. We assessed long-term (1988–2020) surface water trends within individual wetland complexes and by region. We also examined changes to surface water based on land ownership, hydroperiod, and wetland class. To identify landscape drivers influencing flooding patterns, we linked long-term trends to regional climate and anthropogenic factors. Approximately 60 % of wetland complexes experienced significant declines in surface water. Despite substantial interannual variability, overall losses were significant in five of eight regions examined. Drying reduced wetland availability on public wildlife refuges, which support important over-water nesting sites for ibis colonies, by 13–27 %, while foraging resources provided by adjacent flood-irrigated agriculture declined by 15–35 %. Changing snowpack, temperatures, and agricultural irrigation practices were prevalent drivers of wetland declines. To accelerate wetland network protections, we developed an interactive web application (<span><span>https://sheacoons.users.earthengine.app/view/wet-wfib-beta-11</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) that makes our data directly available to managers to reduce uncertainties in management decisions. Our findings underscore a need for management strategies that sustain the wetland habitats ibis and other migratory waterbirds rely upon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family structure influences the gut microbiota of the Sino-Mongolian beaver (Castor fiber birulai) rather than age and gender","authors":"Wenwen Chu ,&nbsp;Zhichao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Li ,&nbsp;Chi Ma ,&nbsp;Yuting Gao ,&nbsp;Wenpu Huang ,&nbsp;Fangyi Liu ,&nbsp;Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut microbiota is crucial for the health and survival of wildlife. In this study, metagenomic analysis was performed on fecal samples of endangered Sino-Mongolian beavers (<em>Castor fiber birulai</em>) from three groups rescued in the wild, to explore the potential factors affecting the gut microbiota of the Sino-Mongolian beaver. The results revealed that family structure is the primary factor influencing the gut microbiota of beavers (<em>R</em> = 0.897, <em>P</em> = 0.015), rather than age (<em>R</em> = 0.2, <em>P</em> = 0.135) and gender (<em>R</em> = −0.118, <em>P</em> = 0.692). This may be due to the obligate monogamy and strict family-based social structure of beavers. Meanwhile, the non-family group (solitary or couple) exhibited significantly unhealthy gut microbial composition and higher disease risk compared to the family group (parents with their offspring). Among the pathways that were significantly more abundant in non-family groups, 71 % (5 out of 7) were associated with diseases. This suggests that ensuring the family formation and size of the Sino-Mongolian beaver could maintain their homeostasis and healthy survival status, thereby better protecting this endangered subspecies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}