Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献_第2页

An analysis of reinstatement after extinction of a conditioned taste aversion. 条件性味觉厌恶消退后的恢复分析

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000378

Noelle L Michaud, Mark E Bouton

{"title":"An analysis of reinstatement after extinction of a conditioned taste aversion.","authors":"Noelle L Michaud, Mark E Bouton","doi":"10.1037/xan0000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000378","url":null,"abstract":"Taste aversion learning has sometimes been considered a specialized form of learning. In several other conditioning preparations, after a conditioned stimulus (CS) is conditioned and extinguished, reexposure to the unconditioned stimulus (US) by itself can reinstate the extinguished conditioned response. Reinstatement has been widely studied in fear and appetitive Pavlovian conditioning, as well as operant conditioning, but its status in taste aversion learning is more controversial. Six taste-aversion experiments with rats therefore sought to discover conditions that might encourage it there. The results often yielded little to no evidence of reinstatement, and we also found no evidence of concurrent recovery, a related phenomenon in which responding to a CS that has been conditioned and extinguished is restored if a second CS is separately conditioned. However, a key result was that reinstatement occurred when the conditioning procedure involved multiple closely spaced conditioning trials that could have allowed the animal to learn that a US presentation signaled or set the occasion for another trial with a US. Such a mechanism is precluded in many taste aversion experiments because they often use very few conditioning trials. Overall, the results suggest that taste aversion learning is experimentally unique, though not necessarily biologically or evolutionarily unique. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of uncertainty in regulating associative change. 不确定性在调节联想变化中的作用。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000375

Yvonne Y Chan, Jessica C Lee, Justine P Fam, R Frederick Westbrook, Nathan M Holmes

{"title":"The role of uncertainty in regulating associative change.","authors":"Yvonne Y Chan, Jessica C Lee, Justine P Fam, R Frederick Westbrook, Nathan M Holmes","doi":"10.1037/xan0000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000375","url":null,"abstract":"Rescorla (2000, 2001) interpreted his compound test results to show that both common and individual error terms regulate associative change such that the element of a conditioned compound with the greater prediction error undergoes greater associative change than the one with the smaller prediction error. However, it has recently been suggested that uncertainty, not prediction error, is the primary determinant of associative change in people (Spicer et al., 2020, 2022). The current experiments use the compound test in a continuous outcome allergist task to assess the role of uncertainty in associative change, using two different manipulations of uncertainty: outcome uncertainty (where participants are uncertain of the level of the outcome on a particular trial) and causal uncertainty (where participants are uncertain of the contribution of the cue to the level of the outcome). We replicate Rescorla's compound test results in the case of both associative gains (Experiment 1) and associative losses (Experiment 3) and then provide evidence for greater change to more uncertain cues in the case of associative gains (Experiments 2 and 4), but not associative losses (Experiments 3 and 5). We discuss the findings in terms of the notion of theory protection advanced by Spicer et al., and other ways of thinking about the compound test procedure, such as that proposed by Holmes et al. (2019). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cue duration and trial spacing effects in contingency assessment in the streaming procedure with humans. 人流程序中或然性评估的提示持续时间和试验间隔效应。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000376

Jérémie Jozefowiez, Ralph R Miller

{"title":"Cue duration and trial spacing effects in contingency assessment in the streaming procedure with humans.","authors":"Jérémie Jozefowiez, Ralph R Miller","doi":"10.1037/xan0000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000376","url":null,"abstract":"According to the cycle/trial (C/T) rule, the rate of associative learning is a function of the ratio between the overall rate of U.S. presentation (C) and its rate in the presence of the conditioned stimulus (CS; [T]). This rule is well supported in studies with nonhumans. The present study was conducted to test whether it also applies to human contingency learning. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to rapid streams of trials. Sensitivity to the cue-outcome contingency varied with both intertrial interval (ITI, which captures C) and cue duration, but the C/T rule was not respected, notably because the effect of ITI was much larger than the effect of cue duration. Experiment 2 showed that mere suppression of verbal strategies did not alter the magnitude of the ITI effect. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 1 but with cue duration and ITI varied between 1,000 and 3,000 ms instead of between 100 and 1,000 ms. Performance was insensitive to both cue duration and ITI. This was not the consequence of Experiment 3 only varying the cue duration to ITI ratio by a factor of 3; in Experiment 4 where the cue duration was 100 ms, a 300-ms ITI was sufficient to observe an ITI effect. The lack of an ITI effect with a 1,000-ms cue and an ITI varying between 1,000 and 3,000 ms was replicated in Experiment 5. These results are discussed in light of how processes underlying associative learning might break down when events occur very rapidly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Latent inhibition in humans from simple stimulus exposure. 人类从简单刺激暴露中获得的潜伏抑制。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000374

Manuel Aranzubia-Olasolo, James Byron Nelson, María Del Carmen Sanjuán Artegain

{"title":"Latent inhibition in humans from simple stimulus exposure.","authors":"Manuel Aranzubia-Olasolo, James Byron Nelson, María Del Carmen Sanjuán Artegain","doi":"10.1037/xan0000374","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000374","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments observed an effect consistent with a latent-inhibition (LI) effect in humans that (a) did not depend on masking or instruction-generated expectations and (b) suggested that the effect results from a change in processing of the predictive cue. Participants viewed a video of a superhero character flying through three different contexts past a different stimulus in each context. In conditioning, The superhero flew past a target cue that was either Novel (Group No Exposure), had been preexposed in the Same context as where conditioning was occurring (Group Same), or was preexposed in a Different context (Group Different). Each time the superhero flew past the target cue his Hands Glowed (outcome). On test (E1), an image of the superhero flying in the context with normal Hands and the target cue was present. Participants were asked if anything was missing. Experiment 2 tested participants with the superhero present and his Hands Glowing to test outcome-cue associations (Test 1) or just the superhero in the context (Test 2, counterbalanced) to assess contextual associations. In E1 fewer people in Group Same reported the outcome missing than Group No Exposure or Group Different. In E2 fewer people in Group Same reported the target cue missing when presented with the outcome than in the other groups, a result inconsistent with interference accounts of LI. When presented only with contextual cues, reports of the stimulus missing showed that the context was associated with the stimuli presented within it. Results are discussed with respect to theories and demonstrations of human LI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conditional discrimination learning by pigeons: Stimulus-response chains or occasion setters? 鸽子的条件歧视学习：刺激反应链还是时机设定者？

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000367

Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng

{"title":"Conditional discrimination learning by pigeons: Stimulus-response chains or occasion setters?","authors":"Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng","doi":"10.1037/xan0000367","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000367","url":null,"abstract":"In conditional discrimination, the conditional stimulus or sample indicates which of two choice or comparison stimuli is associated with a reinforcer. Two hypotheses have been proposed concerning the role of the sample stimulus. According to Hull (1952), the sample and the response to the correct comparison form a stimulus-response chain. According to Skinner (1938), however, the sample serves as an occasion setter, setting the occasion for the choice of the correct comparison stimulus. In a conditional discrimination, if the sample stimulus forms part of a stimulus-response chain, then presenting the sample in the absence of the comparison stimuli should weaken the association. If the sample serves as an occasion setter, however, presenting the sample alone should not weaken its occasion-setting ability. In two experiments we tested these predictions. In Experiment 1, following conditional discrimination training with vertical and horizontal line samples and red and green comparison stimuli, we found that the presentation of the samples without the comparison stimuli (followed sometimes by a reinforcer) had little effect on conditional discrimination accuracy. In Experiment 2, two different houselights served as samples. When we presented the samples without comparison stimuli and without the reinforcers we found similar results. The results support the hypothesis that in conditional discrimination, the samples serve as occasion setters. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41163488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of instructions on the microstructure of human schedule performance. 指令对人类时间表表现微观结构的影响。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000364

Xiaosheng Chen, Phil Reed

{"title":"Effect of instructions on the microstructure of human schedule performance.","authors":"Xiaosheng Chen, Phil Reed","doi":"10.1037/xan0000364","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000364","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments examined the effect of instructions on human free-operant performance on random ratio (RR) and random interval (RI) schedules. Both rates of responding, and the microstructure of behavior, were explored to determine whether bout-initiation and within-bout responding may be controlled by different processes. The results demonstrated that responding in acquisition (Experiments 1 and 2) and extinction (Experiment 3) was impacted in line with given instructions. During acquisition, rates were higher on RR compared to RI for accurate and minimal instructions. During extinction, rates decreased when there were minimal instructions. However, instructions had a greater impact on within-bout responding, than they did on bout-initiation responding. Overall rates of responding, and within-bout rates, varied in line with the nature of the instructions, but bout-initiation responding did not (Experiments 1 and 2). Resistance to extinction was increased by instructions in terms of overall responding and within-bout rates, but not in terms of bout-initiation rates (Experiment 3). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that bout-initiation responding may be less impacted by instructions than within-bout responding, speculatively, the former is stimulus-driven, automatic/habitual, and less accessible to conscious processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning about trial sequences disrupts the partial reinforcement extinction effect in classical conditioning. 学习试验序列会破坏经典条件反射中的部分强化消退效应。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000370

Tianjian Jiao, Justin A Harris

{"title":"Learning about trial sequences disrupts the partial reinforcement extinction effect in classical conditioning.","authors":"Tianjian Jiao, Justin A Harris","doi":"10.1037/xan0000370","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000370","url":null,"abstract":"The partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) refers to the phenomenon that conditioned responding extinguishes more slowly if subjects had been inconsistently (\"partially\") reinforced than if they had been reinforced on every trial (\"continuously\" reinforced). One largely successful account of the PREE, known as sequential theory (Capaldi, 1966), suggests that, when subjects are partially reinforced, they learn that memories of sequences of nonreinforced trials are associated with subsequent reinforcement. This association helps to maintain responding (i.e., delay extinction) when the subjects experience nonreinforced trials during extinction. Sequential theory's explanation of the PREE hinges on subjects learning sequences of nonreinforced trials during acquisition. However, direct evidence for such sequential learning is not available in previous studies of the PREE where animals are trained with multiple sequences of different lengths that are randomly intermixed and, therefore, cannot anticipate whether a given trial will be reinforced during acquisition. The current study conducted two experiments that trained rats with a single fixed trial sequence to provide evidence of sequential learning during conditioning, and then observe its effect on the PREE. Under one condition the rats did learn about the fixed sequence but did not subsequently show a PREE, whereas other rats that did show a PREE had not learned the trial sequences during conditioning. Therefore, contrary to sequential theory's prediction, our result suggests that learning about the trial sequence is neither necessary nor sufficient for the PREE. We suggest that the PREE may instead depend on uncertainty about whether the conditioned stimulus will be reinforced. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The sequencing of trials during partial reinforcement affects subsequent extinction. 部分强化期间的试验顺序影响随后的消光。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000369

Justin A Harris

{"title":"The sequencing of trials during partial reinforcement affects subsequent extinction.","authors":"Justin A Harris","doi":"10.1037/xan0000369","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000369","url":null,"abstract":"If a conditioned stimulus or response has been inconsistently (\"partially\") reinforced, conditioned responding will take longer to extinguish than if responding had been established by consistent (\"continuous\") reinforcement. This partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) is one of the best-known phenomena in associative learning but defies ready explanation by associative models which assume that a partial reinforcement schedule will produce weaker conditioning that should be less resistant to extinction. The most popular explanation of the PREE is that, during partial reinforcement, animals learn that recent nonreinforced (N) trials are associated with subsequent reinforcement (R), and therefore the presence of N trials during extinction serves to promote generalization of conditioning to extinction. According to sequential theory (Capaldi, 1966), animals can encode whole sequences (runs) of N trials and associate their memory of the sequence with subsequent R. The length of these N sequences during conditioning affects how long the animal will continue to respond during extinction. The present experiment used Pavlovian magazine approach conditioning with rats to test two predictions of this theory. Consistent with sequential theory, the PREE was sensitive to the length of the N sequence: conditioning with long sequences (runs of 3-5 N trials) produced a stronger PREE than conditioning with short sequences (runs of 1 or 2) even when the total number of N and R trials was held constant. Surprisingly, there was no PREE among rats trained with the short sequences. Moreover, contrary to the theory's prediction, interrupting the long N sequences with reinforced trials of a different conditioned stimulus did not affect the subsequent PREE. I conclude that uncertainty about reinforcement, rather than the memory of N sequences per se, is a key factor in the development of the PREE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stimulus-outcome associations are required for the expression of specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. 刺激-结果关联是特定巴甫洛夫-器械转移表达的必要条件。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000371

Juhyeong Park, Nura W Lingawi, Byron E Crimmins, Joanne M Gladding, Christopher R Nolan, Thomas J Burton, Vincent Laurent

{"title":"Stimulus-outcome associations are required for the expression of specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer.","authors":"Juhyeong Park, Nura W Lingawi, Byron E Crimmins, Joanne M Gladding, Christopher R Nolan, Thomas J Burton, Vincent Laurent","doi":"10.1037/xan0000371","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000371","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments employed a specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) task in rats to determine the capacity of various treatments to undermine two outcome-specific stimulus-outcome (S-O) associations. Experiment 1 tested a random treatment, which involved uncorrelated presentations of the two stimuli and their predicted outcomes. This treatment disrupted the capacity of the outcome-specific S-O associations to drive specific PIT. Experiment 2 used a negative-contingency treatment during which the predicted outcomes were exclusively delivered in the absence of their associated stimulus. This treatment spared specific PIT, suggesting that it left the outcome-specific S-O associations relatively intact. The same outcome was obtained in Experiment 3, which implemented a zero-contingency treatment consisting of delivering the predicted outcomes in the presence and absence of their associated stimulus. Experiment 4 tested a mixed treatment, which distributed the predicted outcomes at an equal rate during each stimulus. This treatment disrupted the capacity of the outcome-specific S-O associations to drive specific PIT. We suggest that the mixed treatment disrupted specific PIT by generating new and competing outcome-specific S-O associations. By contrast, we propose that the random treatment disrupted specific PIT by undermining the original outcome-specific S-O associations, indicating that these associations must be retrieved to express specific PIT. We discuss how these findings inform our theoretical understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increasing previous but not concurrent extinction attenuates the "extinction makes acquisition context specific" effect in human predictive learning. 在人类的预测性学习中，增加之前的消光（而非同时消光）会减弱 "消光使习得具有特定情境 "效应。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000372

Pedro M Ogallar, Juan M Rosas, José E Callejas-Aguilera

{"title":"Increasing previous but not concurrent extinction attenuates the \"extinction makes acquisition context specific\" effect in human predictive learning.","authors":"Pedro M Ogallar, Juan M Rosas, José E Callejas-Aguilera","doi":"10.1037/xan0000372","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000372","url":null,"abstract":"Four experiments in human predictive learning evaluated whether the extinction makes the acquisition context specific (EMACS) effect is attenuated when the increase in prediction error that extinction produces disappears. Participants had to evaluate the relationship between a given food (cue) that was ingested by an imaginary client of a given restaurant (context) and a potential gastric illness (outcome). The task was implemented using Gorilla online software. All participants received the relevant training in context A, and equivalent exposure to context B. Cue E was presented paired with the outcome in all groups. Cue E was then either extinguished (group E) or not extinguished (group NE), either previously or concurrently to training of the target cue (P). P was then tested in contexts A and B. When extinction was conducted concurrently, performance to P became context-dependent regardless of the number of extinction trials (12 or 24)-the EMACS effect. The EMACS effect disappeared when extinction was elongated to 24 trials, and conducted before acquisition of P. Implications of these results for attentional explanations of context processing are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0