Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献_第5页

Pigeons discount continuously changing perspective during action recognition. 鸽子在动作识别过程中忽略了不断变化的视角。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000338

Robert G Cook, Daniel Brooks, Muhammad A J Qadri

{"title":"Pigeons discount continuously changing perspective during action recognition.","authors":"Robert G Cook, Daniel Brooks, Muhammad A J Qadri","doi":"10.1037/xan0000338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000338","url":null,"abstract":"An important challenge for animal and artificial visual systems is separating the system's own motions from the movements of other animals or events. To examine this issue in birds, we conducted three experiments testing four pigeons in a go/no-go action discrimination. The pigeons discriminated whether a digital human model was exhibiting an extended series of articulated motions or one of a set of static poses from the same video. They were required to do so while the rendering camera's perspective changed continually during each trial's 20-s video presentation. Experiment 1 found that pigeons easily discount the camera's continuous motion. Experiments 2 and 3, by testing novel sequences of the behavior, novel behaviors, silhouettes, and a form of conditional discrimination, revealed this to be a general capacity. Overall, the discrimination was predominantly mediated by global action cues, although a small contribution of image-based statistical features was detected. Collectively, the experiments reveal pigeons can readily separate and discount constantly changing perspectives while processing others' actions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10738059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for The Role of Numerical and Nonnumerical Magnitudes in Pigeons’ Conditional Discrimination Behavior 数值和非数值量级在鸽子条件歧视行为中的作用补充材料

4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000368.supp

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgment of Ad Hoc Reviewers 特别审稿人致谢

4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000366

引用次数: 0

There's something about a pattern: Choice between pattern and random sequences in implicit learning. 这与模式有关:内隐学习中的模式和随机序列之间的选择。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000335

Charles Locurto, James Donohue, Amy Hasenauer, Daniel McMaster, Matthew Morrow, Gabriela Castro, Pilar Segura Tobarra, Alexandra Eckert

{"title":"There's something about a pattern: Choice between pattern and random sequences in implicit learning.","authors":"Charles Locurto, James Donohue, Amy Hasenauer, Daniel McMaster, Matthew Morrow, Gabriela Castro, Pilar Segura Tobarra, Alexandra Eckert","doi":"10.1037/xan0000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000335","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments examined the preference for pattern versus random sequences. In all experiments the elements composing the sequences were visual images presented sequentially on a touchscreen. Reinforcement was randomly programmed on .16 of the element presentations for each type of trial. For pattern sequences the elements occurred in the same order and at the same location on each presentation of the sequence. For random sequences the elements could occur in any order on a given trial. The experiments were conducted in two phases. In the first phase, termed forced-choice, subjects, male Silver Kings, were given either a pattern sequence or a random sequence to work on in a given trial. Subjects received this first phase until performance on each type of sequence was equated. In the second phase, termed free-choice, subjects could choose which of the two sequences to work on in each trial. Results indicated that although performance was equated between the two types of sequences in the forced-choice phase, when given the choice subjects selected the pattern sequence on 70 percent of the trials. This finding held in Experiments 1 and 2 although there were procedural differences between these two experiments. In Experiment 3 the reinforcement probability for random sequences was increased to be 50 percent higher than for pattern sequence. In this arrangement subjects chose random sequences on nearly 83 percent of the free-choice trials, indicating that the preference for pattern sequences was not intractable. Results suggest that the preference for pattern sequences that was observed when reinforcement was equated between the two types of sequences may have been the result of the added information concerning forthcoming element presentations that was available from pattern sequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10748566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for The Effects of Feature Extinction in Dual-Response Feature-Positive Discriminations 特征消光在双响应特征-正辨别中的作用补充材料

4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000360.supp

引用次数: 0

Flexible control of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer based on expected reward value. 基于期望报酬值的巴甫洛夫工具转移的柔性控制。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000348

Andrew T Marshall, Briac Halbout, Christy N Munson, Collin Hutson, Sean B Ostlund

{"title":"Flexible control of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer based on expected reward value.","authors":"Andrew T Marshall, Briac Halbout, Christy N Munson, Collin Hutson, Sean B Ostlund","doi":"10.1037/xan0000348","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000348","url":null,"abstract":"The Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm is widely used to assay the motivational influence of reward-predictive cues, reflected by their ability to invigorate instrumental behavior. Leading theories assume that a cue's motivational properties are tied to predicted reward value. We outline an alternative view that recognizes that reward-predictive cues may suppress rather than motivate instrumental behavior under certain conditions, an effect termed positive conditioned suppression. We posit that cues signaling imminent reward delivery tend to inhibit instrumental behavior, which is exploratory by nature, in order to facilitate efficient retrieval of the expected reward. According to this view, the motivation to engage in instrumental behavior during a cue should be inversely related to the value of the predicted reward, since there is more to lose by failing to secure a high-value reward than a low-value reward. We tested this hypothesis in rats using a PIT protocol known to induce positive conditioned suppression. In Experiment 1, cues signaling different reward magnitudes elicited distinct response patterns. Whereas the one-pellet cue increased instrumental behavior, cues signaling three or nine pellets suppressed instrumental behavior and elicited high levels of food-port activity. Experiment 2 found that reward-predictive cues suppressed instrumental behavior and increased food-port activity in a flexible manner that was disrupted by post-training reward devaluation. Further analyses suggest that these findings were not driven by overt competition between the instrumental and food-port responses. We discuss how the PIT task may provide a useful tool for studying cognitive control over cue-motivated behavior in rodents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10740229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developments in associative theory: A tribute to the contributions of Robert A. Rescorla. 联想理论的发展:对Robert A. Rescorla贡献的致敬。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000344

Ruth M Colwill, Andrew R Delamater, K Matthew Lattal

{"title":"Developments in associative theory: A tribute to the contributions of Robert A. Rescorla.","authors":"Ruth M Colwill, Andrew R Delamater, K Matthew Lattal","doi":"10.1037/xan0000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000344","url":null,"abstract":"The field of associative learning theory was forever changed by the contributions of Robert A. Rescorla. He created an organizational structure that gave us a framework for thinking about the key questions surrounding learning theory: what are the conditions that produce learning?, what is the content of that learning?, and how is that learning expressed in performance? He gave us beautifully sophisticated experimental designs that tackled deep theoretical problems in experimentally clever and elegant ways. And he left us with a collection of work that fundamentally altered the way we as a field think about basic learning processes. Few scientists have impacted their field in the way that Rescorla impacted animal learning theory. In this paper, we introduce this special issue (Developments in Associative Theory: A Tribute to Robert A. Rescorla) by considering some of the many ways in which Rescorla's empirical and theoretical contributions impacted learning theory over his almost 50-year career. We conclude by identifying multiple fundamental issues we think he would have found especially fruitful to pursue as we continue to move forward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9674851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Hierarchical and configural control in conditional discrimination learning. 条件判别学习中的层次结构控制。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000342

Ellen M O'Donoghue, Leyre Castro, Edward A Wasserman

引用次数: 0

Reinforcement rate and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory learning: Insights from deletion of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit. 强化率和兴奋性和抑制性学习之间的平衡:来自GluA1 AMPA受体亚基缺失的见解。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000336

Joseph M Austen, Rolf Sprengel, David J Sanderson

{"title":"Reinforcement rate and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory learning: Insights from deletion of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit.","authors":"Joseph M Austen, Rolf Sprengel, David J Sanderson","doi":"10.1037/xan0000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000336","url":null,"abstract":"Conditioned responding is sensitive to reinforcement rate. This rate-sensitivity is impaired in genetically modified mice that lack the GluA1 subunit of the AMPA receptor. A time-dependent application of the Rescorla-Wagner learning rule can be used to derive an account of rate-sensitivity by reflecting the balance of excitatory and inhibitory associative strength over time. By applying this analysis, the impairment in GluA1 knockout mice may be explained by reduced sensitivity to negative prediction error and thus, impaired inhibitory learning, such that excitatory associative strength is not reduced during the nonreinforced periods of a conditioned stimulus. The article describes a test of the role of GluA1 in inhibitory learning that requires summing of the associative strengths of cues presented in compound. Mice were trained on a feature negative discrimination of the form A+/AX-. GluA1 knockout mice acquired the discrimination to a similar extent as controls. The inhibitory properties of cue X were verified in a summation test that included a control for nonassociative, external inhibition. The performance of GluA1 knockout mice was similar to that of controls. However, in line with previous findings, GluA1 deletion impaired the precision of timing of conditioned responding. These results provide further evidence that impaired sensitivity to reinforcement rate is not a consequence of impaired inhibitory learning. The results may more readily fit with accounts of rate sensitivity that propose that it reflects encoding of temporal and numeric information rather than being a consequence of changes in associative strength over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9583408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40657696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing complex odor discrimination in mice using a novel instrumental patterning task. 利用一种新的工具模式任务评估小鼠的复杂气味辨别能力。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000341

Tanya A Gupta, Carter W Daniels, Jorge I Espinoza, Brian H Smith, Federico Sanabria

{"title":"Assessing complex odor discrimination in mice using a novel instrumental patterning task.","authors":"Tanya A Gupta, Carter W Daniels, Jorge I Espinoza, Brian H Smith, Federico Sanabria","doi":"10.1037/xan0000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000341","url":null,"abstract":"Negative patterning tasks are a key tool to unveil the mechanisms by which stimulus representations are acquired-a central concern in Robert Rescorla's research. In these tasks, target stimuli are reinforced when presented individually (A+/B+) but not when presented in compound (AB-). The discrimination of single stimuli from their compound presentation is a challenge for theories of associative learning, because it cannot be explained by the simple accrual of associative strength. The present study examined the conditions under which mice learn this part-whole discrimination in olfactory stimuli using a novel instrumental methodology. In two experiments, reinforcement was contingent on distinct responses depending on whether a set of odor mixtures were presented in isolation or as a compound. Using C57BL/6 mice, Experiment 1 showed a mutual interference between learning a response to individual odors and learning a different response to those odors presented in compound. Using wild-type APP/PS1 mice (a control strain for a murine model of Alzheimer's disease), Experiment 2 replicated this interference and showed that it is stimulus-specific. These experiments show that the instrumental patterning task may not only complement Pavlovian negative patterning tasks but may also motivate its own questions on the representation of complex stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40657697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0