Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献_第10页

Supplemental Material for Valence Generalization Across Nonrecurring Structures 非重复结构的价泛化补充材料

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000317.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Generalization Following Symmetrical Intradimensional Discrimination Training 对称内维辨别训练后泛化的补充材料

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000327.supp

引用次数: 0

Theory protection: Do humans protect existing associative links? 理论保护:人类是否会保护已有的联想链接?

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000314

Stuart G Spicer, Chris J Mitchell, Andy J Wills, Katie L Blake, Peter M Jones

{"title":"Theory protection: Do humans protect existing associative links?","authors":"Stuart G Spicer, Chris J Mitchell, Andy J Wills, Katie L Blake, Peter M Jones","doi":"10.1037/xan0000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000314","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of associative learning often propose that learning is proportional to prediction error, or the difference between expected events and those that occur. Spicer et al. (2020) suggested an alternative, that humans might instead selectively attribute surprising outcomes to cues that they are not confident about, to maintain cue-outcome associations about which they are more confident. Spicer et al. reported three predictive learning experiments, the results of which were consistent with their proposal (\"theory protection\") rather than a prediction error account (Rescorla, 2001). The four experiments reported here further test theory protection against a prediction error account. Experiments 3 and 4 also test the proposals of Holmes et al. (2019), who suggested a function mapping learning to performance that can explain Spicer et al.'s results using a prediction-error framework. In contrast to the previous study, these experiments were based on inhibition rather than excitation. Participants were trained with a set of cues (represented by letters), each of which was followed by the presence or absence of an outcome (represented by + or -). Following this, a cue that previously caused the outcome (A+) was placed in compound with another cue (B) with an ambiguous causal status (e.g., a novel cue in Experiment 1). This compound (AB-) did not cause the outcome. Participants always learned more about B in the second training phase, despite A always having the greater prediction error. In Experiments 3 and 4, a cue with no apparent prediction error was learned about more than a cue with a large prediction error. Experiment 4 tested participants' relative confidence about the causal status of cues A and B prior to the AB- stage, producing findings that are consistent with theory protection and inconsistent with the predictions of Rescorla, and Holmes et al. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Location as a feature in pigeons' recognition of visual objects. 位置是鸽子识别视觉物体的一个特征。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000250

Stephen E G Lea, Guido de Filippo, Christina Meier

引用次数: 1

Supplemental Material for Inhibitory Summation as a Form of Generalization 抑制性求和作为泛化形式的补充材料

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000320.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Nonreactive Testing: Evaluating the Effect of Withholding Feedback in Predictive Learning 非反应性测试补充材料:评估预扣反馈在预测学习中的效果

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000311.supp

引用次数: 0

Flexible conditional discrimination learning: Pigeons can learn to select the correct comparison stimulus, reject the incorrect comparison, or both. 灵活的条件辨别学习:鸽子可以学习选择正确的比较刺激，拒绝不正确的比较，或者两者兼而有之。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000292

Daniel N Peng, Peyton M Mueller, Thomas R Zentall

{"title":"Flexible conditional discrimination learning: Pigeons can learn to select the correct comparison stimulus, reject the incorrect comparison, or both.","authors":"Daniel N Peng, Peyton M Mueller, Thomas R Zentall","doi":"10.1037/xan0000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000292","url":null,"abstract":"In a simultaneous discrimination, pigeons are presumed to learn to about the correct stimulus, but they may also learn to avoid the incorrect stimulus. Similarly, in a conditional discrimination, they are presumed to learn about the relation between the sample stimulus and the correct comparison stimulus but not about the incorrect comparison stimulus. In the present research, we encouraged pigeons to learn about the incorrect comparison stimulus by increasing, over trials, the number of correct comparison stimuli with one sample, to compare with increasing the number of incorrect comparison stimuli over trials with the other sample. In Experiment 1, using colors and shapes, we found no difference in acquisition between the 2 sample types. However, when we replaced either the correct or incorrect comparison from training with a novel stimulus, the pigeons showed that they had learned to avoid the incorrect comparison when there were multiple correct comparisons and to select the single correct comparison when there were multiple incorrect comparisons. In Experiment 2, using national flags as stimuli, when tested with a novel flag stimulus, once again, the pigeons learned about the single correct comparison but not about the multiple incorrect comparisons. However, with the other sample, they appeared to learn about both the multiple correct comparisons and about the single incorrect comparison. This research indicates that pigeons can show considerable flexibility in what they learn in a conditional discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"47 4","pages":"445-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39376931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transitive inference after minimal training in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). 猕猴接受最低限度训练后的推理能力。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000298

Greg Jensen, Fabian Munoz, Anna Meaney, Herbert S Terrace, Vincent P Ferrera

{"title":"Transitive inference after minimal training in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).","authors":"Greg Jensen, Fabian Munoz, Anna Meaney, Herbert S Terrace, Vincent P Ferrera","doi":"10.1037/xan0000298","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000298","url":null,"abstract":"Rhesus macaques, when trained for several hundred trials on adjacent items in an ordered list (e.g., A > B, B > C, C > D), are able to make accurate transitive inferences (TI) about previously untrained pairs (e.g., A > C, B > D). How that learning unfolds during training, however, is not well understood. We sought to measure the relationship between the amount of TI training and the resulting response accuracy in 4 rhesus macaques using seven-item lists. The training conditions included the absolute minimal case of presenting each of the six adjacent pairs only once prior to testing. We also tested transfer to nonadjacent pairs with 24 and 114 training trials. Because performance during and after small amounts of training is expected to be near chance levels, we developed a descriptive statistical model to estimate potentially subtle learning effects in the presence of much larger random response variability and systematic bias. These results suggest that subjects learned serial order in an incremental fashion. Thus, rather than performing transitive inference by a logical process, serial learning in rhesus macaques proceeds in a manner more akin to a statistical inference, with an initial uncertainty about list position that gradually becomes more accurate as evidence accumulates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"47 4","pages":"464-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8647760/pdf/nihms-1738626.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39797575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of context on the instrumental reinforcer devaluation effect produced by taste-aversion learning. 情境对厌味学习产生的工具强化物贬值效应的影响。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000295

Mark E Bouton, Sean M Allan, Armin Tavakkoli, Michael R Steinfeld, Eric A Thrailkill

{"title":"Effect of context on the instrumental reinforcer devaluation effect produced by taste-aversion learning.","authors":"Mark E Bouton, Sean M Allan, Armin Tavakkoli, Michael R Steinfeld, Eric A Thrailkill","doi":"10.1037/xan0000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000295","url":null,"abstract":"Four experiments manipulated the context in which taste-aversion conditioning occurred when the reinforcer was devalued after instrumental learning. In all experiments, rats learned to lever press in an operant conditioning chamber and then had an aversion to the food-pellet reinforcer conditioned by pairing it with lithium chloride (LiCl) in either that context or a different context. Lever pressing was then tested in extinction to assess its status as a goal-directed action. In Experiment 1, aversion conditioning in the operant conditioning chamber suppressed lever-pressing during the test, but aversion conditioning in the home cage did not. Exposure to the averted pellet in the operant conditioning chamber after conditioning in the home cage did not change this effect (Experiment 2). The same pattern was observed when the different context was a second operant-style chamber (counterbalanced), exposure to the contexts was controlled, and pellets were presented in them in the same manner (Experiment 3). The greater effect of aversion conditioning in the instrumental context was not merely due to potentiated contextual conditioning (Experiment 4). Importantly, consumption tests revealed that the aversion conditioned in the different context had transferred to the test context. Thus, when reinforcer devaluation occurred in a different context, the rats lever pressed in extinction for a reinforcer they would otherwise reject. The results suggest that animals encode contextual information about the reinforcer during instrumental learning and suggest caution in making inferences about action versus habit learning when the reinforcer is devalued in a different context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"47 4","pages":"476-489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8713511/pdf/nihms-1738628.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39411983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Rats delay gratification during a time-based diminishing returns task. 在一项基于时间的收益递减任务中，大鼠会延迟满足感。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000305

Douglas R Schuweiler, Manaahil Rao, Heather J Pribut, Matthew R Roesch

{"title":"Rats delay gratification during a time-based diminishing returns task.","authors":"Douglas R Schuweiler, Manaahil Rao, Heather J Pribut, Matthew R Roesch","doi":"10.1037/xan0000305","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000305","url":null,"abstract":"The rat is a common animal model used to uncover the neural underpinnings of decision making and their disruption in psychiatric illness. Here, we ask if rats can perform a decision-making task that assesses self-control by delayed gratification in the context of diminishing returns. In this task, rats could choose to press one of two levers. One lever was associated with a fixed delay (FD) schedule that delivered reward after a fixed time delay (10 s). The other lever was associated with a progressive delay (PD) schedule; the delay increased by a fixed amount of time (1 s) after each PD lever press. Rats were tested under two conditions: a reset condition where rats could reset the PD schedule back to its initial 0-s delay by pressing the FD lever and a no-reset condition in which resetting the PD schedule was unavailable. We found that rats adapted behavior within reset sessions by delaying gratification to obtain more reward in the long run. That is, they selected the FD lever with the longer delay to reset the PD delay back to zero prior to the equality point, thus achieving more reward over the course of the session. These results are consistent with other species, demonstrating that rats can also maximize the net rate of reward by selecting an option that is not immediately beneficial. Moreover, use of this task in rodents might provide insights into how the brain governs normal and abnormal behavior, as well as treatments that can improve self-control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"47 4","pages":"420-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639657/pdf/nihms-1738622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39377416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0