Global Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Human activity positively associated with the risk of spread of the giant African snail (Lissachatina fulica) recently reported in central and northern China","authors":"Mengxi Tan,&nbsp;Sanchun He,&nbsp;Wenqi Shang,&nbsp;Buwei Zhang,&nbsp;Mengjia Yang,&nbsp;Yimin Huang,&nbsp;Wen Xiong,&nbsp;Kun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The highly invasive giant African snail (<em>Lissachatina fulica</em>), one of the most damaging mollusk species in the world, damages over 500 plants and threatens conservation of endemic snails. It widely spreads in southern and southeastern China after a century of invasion. Existing niche-based species distribution models predict that this mollusk species is unlikely to distribute in central and northern China. However, recent reports identify its occurrence in 10 populated cities within central and northern China likely due to human-mediated processes, though the associated risk of spread remains undetermined. To test if human activity is a key factor for the risk of spread of the giant African snail in these cities, we compiled 247 occurrence records of the giant African snail in the Eurasia biogeographic region, and built zero-inflated Poisson, random forest, and k-nearest neighbor models with habitat condition and human activity as explanatory variables. We used the fitted models to predict the present and project the risk of spread under four climate change scenarios in the 2030 s and the 2050 s. The results show that human population density is positively associated with the risk which also varies by the types of land use. Difference in precipitation between the wettest and the driest months and elevation are negatively associated with the risk. However, there is no projected increase in the risk of spread under any climate change scenario. This study suggests that the risk of spread of the giant African snail in populated cities within central and northern China could be higher than previously expected without considering human activity. Timely effort in identification and eradication of this invasive species to prevent its spread in populated cities out of its existing distribution is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of burn scars by threatened marsupials in an environment free of introduced predators","authors":"Cheryl A. Lohr","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large wildfires are increasing in severity and frequency globally, and common in the spinifex grasslands (<em>Triodia sp.</em>) of central arid Australia. Fire may exacerbate the impacts of introduced predators, including red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) and feral cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) on their native prey. The interaction between medium-sized marsupials, and fire is difficult to study because many species have severely declined and are threatened or extinct on mainland Australia. Introduced predator-free enclosures provide an opportunity to study responses of threatened fauna to fire without predation effects in a relatively intact ecosystem. The 1100 ha fenced enclosure on the Matuwa Kurrara Kurrara National Park is actively managed with prescribed fire to reduce the risk of wildfire damaging threatened fauna populations and infrastructure. We used ten pairs of wildlife cameras, at 10 separate burn scars, with one camera from each pair inside the burn scar and the second camera in adjacent intact bushland, to monitor the activity of three threatened marsupials, boodies (<em>Bettongia lesueur</em>), golden bandicoots (<em>Isoodon auratus barrowensis</em>), mala (<em>Lagorchestes hirsutus ‘Central Australian’</em>) and brushtail possums (<em>Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus</em>) in the enclosure. Cameras were set within 24 hours of burning and remained in place for 56 days. The activity of golden bandicoots was 120 % higher in burnt patches compared to unburnt patches, whereas the level of activity by the other three species did not change significantly. Introduced predators can be attracted to recently burned landscapes in Australia. If both introduced predators and native fauna increase their activity in burnt sites, then native fauna may benefit from implementing management actions for introduced predators immediately post-fire, assuming the action does not negatively impact native fauna directly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-ecosystem effects of light pollution and invasive signal crayfish on riparian spiders","authors":"Alessandro Manfrin ,&nbsp;Jens Schirmel ,&nbsp;Marina Arias ,&nbsp;Martin H. Entling ,&nbsp;Julian Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Maike Huszarik ,&nbsp;Sebastian Kolb ,&nbsp;Anne Schrimpf ,&nbsp;Thomas Schmidt ,&nbsp;Mirco Bundschuh ,&nbsp;Ralf Schulz","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystems face multiple abiotic and biotic stressors that interact and extend beyond ecosystem boundaries. Both artificial light at night (ALAN) and invasive species are major threats to freshwater biodiversity in Europe. We used a riparian stream mesocosm facility, with 16 replicated units each containing an artificial flume and adjacent terrestrial habitat, to investigate the effects of ALAN, the invasive signal crayfish <em>Pacifastacus leniusculus</em> and their interaction. We specifically addressed their impact on aquatic insect emergence and the potential bottom-up control of riparian spiders. As expected, crayfish reduced insect emergence by 35 % after one-week, while ALAN had no significant effect. Moreover, spider numbers, particularly of riparian Tetragnathidae <em>Pachygnatha degeeri</em> and <em>Tetragnatha extensa</em>, correlated positively with insect emergence, indicating indirect negative effects of the crayfish. During the first week of our experiment, spider numbers increased by 22 % in pitfall traps exposed to ALAN, but decreased by 25 % in suction samples. This difference is likely driven by differences in species composition between the two sampling methods. All in all, the direction and strength of crayfish and ALAN effects were taxon- and time-dependent. This study provides evidence that the impact of signal crayfish can extend beyond aquatic systems and suggests that the effects of crayfish invasion and ALAN are largely independent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat island biogeography of mountaintop plant and soil microbiomes: Similar patterns driven by different mechanisms","authors":"Wen-Hui Lian ,&nbsp;Wen-Sheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Pan-Deng Wang ,&nbsp;Jia-Rui Han ,&nbsp;Chun-Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Chao-Jian Hu ,&nbsp;Guo-Yuan Shi ,&nbsp;Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Dong ,&nbsp;Ting Zhou ,&nbsp;Wen-Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landscape succession, driven by natural factors and human activities, leads to dynamic changes in habitat structure and quality. While the effects of these changes on biodiversity are widely recognized, the specific responses of plants and microorganisms to habitat changes during landscape succession remain unclear. This study focuses on fragmented mountaintop ecosystems formed during landscape succession, exploring how habitat loss influences plant and soil microorganism diversity, particularly through species-area relationship (SAR) patterns. We investigated the SAR patterns across mountaintops of varying sizes by assessing γ-diversity (total diversity at the mountaintop level), α-diversity (diversity within individual habitats), and β-diversity (community dissimilarity among habitats) for both plants and microorganisms. To uncover the drivers of observed diversity patterns, we analyzed the direct and indirect impacts of biotic (plant and microorganisms), spatial, and environmental factors on the SAR pattern. Our results showed that γ-diversity for all groups increased with mountaintop areas. For plants and bacteria, this was primarily driven by a larger species pool, indicative of a sampling effect. For fungi, the increase in γ-diversity was associated with greater habitat heterogeneity, resulting in higher β-diversity. For protists, the primary driver was higher α-diversity within samples, suggesting improved habitat quality. Notably, there was no significant correlation between above-ground plant diversity and the diversity of below-ground microorganisms, while strong correlations existed among the diversity of bacteria, fungi, and protists, particularly between bacteria and protists. This study highlights the complex interplay between habitat quality, heterogeneity, and biotic interactions, offering a comprehensive perspective on biodiversity dynamics in response to landscape succession, which is crucial for predicting biodiversity loss and informing conservation strategies during landscape succession.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variation and structure shaped by recent population fragmentation in the boreal conifer Thuja koraiensis: Conservation perspectives","authors":"Eun-Kyeong Han ,&nbsp;Ichiro Tamaki ,&nbsp;Tae-Im Heo ,&nbsp;Jun-Gi Byeon ,&nbsp;Amarsanaa Gantsetseg ,&nbsp;Young-Jong Jang ,&nbsp;Jong-Soo Park ,&nbsp;Jung-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A plant species has historically experienced repeated cycles of habitat connectivity and isolation, which have played a crucial role in increasing genetic diversity and promoting long-term survival. Therefore, understanding these dynamics is essential for developing effective conservation strategies. <em>Thuja koraiensis</em> is an endangered coniferous shrub inhabiting the mountain summits of the Baekdudaegan, a critical ecological axis in northeastern Asia. We used a genome dataset (242 SNPs) generated by the MIG-seq (Multiplexed ISSR Genotyping by Sequencing) method to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of <em>T. koraiensis</em> populations across their entire distribution range. <em>T. koraiensis</em> exhibited a population history, with range expansion during glacial periods and contraction during interglacial periods. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), genetic connectivity among populations was high, but post-LGM habitat fragmentation led to increasing isolation. This shift resulted in a rapid decline in effective population size and severe bottlenecks across all populations. Consequently, the genetic variation in current populations exhibits a geographically random pattern. Nevertheless, no signs of inbreeding or significant imbalances in genetic diversity were detected among populations. Therefore, we propose that conservation strategies should not solely focus on increasing genetic diversity or enhancing gene flow among populations but rather reflect the species’ historical demographic dynamics and aim to conserve the unique genetic characteristics of each population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidirectional hybridization challenges the species barriers in North American Arbutus (Ericaceae)","authors":"Lluvia Flores-Renteria ,&nbsp;Alexandra McElwee-Adame ,&nbsp;Niveditha Ramadoss ,&nbsp;Martha Gonzalez-Elizondo ,&nbsp;Richard Sniezko ,&nbsp;M. Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multispecies networks or syngameons engage in multidirectional hybridization and are more prevalent than previously thought. They are part of the evolutionary dynamics playing a major role in speciation events. However, allopatric or sympatric species distribution as well as reproductive isolating mechanisms largely impact the syngameonic structure and dynamics. We addressed how species maintain intraspecific cohesiveness in the presence of extensive interspecific hybridization in the genus <em>Arbutus</em>, which has been suggested to have widespread hybridization in North America based on morphological studies. Our study aimed to 1) determine if distribution patterns (allopatric vs sympatric) influence levels of interspecific gene flow and elucidate species boundaries, 2) identify the structure of the syngameon, and 3) determine whether pre- or post- zygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms are present that may deter advanced hybrid generations in the genus <em>Arbutus</em>. Our genomic data confirmed widespread hybridization in sympatric species within mainland Mexico, with multidirectional gene flow and at least eight species combinations were determined at the genetic level. Based on flowering times and hybridization analyses, we found that there was a lack of or weak pre and post-zygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms among sympatric species. Our study is the first of its kind to apply a genomic approach to addressing both the species boundaries and syngameon structure in <em>Arbutus</em>. These findings are relevant as habitat destruction and severe droughts are impacting <em>Arbutus</em> within mainland Mexico.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A matter of climbing: The first suitability index for artificial water sites to assess architectural barriers for amphibians – A practical tool for ecologists, managers, and conservationists.","authors":"Antonio Romano","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional irrigation tanks, drinking troughs, and agricultural wells constitute a vital part of the rural heritage in many countries. These types of artificial water sites (AWSs) play pivotal roles in amphibian breeding and conservation and in connectivity among natural water habitats, particularly in Mediterranean environments. In the framework of the global decline of amphibians and wetland ecosystems, this study explores the suitability of AWSs for amphibians, specifically focusing on their structural design, as certain components may serve as architectural barriers. This study introduces and validates the novel Artificial water sites Suitability Index (ASI), a multi-criteria tool assessing the entry into and exit from AWSs, on a database of 440 sites. The ASI is applicable separately both in evaluating entry into aquatic sites (ASIen) and in evaluating exit (ASIex). Developing the ASI involves considering a range of ecological indicators that reflect the functionality of these artificial aquatic ecosystems. Six architectural factors related to walls, edges and bottom of the AWS were taken into consideration. Field validation was obtained for the ASIen. The ASIen demonstrates high predictive performance, offering a nuanced evaluation of the suitability of each AWS, and it was significantly correlated with the species number hosted in the AWSs. Practical solutions for mitigating architectural barriers for amphibians are proposed, with emphasis on the importance of both entry and exit features. The ASI proves its role as an ecological indicator across three tiers: evaluating current artificial water sites suitability, implementing specific interventions, and establishing guidelines for the construction of new AWSs. This versatility makes it a valuable asset in devising conservation strategies for amphibian habitats, specifically in protected areas and land management, aligning artificial water sites construction with the requirements of amphibians for successful biodiversity conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evidence that heavy grazing causes fragmentation of Stipa breviflora in a desert steppe","authors":"Yuehua Wang ,&nbsp;Haigang Li ,&nbsp;Zhongwu Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhu ,&nbsp;Lei Tian ,&nbsp;Guodong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to investigate how heavy grazing influences the population dynamics of <em>Stipa breviflora</em> with a specific focus on changes in density and spatial distribution. We measured <em>Stipa breviflora</em> density, basal diameter, and distance between plants in each quadrat and found: (1) The density of <em>Stipa breviflora</em> under no grazing was 56.05 % lower than that under heavy grazing(<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); (2) No significant difference was showed on the total basal area of <em>Stipa breviflora</em> between heavy grazing and no grazing treatments, but the average basal area of individuals heavy grazing was 51.32 % lower than no grazing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). (3) The euclidean distance between individuals, and the number of seedlings were both 4.04 % and 78.79 % under heavy grazing lower than no grazing, respectively. Overall, we suggest that the increased density of <em>Stipa breviflora</em> under heavy grazing was caused by fragmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bacterial communities and its relationship with physicochemical properties in an urban riparian zone adjacent to different revetments","authors":"Chunling Wang ,&nbsp;Guangmin Liu ,&nbsp;Yani Di ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The riparian zone is the critical ecotone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Fen River plays an important role in environmental protection of the city of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. Over the last few decades, various revetments have been built to protect and restore the riparian zone of the Fen River. However, it is poorly understood which type of revetment is more conducive to material recycling and energy flow between water and soil. The microbial community in the riparian zone plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity. This study investigated the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in soils and sediments using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing based on Illumina NovaSeq, and identified the key environmental drivers of bacterial community composition and diversity using correlation and ordination analysis. Compared to the ecological sandbag revetment (SR), the gabion revetment (GR) had higher soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) concentrations. And the GR soil had higher Simpson and Shannon diversity index values than the SR and the concrete revetment (CR) soils. The distance had a significant effect on bacterial diversity, and the Chao, Shannon, ACE, and PD indices were significantly lower at 1.0 m than at other distances, and there were no significant differences in physicochemical properties. The TP had a significant effect on the bacterial community composition, which explained 47.89 % of the variances. Our results suggested that the GR was more conducive to the biodiversity protection, and the water-land interaction mainly occurs in the range of 1.0 m away from the shore in study area. These results can provide theoretical support for biodiversity conservation, management and restoration of urban riparian zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping habitat suitability and connectivity for Himalayan brown bears in Pakistan: Implications for conservation management","authors":"Shoaib Hameed ,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmad ,&nbsp;Jaffar Ud Din ,&nbsp;Hussain Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Younas ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kabir ,&nbsp;Niloufar Lorestani ,&nbsp;Sarwat Jahan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Nawaz","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Himalayan brown bear (<em>Ursus arctos isabellinus</em>) is a subspecies of brown bear that represents an ancient lineage. In Pakistan, it is classified as a critically endangered species with a patchy distribution, surviving in isolated populations over an area of about 150,000 km². Information on the habitat requirements of the brown bear is scarce in Asia. This study aims to construct country-wide habitat suitability and identify movement corridors to inform policies that strengthen connectivity among patches. Empirical data were collected over an area of 31,000 km² of the species' historic range in Pakistan. A habitat suitability map was generated utilizing an ensemble approach. The model predicted suitable habitat for brown bears spanning 54,885 km², which retains only about one-third of their former range. The main predictors for brown bear habitat suitability were the annual temperature range, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, and precipitation seasonality. Twenty-eight percent of the suitable habitat falls within existing higher-degree protected areas and national parks. However, some good patches remain unprotected or are protected to a lower degree. The connectivity model indicates that the population in the Hindu Kush range is isolated. The brown bear populations in the Pamir-Karakoram range appear to be connected to those in China and Afghanistan, while the Himalayan population has a weak connection with the population in India. We recommend validating movement corridors by tracking individuals via telemetry or genetic methods. Efficient management of existing protected areas and the expansion of protection to include unprotected habitats identified in this study is essential for safeguarding the future of Himalayan brown bears in Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article e03570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}