Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献

Probability and rate of reinforcement in negative prediction error learning. 负预测误差学习中的强化概率和强化率。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000396

David J Sanderson, Joseph M Austen, Anthony McGregor, Jasmin A Strickland

{"title":"Probability and rate of reinforcement in negative prediction error learning.","authors":"David J Sanderson, Joseph M Austen, Anthony McGregor, Jasmin A Strickland","doi":"10.1037/xan0000396","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000396","url":null,"abstract":"Trial-based theories of associative learning propose that learning is sensitive to the probability of reinforcement signaled by a conditioned stimulus (CS). Learning, however, is often sensitive to reinforcement rate rather than probability of reinforcement per trial, suggesting that temporal properties of cues may be more important than trial-based properties. In four experiments, the role of probability of reinforcement per trial was examined in appetitive Pavlovian conditioning in mice under conditions in which reinforcement rate was controlled. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the loss of conditioned responding caused by overexpectation of reinforcement. The probability of reinforcement per trial failed to affect acquisition and summation of conditioned responding and failed to affect overexpectation. It also failed to affect extinction of conditioned responding in Experiments 3 and 4. Experiments 2-4 contained nonreinforced trials in which responding at the offset of the CS could be measured. These probe trials did reveal an effect of probability of reinforcement per trial. Cues associated with 100% reinforcement elicited greater post-CS responding than cues associated with 50% reinforcement. The effect was also evident in summation trials (in Experiment 2) in which two 100% or 50% reinforced cues were presented in compound. The results show that mice learn about rate and probability information, but reinforcement rate determines anticipatory responding during the CS. The probability of reinforcement determines responding at the expected time of reinforcement. Thus, learning occurs continuously over the duration of experience and per episode of experience independent of duration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of temporal uncertainty on sign-tracking behavior. 时间不确定性对手势跟踪行为的影响。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000394

Rie Kaneko, Eleanor H Simpson, Peter D Balsam

{"title":"Impact of temporal uncertainty on sign-tracking behavior.","authors":"Rie Kaneko, Eleanor H Simpson, Peter D Balsam","doi":"10.1037/xan0000394","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000394","url":null,"abstract":"Sign-tracking behavior, also known as \"autoshaping,\" is defined as the approach and interaction with reward-predictive cues. It is associated with addiction-related phenotypes and compulsive behavior. Several previous studies have demonstrated that when there is uncertainty about reward properties (e.g., probability and magnitude), sign tracking is increased. However, the effect of cue uncertainty on sign-tracking behavior is not known. Here, using a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, we held the duration of cues constant and manipulated the temporal uncertainty by implementing either fixed or variable intertrial intervals (ITIs) of different durations across groups of mice. Variable ITIs create temporal uncertainty about when the next cue will occur as well as uncertainty about the interval from the last reward until the next one. We found that temporal uncertainty during acquisition significantly enhances sign tracking, which persists during extinction, even when ITI variability was different in the extinction session than in the acquisition session. This suggests that the effects of temporal uncertainty are learned and retained rather than performance based. Our results demonstrate that sign-tracking behavior is not only modified by the characteristic of the reward, but it can also be modified by uncertainty regarding cues. These findings highlight how temporal predictability shapes cue-directed behaviors and has implications for understanding addiction and compulsive disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The spatiotemporal dynamics of conditioned behavior: First-order and higher-order conditioning. 条件行为的时空动态：一阶和高阶条件作用。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000392

Victor M Navarro, Dominic M Dwyer, Robert C Honey

{"title":"The spatiotemporal dynamics of conditioned behavior: First-order and higher-order conditioning.","authors":"Victor M Navarro, Dominic M Dwyer, Robert C Honey","doi":"10.1037/xan0000392","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000392","url":null,"abstract":"Pavlovian conditioning procedures generate spatially and temporally distinct behaviors. For example, after rats have received pairings of a lever with food, they approach the food well during the lever (called goal-tracking) and interact with it (called sign-tracking), with these two spatially distinct behaviors being distributed differently across the temporal duration of the lever. Experiment 1 assessed the development of these spatiotemporally defined behaviors during first-order conditioning, as a function of the sequence in which the lever and food occurred (lever→food or food→lever) and the interval between them (1 s or 11 s). In Experiment 2, the same rats received higher-order conditioning trials in which an auditory stimulus was paired with the lever and the emergence of goal-tracking to the auditory stimulus was assessed. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 revealed dissociations between where and when learning was evident during first- and higher-order conditioning, underscoring the need for models of Pavlovian conditioning to explain both the nature and timing of different conditioned responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The inside story: Interoceptive Pavlovian conditioning with the nicotine stimulus. 内幕：尼古丁刺激的内感受性巴甫洛夫条件反射。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000393

Scott T Barrett, Kathleen R McNealy, MacKenzie L Knabel, Rachel M Burrichter, Kaitlyn A Steck, Rick A Bevins

{"title":"The inside story: Interoceptive Pavlovian conditioning with the nicotine stimulus.","authors":"Scott T Barrett, Kathleen R McNealy, MacKenzie L Knabel, Rachel M Burrichter, Kaitlyn A Steck, Rick A Bevins","doi":"10.1037/xan0000393","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000393","url":null,"abstract":"Pavlovian conditioning plays a crucial role in promoting well-being and supporting healthy behaviors but also contributes to the development of diseases and psychopathologies. Much of the basic and applied research on these conditioning processes has focused on external or exteroceptive cues (tone, spider, context, and brewery) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) or occasion setter. Considerably less empirical effort has been devoted to studying Pavlovian conditioning involving internal or interoceptive stimuli, such as indigestion, low blood sugar, back pain, or drug intoxication function as the CS or occasion setter. In this targeted review, we focus on our research on the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine. We summarize methods employing discriminated goal-tracking that have been refined over the years to investigate how the function of the nicotine stimulus changes with excitatory or inhibitory conditioning protocols. That research provides substantive evidence indicating that what is known about Pavlovian conditioning with exteroceptive stimuli generally holds for the nicotine stimulus-extinction, CS salience, generalization, overshadowing, blocking, conditioned inhibition, devaluation, and overexpectation. Extension of the interoceptive conditioning methodology to include intravenous nicotine as a stimulus found that the nicotine stimulus acquires additional reinforcing value when previously paired with an appetitive outcome. In closing this review, we highlight notable gaps in the literature and discuss potential directions for research and conceptual development. Ultimately, we hope to encourage others to consider the intersection of interoception and Pavlovian conditioning in their area of scientific inquiry. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11999299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goal-direction and habit in human and nonhuman behavioral sequences (behavior chains). 人类和非人类行为序列（行为链）中的目标方向和习惯。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000395

Eric A Thrailkill, Noah Elste, Catherine R Thorpe, Mark E Bouton

{"title":"Goal-direction and habit in human and nonhuman behavioral sequences (behavior chains).","authors":"Eric A Thrailkill, Noah Elste, Catherine R Thorpe, Mark E Bouton","doi":"10.1037/xan0000395","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000395","url":null,"abstract":"Habits are important in everyday life and are thought to be involved in several human behavioral pathologies, including addictions. Experiments with rats suggest that habit, as indexed by insensitivity of an instrumental response to separate devaluation of its outcome, develops with extended practice. Motivated behavior often involves a sequence or chain of behaviors (Rs), with each cued by a different discriminative stimulus (S). We therefore examined performance of a two-response discriminated heterogeneous behavior chain (R1-R2) in which R1 and R2 were occasioned by different Ss and were both required to earn a reinforcer. We further asked whether extended training decreases the sensitivity of R1 to the extinction of R2, which is known to decrease R1 and is analogous to an outcome devaluation effect. In Experiment 1 with rats, R1 was sensitive to extinction of R2 after moderate but not extended training, suggesting the development of habit. In Experiment 2, human participants learned three R1-R2 chains before one \"R2\" was extinguished. Extinction of R2 specifically decreased performance of the R1 that had been associated with it, but extended training did not reduce this effect. Based on findings in the nonhuman literature, Experiment 3 then had human participants learn only one R1-R2 chain before R2 was extinguished. Under these conditions, R1 became insensitive to extinction of R2 after extended training, consistent with the idea that habit can develop in a laboratory experiment with humans. The findings are discussed relative to difficulties demonstrating habits in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"73-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Symmetrical "super learning": Enhancing causal learning using a bidirectional probabilistic outcome. 对称“超级学习”：利用双向概率结果加强因果学习。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000390

Santiago Castiello, Gabriella FitzGerald, Georgina M Aisbitt, A G Baker, Robin A Murphy

{"title":"Symmetrical \"super learning\": Enhancing causal learning using a bidirectional probabilistic outcome.","authors":"Santiago Castiello, Gabriella FitzGerald, Georgina M Aisbitt, A G Baker, Robin A Murphy","doi":"10.1037/xan0000390","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000390","url":null,"abstract":"In a learning environment, with multiple predictive cues for a single outcome, cues interfere with or enhance each other during the acquisition process (e.g., Baker et al., 1993). Previous experiments have focused on cues that signal the presence or absence of binary outcomes. This introduces a perceptual and perhaps motivational asymmetry between excitatory and inhibitory learning. Here, using a bidirectional outcome, we asked whether learning about both generative (incremental positive outcome) and preventative (incremental negative outcome) causal cues show similar enhancement effects in opposite directions. In three experiments with humans using predictive learning tasks, participants (N = 133) were exposed to probabilistic predictive cues for opposite polarity events. Generative cues caused an increase in outcome likelihood, while preventative cues decreased it. An analysis of explicit predictive ratings found evidence for symmetrical learning and enhanced learning for both generative and preventative cues. The results are discussed in relation to super learning, an effect derived from theories of competitive learning based on error correction and theories of contrasting probability estimates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novelty mismatch as a determinant of latent inhibition. 新颖性错配是潜在抑制的决定因素。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000388

Mark Haselgrove, Sandra Lagator, Sue Lynn Mah, Emily K Gray

{"title":"Novelty mismatch as a determinant of latent inhibition.","authors":"Mark Haselgrove, Sandra Lagator, Sue Lynn Mah, Emily K Gray","doi":"10.1037/xan0000388","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000388","url":null,"abstract":"Latent inhibition refers to the observation, made in both human and nonhuman animals, that learning about the relationship between a stimulus and an outcome progresses more rapidly when the stimulus is novel compared to when the stimulus has been rendered familiar by preexposure. Three experiments with human participants show that this effect can be reversed to reveal faster learning about a familiar than a novel stimulus, by manipulating the novelty/familiarity of the experimental context. In each experiment, during Stage 1, a preexposed stimulus was rendered familiar by being repeatedly presented within a stream of distractor letters that constituted the experimental context. In a subsequent training stage, participants were required to respond to a target outcome that was preceded by the familiar stimulus on some trials and a novel stimulus on others. These trials were also presented within a stream of contextual distractor stimuli. The results showed that during the training stage, learning about the familiar stimulus proceeded more successfully than the novel stimulus when the distractor stimuli sustained novelty during training (Experiments 1-3), but that this effect could be reverted to latent inhibition when the distractor stimuli sustained familiarity during training (Experiments 2 and 3). The results are in keeping with a novelty-mismatch analysis of latent inhibition, and a novelty-mediated generalization explanation of the results is proposed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"13-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extinction induced representational change. 灭绝引起了代表性的变化。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000391

James Byron Nelson, Maria Del Carmen Sanjuan

{"title":"Extinction induced representational change.","authors":"James Byron Nelson, Maria Del Carmen Sanjuan","doi":"10.1037/xan0000391","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000391","url":null,"abstract":"Extinction may alter the representation of a cue (e.g., it becomes less salient). To assess that idea, three groups learned to suppress mouse clicking in a video game in negative-patterning (X+/Y+/XY-) and positive-patterning (Z+/W+/ZW++) discriminations followed by extinction of X and Z. The negative-patterning discrimination should depend on a configural cue that is dependent on the representation of X and Y. Removal of the excitatory influence of X should further reduce responding to XY. In contrast, if extinction alters the representation of X, the original XY configural cue supporting the discrimination should also be changed, affecting inhibitory control, increasing responding to XY. Following patterning, groups received extinction in the same context as training (Ext A), a different context (Ext B), or received no extinction (no extinction). All stimuli were tested in Context A. Group no extinction showed negative patterning; suppression to X and Y was greater than to XY while suppression to Z, W, and ZW was equally strong. In group Ext A extinction reduced suppression to X, increased suppression to XY, reversed the X/XY discrimination, and weakened the Y/XY discrimination. Extinction of Z reduced suppression to Z with no effect on W or ZW. Group Ext B showed renewal of X and a renewal of the X/XY and Y/XY discriminations. Results suggest some form of representational change in X occurred during extinction disrupting the original XY configural cue that was dependent on that representation. Findings are discussed with respect to theories of associative learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 1","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explicit and implicit intermixed-blocked effects in the absence of instructions requiring the search for differences between visual stimuli. 在缺乏要求寻找视觉刺激之间差异的指令时，显式和隐式混合阻塞效应。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000389

Gabriel Rodríguez, Fernando Rodríguez-San Juan

{"title":"Explicit and implicit intermixed-blocked effects in the absence of instructions requiring the search for differences between visual stimuli.","authors":"Gabriel Rodríguez, Fernando Rodríguez-San Juan","doi":"10.1037/xan0000389","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000389","url":null,"abstract":"In three experiments, participants were asked to mentally count how many target stimuli appeared in a sequence of presentations, without informing them that there were two types of stimuli (AX and BX) with a specific difference. Some participants received intermixed AX and BX presentations (INT groups), while others received the presentations in blocks (BLK groups). In all three experiments, the INT group showed a greater ability to differentiate the stimuli in a posttest compared to the BLK group. In Experiment 1a, where AX and BX were drawings of plants that differed in the number of petals, the improvement in differentiation was accompanied by the ability to identify the specific difference. However, in Experiments 1b and 2, where AX and BX were robots with a more subtle difference in eye separation, the improvement in differentiation occurred without participants being able to indicate what the difference between the stimuli was. These results suggest that intermixed preexposure can generate, without the need for initial instructions to look for differences between stimuli, both explicit (Experiment 1a) and implicit (Experiments 1b and 2) beneficial effects on stimulus differentiation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contextual modulation of human associative learning following novelty-facilitated extinction, counterconditioning, and conventional extinction. 新奇感促进消退、反条件反射和传统消退对人类联想学习的情境调节。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000385

Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E Witnauer, Yaroslav Moshchenko, Cameron M McCrea, Kristina A Stenstrom, Ralph R Miller

{"title":"Contextual modulation of human associative learning following novelty-facilitated extinction, counterconditioning, and conventional extinction.","authors":"Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E Witnauer, Yaroslav Moshchenko, Cameron M McCrea, Kristina A Stenstrom, Ralph R Miller","doi":"10.1037/xan0000385","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000385","url":null,"abstract":"The expression of an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) can be attenuated by presenting the CS by itself (i.e., extinction, Ext). Though effective, Ext is susceptible to recovery effects such as renewal, spontaneous recovery, and reinstatement. Dunsmoor et al. (2015, 2019) have proposed that pairing the CS with a neutral outcome (novelty-facilitated Ext [NFE]) could offer better protection against recovery effects than Ext. Though NFE has been compared to Ext, it has rarely been compared to counterconditioning (CC), a similar procedure except that the CS is paired with a US having a valence opposite to the US used in initial training. We report two aversive conditioning experiments using the rapid-trial streaming procedure with human participants that compare the efficacies and susceptibilities to ABA renewal of Ext, CC, and NFE. Associative learning was assessed through expectancy learning and evaluative conditioning. CC and NFE equally decreased anticipation of the US in the presence of the CS (i.e., expectancy learning). Depending on how the CS-US association was probed, they were either as or more effective at doing so than Ext. All three interference treatments were equally susceptible to context manipulations. Only CC clearly altered the valence of the CS (i.e., evaluative conditioning). Valence ratings after Ext, CC, and NFE, as well as a no-interference control condition, were all equally susceptible to context effects. Overall, the present study does not support the assertion that NFE is consistently more resistant to recovery effects than Ext. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"50 4","pages":"267-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0