Clinical Psychological Science最新文献

Bias in the Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder Among Sexual- and Gender-Minority Persons: Results From a Vignette-Based Experiment 性少数群体和性别少数群体在边缘型人格障碍诊断中的偏见：基于小插曲的实验结果

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241267954

Craig Rodriguez-Seijas, Marley Warren, Preetam Vupputuri, Skylar Hawthorne

{"title":"Bias in the Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder Among Sexual- and Gender-Minority Persons: Results From a Vignette-Based Experiment","authors":"Craig Rodriguez-Seijas, Marley Warren, Preetam Vupputuri, Skylar Hawthorne","doi":"10.1177/21677026241267954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241267954","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual- and gender-minority (SGM) individuals are diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) more than cisgender heterosexuals. Using a large sample of mental-health practitioners in the United States and Canada ( N = 426), we examined bias in the diagnosis of BPD. Mental-health practitioners were randomly assigned to receive one of three clinical vignettes (cisgender heterosexual man, cisgender gay man, or transgender woman) and asked to provide psychiatric diagnoses based on the vignette. Mental-health practitioners demonstrated a predilection to diagnose BPD when presented with the transgender vignette (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.99, p = .01) but not the cisgender-gay vignette ( OR = 1.34, p = .29) compared with practitioners presented the cisgender-heterosexual vignette. Psychiatrists, mental-health counselors, and clinical social workers were significantly more inclined to diagnose BPD than psychologists, although reasons for underdiagnosis differed across groups. These findings bear important implications for future training given the nature of the mental-health workforce in the United States.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opening the Black Box: The Underlying Working Mechanisms in Virtual-Reality Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders 打开黑盒：虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗焦虑症的基本工作机制

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241267945

Sara Scheveneels, Iris Engelhard, Katharina Meyerbröker

{"title":"Opening the Black Box: The Underlying Working Mechanisms in Virtual-Reality Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders","authors":"Sara Scheveneels, Iris Engelhard, Katharina Meyerbröker","doi":"10.1177/21677026241267945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241267945","url":null,"abstract":"Although research on virtual-reality (VR) exposure therapy (VRET) in anxiety disorders has primarily focused on effectiveness and acceptability, the underlying working mechanisms have received scant attention. To fill this knowledge gap, we discuss potential theoretical underpinnings of VRET based on three dominant theoretical accounts on exposure: inhibitory-learning theory (expectancy violation), emotional-processing theory (habituation), and self-efficacy theory. Whereas theoretically speaking, habituation and self-efficacy seem plausible candidate mechanisms to explain the effects of VRET, the role of expectancy violation is less straightforward. Because of the simulated nature of VR, some feared outcomes cannot occur, and therefore, possibilities to violate expectancies about their occurrence may be compromised. Empirical evidence on the working mechanisms of VRET is scarce and has important limitations. Avenues for future research are provided. Insights into the mechanisms of VRET not only are of theoretical importance but also can provide theory-based directions to optimize the application of VRET.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing a Reward-Processing Model of Negative Urgency in Women With and Without Binge Eating 测试有无暴食女性的负紧迫性奖赏加工模型

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241267996

Sarah E. Racine, Vittoria Trolio, Alexia E. Miller, Adrienne Mehak, Ege Bicaker, Samantha Wilson, Stephen D. Benning

{"title":"Testing a Reward-Processing Model of Negative Urgency in Women With and Without Binge Eating","authors":"Sarah E. Racine, Vittoria Trolio, Alexia E. Miller, Adrienne Mehak, Ege Bicaker, Samantha Wilson, Stephen D. Benning","doi":"10.1177/21677026241267996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241267996","url":null,"abstract":"Negative urgency (i.e., the tendency to act impulsively when experiencing negative affect) is robustly associated with psychopathology, but the mechanisms underlying negative urgency and its relation to mental health are not well understood. In addition to interfering with cognitive control, negative emotions may lead to impulsive behavior by enhancing reward processing of desired stimuli. In this study, we tested an emotion-enhanced reward-processing model of negative urgency in 153 women who spanned the spectrum of binge-eating severity. Participants completed two experimental tasks under both stressful- and relaxed-mood conditions while physiological, behavioral, and self-report indices of reward processing of palatable food were assessed. Contrary to hypotheses, reward processing of food was not heightened when stressed versus relaxed either in the full sample or in participants with greater negative urgency or binge-eating frequency/severity. Findings are discussed considering study limitations and previous mechanistic work on negative urgency.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Additive Benefits of Individual, Relational, and Community Factors on Physical- and Mental-Health Trajectories Among Black Americans 个人、关系和社区因素对美国黑人身心健康轨迹的叠加效应

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241266580

Olutosin Adesogan, Justin A. Lavner, Sierra E. Carter, Steven R. H. Beach

{"title":"Additive Benefits of Individual, Relational, and Community Factors on Physical- and Mental-Health Trajectories Among Black Americans","authors":"Olutosin Adesogan, Justin A. Lavner, Sierra E. Carter, Steven R. H. Beach","doi":"10.1177/21677026241266580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241266580","url":null,"abstract":"Black Americans have demonstrated significant resilience in the face of stress caused by systemic oppression. This resilience is likely to stem from several factors across socioecological levels, including those internal to the individual (assets) and those external to the individual (resources), but existing work has yet to consider these within an integrated framework. To address this gap, in the current study, we used longitudinal data from 692 Black adults living in the rural southeastern United States to examine the univariate and multivariate effects of individual (religiosity and spirituality), relational (romantic partner support, general social support), and community (neighborhood support) factors on trajectories of depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and general health. Findings revealed univariate and multivariate effects on health, providing evidence of additive benefits from these assets and resources. Greater consideration of strengths and supports across socioecological systems may help inform enhanced preventive interventions for and promote health equity among Black Americans.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Dosage of a Meditation App Associated With Changes in Psychological Distress? It Depends on How You Ask 冥想应用程序的剂量与心理压力的变化有关吗？这取决于您如何提问

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241266567

Simon B. Goldberg, Ashley D. Kendall, Matthew J. Hirshberg, Cortland J. Dahl, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Richard J. Davidson, Bethany C. Bray

{"title":"Is Dosage of a Meditation App Associated With Changes in Psychological Distress? It Depends on How You Ask","authors":"Simon B. Goldberg, Ashley D. Kendall, Matthew J. Hirshberg, Cortland J. Dahl, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Richard J. Davidson, Bethany C. Bray","doi":"10.1177/21677026241266567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241266567","url":null,"abstract":"Despite growing popularity, associations between dosage and outcomes in meditation-app interventions have not been established. We examined this relationship using a range of operationalizations of dosage (e.g., minutes of use, days of use, number and type of activities completed) and strategies for modeling outcomes (e.g., ordinary least squares regression, multilevel modeling, latent class analysis). We used data from a recently completed randomized controlled trial that tested a meditation app ( N = 662; 80.4% with elevated depression/anxiety) that included psychological distress as its preregistered primary outcome. Across 41 models, whether an association was detected and the shape and direction of this association varied. Although several models indicated that higher dosage was associated with larger decreases in psychological distress, many models failed to show this relationship, and some even showed the opposite. These results may have implications for optimizing and studying dosage in meditation apps and for open-science practices.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Bayesian Longitudinal Network Analysis of Panic-Disorder Symptoms and Respiratory Biomarkers 恐慌症症状与呼吸系统生物标志物的贝叶斯纵向网络分析

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241263330

Galen P. Cassidy, Mikael Rubin, Santiago Papini, Michael J. Telch

{"title":"A Bayesian Longitudinal Network Analysis of Panic-Disorder Symptoms and Respiratory Biomarkers","authors":"Galen P. Cassidy, Mikael Rubin, Santiago Papini, Michael J. Telch","doi":"10.1177/21677026241263330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241263330","url":null,"abstract":"The network theory of psychopathology is gaining popularity as a conceptualization of psychological disorders that may aid the identification of mechanisms of therapeutic change. However, many existing networks do not consider other relevant variables beyond the symptoms themselves. We present a large-scale ( n = 1,873), longitudinal Bayesian network analysis of panic disorder using the symptom items from the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and two respiratory biomarkers (respiration rate and end-tidal CO2) collected during routine monitoring of a capnometry-guided respiratory intervention (CGRI). Our findings offer support for avoidance and fear of panic as drivers of subsequent panic-disorder symptoms over the 4-week course of treatment. Moreover, respiration rate but not end-tidal CO2 was associated with downstream PDSS symptoms. These findings provide further evidence supporting the role of respiratory biomarkers in the maintenance of panic disorder and some support for normalization of dysfunctional breathing as one therapeutic mechanism governing CGRI.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Identity Mapping and Psychotic Disorders: Understanding the Relationships Between Social Identity Features, Self-Esteem, and Quality of Life 社会身份映射与精神障碍：了解社会身份特征、自尊和生活质量之间的关系

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241263522

Maev Conneely, Domenico Giacco, Lauren M. Hickling, Stefan Priebe, Janelle M. Jones

引用次数: 0

Do Polygenic Indices Capture “Direct” Effects on Child Externalizing Behavior Problems? Within-Family Analyses in Two Longitudinal Birth Cohorts 多基因指数是否能捕捉到对儿童外化行为问题的 "直接 "影响？两个纵向出生队列的家庭内分析

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241260260

Peter T. Tanksley, Sarah J. Brislin, Jasmin Wertz, Ronald de Vlaming, Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak, Travis T. Mallard, Laurel L. Raffington, Richard Karlsson Linnér, Philipp Koellinger, Abraham A. Palmer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Irwin D. Waldman, Danielle Dick, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, K. Paige Harden

{"title":"Do Polygenic Indices Capture “Direct” Effects on Child Externalizing Behavior Problems? Within-Family Analyses in Two Longitudinal Birth Cohorts","authors":"Peter T. Tanksley, Sarah J. Brislin, Jasmin Wertz, Ronald de Vlaming, Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak, Travis T. Mallard, Laurel L. Raffington, Richard Karlsson Linnér, Philipp Koellinger, Abraham A. Palmer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Irwin D. Waldman, Danielle Dick, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, K. Paige Harden","doi":"10.1177/21677026241260260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241260260","url":null,"abstract":"Failures of self-control can manifest as externalizing behaviors (e.g., aggression, rule-breaking) that have far-reaching negative consequences. Researchers have long been interested in measuring children’s genetic risk for externalizing behaviors to inform efforts at early identification and intervention. Drawing on data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study ( N = 862 twins) and the Millennium Cohort Study ( N = 2,824 parent–child trios), two longitudinal cohorts from the United Kingdom, we leveraged molecular genetic data and within-family designs to test for genetic associations with externalizing behavior that are not affected by common sources of environmental influence. We found that a polygenic index (PGI) calculated from genetic variants discovered in previous studies of self-controlled behavior in adults captures direct genetic effects on externalizing problems in children and adolescents when evaluated with rigorous within-family designs (βs = 0.13–0.19 across development). The PGI for externalizing behavior can usefully augment psychological studies of the development of self-control.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing Midlife-Onset Alcohol Dependence: Implications for Etiology, Prevention, and Healthy Aging 中年酒精依赖症的特征：对病因学、预防和健康老龄化的影响

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241260249

Lara Khalifeh, Avshalom Caspi, Kallisse R. Dent, HonaLee Harrington, Madeline H. Meier, Richie Poulton, Sandhya Ramrakha, Terrie E. Moffitt, Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd

{"title":"Characterizing Midlife-Onset Alcohol Dependence: Implications for Etiology, Prevention, and Healthy Aging","authors":"Lara Khalifeh, Avshalom Caspi, Kallisse R. Dent, HonaLee Harrington, Madeline H. Meier, Richie Poulton, Sandhya Ramrakha, Terrie E. Moffitt, Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd","doi":"10.1177/21677026241260249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241260249","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the developmental epidemiology of midlife-onset alcohol dependence (AD) in the Dunedin Study ( N = 1,037), a population-representative cohort followed across 5 decades. At ages 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, and 45, past-year AD prevalence was 11.0%, 18.4%, 13.6%, 8.1%, 9.6%, and 11.3%, respectively. As expected, relative to never-diagnosed individuals, individuals with early onset AD (first diagnosis at age 18 or age 21, prevalence = 22.9%) were distinguished by a range of early life and adult correlates. Individuals with midlife-onset AD (first diagnosis at age 38 or age 45, prevalence = 5.6%) were distinguished by fewer early life correlates, but exhibited a family history of AD and adolescent dysregulation and marijuana use. They were characterized by an array of adult correlates, including internalizing disorders, mental-health-treatment contact, criminal behavior, perceived stress, coping by drinking, lower likelihood of marriage and parenthood, and reduced preparedness for old age. They also experienced more adult alcohol-related impairment than the early onset group. Results can guide efforts to reduce midlife alcohol-related problems and support healthy aging.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Hierarchical Model of the Symptom-Level Structure of Psychopathology in Youth 青少年精神病理学症状层次结构的层次模型

IF 4.8 2区医学

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241257852

Miriam K. Forbes, Ashley L. Watts, Maddison Twose, Angelique Barrett, Jennifer L. Hudson, Heidi J. Lyneham, Lauren McLellan, Nicola C. Newton, Gemma Sicouri, Cath Chapman, Anna McKinnon, Ronald M. Rapee, Tim Slade, Maree Teesson, Kristian Markon, Matthew Sunderland

{"title":"A Hierarchical Model of the Symptom-Level Structure of Psychopathology in Youth","authors":"Miriam K. Forbes, Ashley L. Watts, Maddison Twose, Angelique Barrett, Jennifer L. Hudson, Heidi J. Lyneham, Lauren McLellan, Nicola C. Newton, Gemma Sicouri, Cath Chapman, Anna McKinnon, Ronald M. Rapee, Tim Slade, Maree Teesson, Kristian Markon, Matthew Sunderland","doi":"10.1177/21677026241257852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241257852","url":null,"abstract":"More comprehensive modeling of psychopathology in youth is needed to facilitate a developmentally informed expansion of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. In this study, we examined a symptom-level model of the structure of psychopathology in children and adolescents—most aged 11 to 17 years—bringing together data from large clinical, community, and representative samples ( N = 18,290) covering nearly all major forms of mental disorders and related content domains (e.g., aggression). The resulting hierarchical and dimensional model was based on the points of convergence among three statistical approaches and included 15 narrow dimensions nested under four broad dimensions of (a) internalizing, (b) externalizing, (c) eating pathology, and (d) uncontrollable worry, obsessions, and compulsions. We position these findings within the context of the existing literature and articulate implications for future research. Ultimately, these findings add to the rapidly growing literature on the structure of psychopathology in youth and move a step closer toward quantifying (dis)continuities in psychopathology’s structure across the life span.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0