Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献_第2页

Effects of habituation to different light intensities on the head retraction response in earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta). 不同光强对蚯蚓头部缩回反应的影响。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000401

Concepción Paredes-Olay, M Mar Carpio-Cruz, David Reyes-Jiménez, Sergio Iglesias-Parro

{"title":"Effects of habituation to different light intensities on the head retraction response in earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta).","authors":"Concepción Paredes-Olay, M Mar Carpio-Cruz, David Reyes-Jiménez, Sergio Iglesias-Parro","doi":"10.1037/xan0000401","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000401","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of habituation to different light intensities on the head retraction response in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta using a t1-t2 experimental design. Twenty-four adult earthworms were randomly assigned to two groups, each habituated with either 700 lux or 6,300 lux light (80 trials). Head retraction responses to 700, 2,100, and 6,300 lux were measured in pre- and posthabituation phases, with stimuli presented in a pseudorandomized order. Statistical analyses showed that, prior to habituation, responsiveness increased with light intensity across all subjects. During habituation, both groups exhibited significant declines in responsiveness, but the group exposed to 6,300 lux showed a steeper and more sustained decrease compared to the 700 lux group. Posthabituation testing demonstrated that worms habituated with 6,300 lux exhibited a generalized reduction in responsiveness across all test intensities, whereas the 700 lux group maintained an intensity-dependent response pattern. These findings challenge the traditional view that lower stimulus intensity leads to stronger habituation and instead indicate that higher intensity stimuli can produce more generalized and persistent habituation effects. The results emphasize the importance of distinguishing between learning and performance in habituation studies and highlight the value of standardized procedures for comparative research on nonassociative learning in invertebrates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 3","pages":"160-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intertrial interval as a contextual stimulus in discriminated operant learning. 间隔时间在判别性操作学习中的情境刺激作用。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000400

Emery W Harlan, Eric A Thrailkill, John T Green, Mark E Bouton

{"title":"Intertrial interval as a contextual stimulus in discriminated operant learning.","authors":"Emery W Harlan, Eric A Thrailkill, John T Green, Mark E Bouton","doi":"10.1037/xan0000400","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000400","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on Pavlovian conditioning has shown that the duration of the intertrial interval (ITI) can function like a contextual stimulus, modulating responding to an upcoming conditioned stimulus. Here, four operant learning experiments with rats investigated whether ITIs can similarly modulate operant responding occasioned by a discriminative stimulus (SD). In Experiment 1, responding for one group was reinforced during a 10-s SD when it was preceded by a 4-min ITI but not when it was preceded by a 1-min ITI (4+/1- discrimination). A second group had the opposite discrimination, 1+/4-. As seen with Pavlovian conditioning, rats could acquire discriminative control with the 4+/1- but not with the 1+/4- discrimination. Additional experiments investigated whether control by a temporal context in the 4+/1- discrimination transfers across physical contexts (i.e., the context provided by the operant chamber). In Experiment 2, rats learned the 4+/1- discrimination in one context (Context A), and the discrimination failed to transfer to a different context (Context B). In Experiment 3, the 4+/1- discrimination also failed to transfer to Context B when experience with reinforcers was equated across contexts. Experiment 4 found evidence of transfer, however, when rats had learned a second, nontemporal discrimination, in Context B. Overall, the findings suggest that ITI duration can acquire conditional control of discriminated operants in a manner similar to Pavlovian conditioned responses. The ITI arguably sets the occasion for a stimulus that itself sets the occasion for responding. Moreover, the control created by time can transfer across physical contexts under some conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 3","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms underlying the accuracy of stimulus representations: Within-event learning and outcome mediation. 刺激表征准确性的机制：事件内学习与结果中介。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000399

Sandra Lagator, Clara Muñiz-Diez, Tom Beesley, Mark Haselgrove

{"title":"Mechanisms underlying the accuracy of stimulus representations: Within-event learning and outcome mediation.","authors":"Sandra Lagator, Clara Muñiz-Diez, Tom Beesley, Mark Haselgrove","doi":"10.1037/xan0000399","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000399","url":null,"abstract":"Valid predictors of an outcome attract more attention than stimuli that are nonpredictive. Furthermore, stimuli that have a probabilistic association with an outcome attract more attention than stimuli that have a deterministic association with an outcome. Two experiments investigated whether predictive validity and outcome uncertainty resulted in the establishment of a more accurate stimulus representation, in which accuracy was measured as the strength of associations between different elements of a compound stimulus. In Experiment 1, pairs of stimuli were established as outcome predictive (always followed by the same outcome) and presented in conjunction with nonpredictive pairs of stimuli (equally likely to be followed by two different outcomes). Outcome uncertainty was also manipulated, between groups, by establishing either a deterministic (100%) or probabilistic (80%) contingency between the predictive pairs and their outcomes. The test trials revealed more accurate recognition for which predictive stimuli were paired together relative to nonpredictive stimuli; however, there was no effect of outcome uncertainty. Experiment 2 reproduced the effect observed in the deterministic group from Experiment 1 and also demonstrated that the superior performance to the predictive stimuli over the nonpredictive stimuli was only evident when, at test, the choice stimuli had predicted different outcomes during training. These results were interpreted as the consequence of two pathways to accurate stimulus representation: direct (within-compound associations) and indirect (mediated through the activation of the outcome) and are discussed in the context of attentional theories of associative learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ephemeral reward task: Why is it so difficult for pigeons to learn it? 短暂奖励任务：为什么鸽子很难学会？

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000397

Daniel Peng, Zohaib Iqbal, Thomas R Zentall

{"title":"Ephemeral reward task: Why is it so difficult for pigeons to learn it?","authors":"Daniel Peng, Zohaib Iqbal, Thomas R Zentall","doi":"10.1037/xan0000397","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000397","url":null,"abstract":"In the Ephemeral Reward Task, a subject is presented with a choice between two stimuli, A and B. If it chooses A, it gets a reward and the trial is over. If it chooses B, it gets a reward and it can then respond to A, to obtain a second reward. Wrasse (cleaner fish) and parrots learn to choose B optimally within 100 trials, primates may also learn, whereas pigeons and rats do not. We attempted to determine why pigeons have difficulty learning their task. First, we tested the hypothesis that pigeons fail because the outcome after choice of A is similar to the outcome after a response to A given choice of B. For group AC, after the choice of B, stimulus A changed to stimulus C. For group BC, after the choice of stimulus B, stimulus B changed to stimulus C. For group BB, after the choice of stimulus B, stimulus B remained for a second reward. None of the three groups learned to choose optimally. In Experiment 2, the probability of reward for choice of stimulus A or B was reduced to 50%. Pigeons learned to choose optimally. We suggest that the difference in value between one and two rewards may not be as great as the difference in value between 0.5 and one reward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of temporal uncertainty on sign-tracking behavior. 时间不确定性对手势跟踪行为的影响。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000394

Rie Kaneko, Eleanor H Simpson, Peter D Balsam

{"title":"Impact of temporal uncertainty on sign-tracking behavior.","authors":"Rie Kaneko, Eleanor H Simpson, Peter D Balsam","doi":"10.1037/xan0000394","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000394","url":null,"abstract":"Sign-tracking behavior, also known as \"autoshaping,\" is defined as the approach and interaction with reward-predictive cues. It is associated with addiction-related phenotypes and compulsive behavior. Several previous studies have demonstrated that when there is uncertainty about reward properties (e.g., probability and magnitude), sign tracking is increased. However, the effect of cue uncertainty on sign-tracking behavior is not known. Here, using a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, we held the duration of cues constant and manipulated the temporal uncertainty by implementing either fixed or variable intertrial intervals (ITIs) of different durations across groups of mice. Variable ITIs create temporal uncertainty about when the next cue will occur as well as uncertainty about the interval from the last reward until the next one. We found that temporal uncertainty during acquisition significantly enhances sign tracking, which persists during extinction, even when ITI variability was different in the extinction session than in the acquisition session. This suggests that the effects of temporal uncertainty are learned and retained rather than performance based. Our results demonstrate that sign-tracking behavior is not only modified by the characteristic of the reward, but it can also be modified by uncertainty regarding cues. These findings highlight how temporal predictability shapes cue-directed behaviors and has implications for understanding addiction and compulsive disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The spatiotemporal dynamics of conditioned behavior: First-order and higher-order conditioning. 条件行为的时空动态：一阶和高阶条件作用。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000392

Victor M Navarro, Dominic M Dwyer, Robert C Honey

{"title":"The spatiotemporal dynamics of conditioned behavior: First-order and higher-order conditioning.","authors":"Victor M Navarro, Dominic M Dwyer, Robert C Honey","doi":"10.1037/xan0000392","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000392","url":null,"abstract":"Pavlovian conditioning procedures generate spatially and temporally distinct behaviors. For example, after rats have received pairings of a lever with food, they approach the food well during the lever (called goal-tracking) and interact with it (called sign-tracking), with these two spatially distinct behaviors being distributed differently across the temporal duration of the lever. Experiment 1 assessed the development of these spatiotemporally defined behaviors during first-order conditioning, as a function of the sequence in which the lever and food occurred (lever→food or food→lever) and the interval between them (1 s or 11 s). In Experiment 2, the same rats received higher-order conditioning trials in which an auditory stimulus was paired with the lever and the emergence of goal-tracking to the auditory stimulus was assessed. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 revealed dissociations between where and when learning was evident during first- and higher-order conditioning, underscoring the need for models of Pavlovian conditioning to explain both the nature and timing of different conditioned responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The inside story: Interoceptive Pavlovian conditioning with the nicotine stimulus. 内幕：尼古丁刺激的内感受性巴甫洛夫条件反射。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000393

Scott T Barrett, Kathleen R McNealy, MacKenzie L Knabel, Rachel M Burrichter, Kaitlyn A Steck, Rick A Bevins

{"title":"The inside story: Interoceptive Pavlovian conditioning with the nicotine stimulus.","authors":"Scott T Barrett, Kathleen R McNealy, MacKenzie L Knabel, Rachel M Burrichter, Kaitlyn A Steck, Rick A Bevins","doi":"10.1037/xan0000393","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000393","url":null,"abstract":"Pavlovian conditioning plays a crucial role in promoting well-being and supporting healthy behaviors but also contributes to the development of diseases and psychopathologies. Much of the basic and applied research on these conditioning processes has focused on external or exteroceptive cues (tone, spider, context, and brewery) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) or occasion setter. Considerably less empirical effort has been devoted to studying Pavlovian conditioning involving internal or interoceptive stimuli, such as indigestion, low blood sugar, back pain, or drug intoxication function as the CS or occasion setter. In this targeted review, we focus on our research on the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine. We summarize methods employing discriminated goal-tracking that have been refined over the years to investigate how the function of the nicotine stimulus changes with excitatory or inhibitory conditioning protocols. That research provides substantive evidence indicating that what is known about Pavlovian conditioning with exteroceptive stimuli generally holds for the nicotine stimulus-extinction, CS salience, generalization, overshadowing, blocking, conditioned inhibition, devaluation, and overexpectation. Extension of the interoceptive conditioning methodology to include intravenous nicotine as a stimulus found that the nicotine stimulus acquires additional reinforcing value when previously paired with an appetitive outcome. In closing this review, we highlight notable gaps in the literature and discuss potential directions for research and conceptual development. Ultimately, we hope to encourage others to consider the intersection of interoception and Pavlovian conditioning in their area of scientific inquiry. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11999299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goal-direction and habit in human and nonhuman behavioral sequences (behavior chains). 人类和非人类行为序列（行为链）中的目标方向和习惯。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000395

Eric A Thrailkill, Noah Elste, Catherine R Thorpe, Mark E Bouton

{"title":"Goal-direction and habit in human and nonhuman behavioral sequences (behavior chains).","authors":"Eric A Thrailkill, Noah Elste, Catherine R Thorpe, Mark E Bouton","doi":"10.1037/xan0000395","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000395","url":null,"abstract":"Habits are important in everyday life and are thought to be involved in several human behavioral pathologies, including addictions. Experiments with rats suggest that habit, as indexed by insensitivity of an instrumental response to separate devaluation of its outcome, develops with extended practice. Motivated behavior often involves a sequence or chain of behaviors (Rs), with each cued by a different discriminative stimulus (S). We therefore examined performance of a two-response discriminated heterogeneous behavior chain (R1-R2) in which R1 and R2 were occasioned by different Ss and were both required to earn a reinforcer. We further asked whether extended training decreases the sensitivity of R1 to the extinction of R2, which is known to decrease R1 and is analogous to an outcome devaluation effect. In Experiment 1 with rats, R1 was sensitive to extinction of R2 after moderate but not extended training, suggesting the development of habit. In Experiment 2, human participants learned three R1-R2 chains before one \"R2\" was extinguished. Extinction of R2 specifically decreased performance of the R1 that had been associated with it, but extended training did not reduce this effect. Based on findings in the nonhuman literature, Experiment 3 then had human participants learn only one R1-R2 chain before R2 was extinguished. Under these conditions, R1 became insensitive to extinction of R2 after extended training, consistent with the idea that habit can develop in a laboratory experiment with humans. The findings are discussed relative to difficulties demonstrating habits in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 2","pages":"73-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novelty mismatch as a determinant of latent inhibition. 新颖性错配是潜在抑制的决定因素。

IF 1.2 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000388

Mark Haselgrove, Sandra Lagator, Sue Lynn Mah, Emily K Gray

{"title":"Novelty mismatch as a determinant of latent inhibition.","authors":"Mark Haselgrove, Sandra Lagator, Sue Lynn Mah, Emily K Gray","doi":"10.1037/xan0000388","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000388","url":null,"abstract":"Latent inhibition refers to the observation, made in both human and nonhuman animals, that learning about the relationship between a stimulus and an outcome progresses more rapidly when the stimulus is novel compared to when the stimulus has been rendered familiar by preexposure. Three experiments with human participants show that this effect can be reversed to reveal faster learning about a familiar than a novel stimulus, by manipulating the novelty/familiarity of the experimental context. In each experiment, during Stage 1, a preexposed stimulus was rendered familiar by being repeatedly presented within a stream of distractor letters that constituted the experimental context. In a subsequent training stage, participants were required to respond to a target outcome that was preceded by the familiar stimulus on some trials and a novel stimulus on others. These trials were also presented within a stream of contextual distractor stimuli. The results showed that during the training stage, learning about the familiar stimulus proceeded more successfully than the novel stimulus when the distractor stimuli sustained novelty during training (Experiments 1-3), but that this effect could be reverted to latent inhibition when the distractor stimuli sustained familiarity during training (Experiments 2 and 3). The results are in keeping with a novelty-mismatch analysis of latent inhibition, and a novelty-mediated generalization explanation of the results is proposed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"13-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extinction induced representational change. 灭绝引起了代表性的变化。

IF 0.9 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000391

James Byron Nelson, Maria Del Carmen Sanjuan

{"title":"Extinction induced representational change.","authors":"James Byron Nelson, Maria Del Carmen Sanjuan","doi":"10.1037/xan0000391","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000391","url":null,"abstract":"Extinction may alter the representation of a cue (e.g., it becomes less salient). To assess that idea, three groups learned to suppress mouse clicking in a video game in negative-patterning (X+/Y+/XY-) and positive-patterning (Z+/W+/ZW++) discriminations followed by extinction of X and Z. The negative-patterning discrimination should depend on a configural cue that is dependent on the representation of X and Y. Removal of the excitatory influence of X should further reduce responding to XY. In contrast, if extinction alters the representation of X, the original XY configural cue supporting the discrimination should also be changed, affecting inhibitory control, increasing responding to XY. Following patterning, groups received extinction in the same context as training (Ext A), a different context (Ext B), or received no extinction (no extinction). All stimuli were tested in Context A. Group no extinction showed negative patterning; suppression to X and Y was greater than to XY while suppression to Z, W, and ZW was equally strong. In group Ext A extinction reduced suppression to X, increased suppression to XY, reversed the X/XY discrimination, and weakened the Y/XY discrimination. Extinction of Z reduced suppression to Z with no effect on W or ZW. Group Ext B showed renewal of X and a renewal of the X/XY and Y/XY discriminations. Results suggest some form of representational change in X occurred during extinction disrupting the original XY configural cue that was dependent on that representation. Findings are discussed with respect to theories of associative learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"51 1","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0