{"title":"The Link Between Low Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies","authors":"Samantha Krauss, Laura C. Dapp, U. Orth","doi":"10.1177/21677026221144255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221144255","url":null,"abstract":"In this meta-analysis, we synthesized the available longitudinal evidence on prospective effects between self-esteem and eating pathology (i.e., restrained eating, bulimic behavior, binge eating, eating concern, negative body image, and drive for thinness). The analyses were based on 48 independent samples, including 19,187 participants. Mean age was 19.3 years (range = 7–48). As effect-size measure, we used standardized regression coefficients, controlled for prior levels of the predicted variables. Results suggested reciprocal prospective effects between low self-esteem and eating pathology. Self-esteem negatively predicted total eating pathology over time (β = −.08), and total eating pathology negatively predicted self-esteem over time (β = −.09). Overall, results for specific categories of eating pathology were similar. Moderator analyses indicated that the effects did not differ across age, gender, sample type (clinical vs. nonclinical), and time lag between assessments. In sum, the results support a reciprocal relations model of low self-esteem and eating disorders.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80452474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Memory Wars Then and Now: The Contributions of Scott O. Lilienfeld","authors":"S. Lynn, R. McNally, E. Loftus","doi":"10.1177/21677026221133034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221133034","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, honoring Scott O. Lilienfeld, we reflect on key conflicts, controversies, and flash points in the so-called memory wars that have captured headlines, affected legislative action, and influenced civil suits and criminal trials. We trace the memory wars, beginning in the 1990s to the present. From the outset, the memory wars featured debates regarding repressed memories, recollections of trauma, and the hazards of memory recovery therapy, and these disagreements persist today in controversies concerning dissociative amnesia, beliefs about memory, suggestive psychotherapies, and the genesis of dissociative identity disorder (DID). We acknowledge Lilienfeld’s contributions, particularly to the sociocognitive model of DID, reviewed in the second half of the article, and to a recent transtheoretical framework that contrasts sharply with the posttraumatic view of DID. The memory wars greatly enhanced scientific understanding of memory, trauma, iatrogenic psychotherapies, and dissociative disorders. We conclude with suggestions for future research to deepen understanding of issues stimulated by the memory wars.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"725 - 743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90368808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carol Chu, Chelsey R. Wilks, T. Joiner, P. Gutierrez
{"title":"Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Correlates of Interrupted and Aborted Suicide Attempts Among U.S. Active Duty Service Members Seeking Treatment for Suicidal Symptoms","authors":"Carol Chu, Chelsey R. Wilks, T. Joiner, P. Gutierrez","doi":"10.1177/21677026221150499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221150499","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined suicide attempts (SAs), interrupted SAs, and aborted SAs and their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with suicide-related correlates among high-risk active duty service members. Service members receiving suicide-related treatment completed measures at baseline (N = 1,044) and a 3-month follow-up (n = 758). Multivariate analysis of variance and regression models were used to evaluate differences between SA groups (SAs, interrupted and/or aborted SAs, no SAs) in baseline suicide-related correlates (suicidal thoughts, thwarted belongingness, anxiety sensitivity, insomnia symptoms, alcohol use, hopelessness, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms) and severity of suicidal thoughts and presence of SAs at follow-up. Results revealed that service members with interrupted and/or aborted SAs (and no prior SAs) reported significantly more severe baseline PTSD hyperarousal symptoms and were more likely to report an SA at follow-up, compared with service members who had prior SAs. Study findings highlight the importance of considering interrupted and aborted SAs when evaluating suicide risk among high-risk service members.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"863 - 878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82782116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Devendorf, Sarah E. Victor, J. Rottenberg, Rose Miller, Stephen P. Lewis, J. Muehlenkamp, Dese'Rae L Stage
{"title":"Stigmatizing Our Own: Self-Relevant Research (Me-Search) Is Common but Frowned Upon in Clinical Psychological Science","authors":"A. Devendorf, Sarah E. Victor, J. Rottenberg, Rose Miller, Stephen P. Lewis, J. Muehlenkamp, Dese'Rae L Stage","doi":"10.1177/21677026221141655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221141655","url":null,"abstract":"How often do clinical psychologists have a lived experience with, or close connection, to their research? Does the field of psychology accept this “me-search”? We undertook the first investigation of self-relevant research (aka “me-search”) and attitudes toward self-relevant researchers in a representative North American sample ( N = 1,776) of faculty, graduate students, and other individuals affiliated with doctoral programs in clinical, counseling, and school psychology. More than 50% of participants had conducted self-relevant research, and those from minoritized backgrounds were more likely to conduct self-relevant research. When judging experimentally manipulated vignettes, participants who had not engaged in self-relevant research made more stigmatizing judgments of self-relevant research and self-relevant research disclosure than did those who engaged in self-relevant research. Psychologists and trainees had more negative attitudes toward self-relevant research on mental health topics (suicide, depression, schizophrenia) than physical health topics (cancer). We discuss how prejudice toward self-relevant research and mental illness negatively impacts ongoing diversity and inclusion efforts from within clinical psychological science.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79248560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sociopolitical Values as the Deep Culture in Culturally-Competent Psychotherapy","authors":"R. Redding, Cory L. Cobb","doi":"10.1177/21677026221126688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221126688","url":null,"abstract":"Although the consideration of client and therapist values is thought to be a core component of culturally-competent psychotherapy, sociopolitical attitudes and values (SPAVs) have been almost entirely neglected in the cultural competence literature. On the basis of research over the last several decades in behavior genetics, neuroscience, and personality and social psychology, we argue that SPAVs often play a substantial role in people’s self-concept, behaviors, relationships, and life choices. Thus, cultural competence requires that therapists consider the ways in which the SPAVs of the client and therapist, and the interaction between them, can affect therapeutic processes and outcomes. We provide recommendations for taking SPAVs into account in clinical practice, training, and research.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"666 - 682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76804550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth A. McNeilly, Kathryn L. Mills, Lauren E. Kahn, Ryann Crowley, Jennifer H. Pfeifer, Nicholas B. Allen
{"title":"Adolescent Social Communication Through Smartphones: Linguistic Features of Internalizing Symptoms and Daily Mood","authors":"Elizabeth A. McNeilly, Kathryn L. Mills, Lauren E. Kahn, Ryann Crowley, Jennifer H. Pfeifer, Nicholas B. Allen","doi":"10.1177/21677026221125180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221125180","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents’ increasing use of smartphone technology has led to unprecedented opportunities to identify early indicators of shifting mental health. This intensive longitudinal study examined the extent to which differences in mental health and daily mood are associated with digital social communication in adolescence. In a sample of 30 adolescents (ages 11–15 years), we analyzed 22,152 messages from social media, email, and texting across 1 month. Lower daily mood was associated with linguistic features reflecting self-focus and reduced temporal distance. Adolescents with lower daily mood tended to send fewer positive emotion words on a daily basis and more total words on low-mood days. Adolescents with lower daily mood and higher depression symptoms tended to use more future-focus words. Dynamic linguistic features of digital social communication that relate to changes in mental states may be a novel target for passive detection of risk and early intervention in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary D Cohen, Robert J DeRubeis, Rachel Hayes, Edward R Watkins, Glyn Lewis, Richard Byng, Sarah Byford, Catherine Crane, Willem Kuyken, Tim Dalgleish, Susanne Schweizer
{"title":"The development and internal evaluation of a predictive model to identify for whom Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) offers superior relapse prevention for recurrent depression versus maintenance antidepressant medication.","authors":"Zachary D Cohen, Robert J DeRubeis, Rachel Hayes, Edward R Watkins, Glyn Lewis, Richard Byng, Sarah Byford, Catherine Crane, Willem Kuyken, Tim Dalgleish, Susanne Schweizer","doi":"10.1177/21677026221076832","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21677026221076832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is highly recurrent, even following successful pharmacological and/or psychological intervention. We aimed to develop clinical prediction models to inform adults with recurrent depression choosing between antidepressant medication (ADM) maintenance or switching to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Using data from the PREVENT trial (<i>N</i>=424), we constructed prognostic models using elastic net regression that combined demographic, clinical and psychological factors to predict relapse at 24 months under ADM or MBCT. Only the ADM model (discrimination performance: AUC=.68) predicted relapse better than baseline depression severity (AUC=.54; one-tailed DeLong's test: <i>z</i>=2.8, <i>p</i>=.003). Individuals with the poorest ADM prognoses who switched to MBCT had better outcomes compared to those who maintained ADM (48% vs. 70% relapse, respectively; superior survival times [<i>z</i>=-2.7, <i>p</i>=.008]). For individuals with moderate-to-good ADM prognosis, both treatments resulted in similar likelihood of relapse. If replicated, the results suggest that predictive modeling can inform clinical decision-making around relapse prevention in recurrent depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9153424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whitney R Ringwald, Michael N Hallquist, Alexandre Y Dombrovski, Aidan G C Wright
{"title":"Personality (Dys)Function and General Instability.","authors":"Whitney R Ringwald, Michael N Hallquist, Alexandre Y Dombrovski, Aidan G C Wright","doi":"10.1177/21677026221083859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221083859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans adapt to a dynamic environment while maintaining psychological equilibrium. Systems theories of personality hold that generalized processes control stability by regulating how strongly a person reacts to various situations. Research shows there are higher-order traits of general personality function (Stability) and dysfunction (general personality pathology; GPP), but whether or not they capture individual differences in reactivity is largely theoretical. We tested this hypothesis by examining how general personality functioning manifests in everyday life in two samples (<i>N</i>s=205; 342 participants and 24,920; 17,761 observations) that completed an ambulatory assessment protocol. Consistent with systems theories, we found (1) there is a general factor reflecting reactivity across major domains of functioning, and (2) reactivity is strongly associated with Stability and GPP. Results provide insight into how people fundamentally adapt (or not) to their environments, and lays the foundation for more practical, empirical models of human functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"106-120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9949732/pdf/nihms-1760723.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9454219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca B Price, Fabio Ferrarelli, Colleen Hanlon, Claire M Gillan, Tae Kim, Greg J Siegle, Meredith L Wallace, Marlee Renard, Rachel Kaskie, Michelle Degutis, Anna Wears, Vanessa Brown, Manivel Rengasamy, Susanne E Ahmari
{"title":"Resting-State Functional Connectivity Differences Following Experimental Manipulation of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Two Directions via Theta-Burst Stimulation.","authors":"Rebecca B Price, Fabio Ferrarelli, Colleen Hanlon, Claire M Gillan, Tae Kim, Greg J Siegle, Meredith L Wallace, Marlee Renard, Rachel Kaskie, Michelle Degutis, Anna Wears, Vanessa Brown, Manivel Rengasamy, Susanne E Ahmari","doi":"10.1177/21677026221103136","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21677026221103136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compulsive behaviors (CBs) have been linked to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function in animal and human studies. However, brain regions function not in isolation but as components of widely distributed brain networks-such as those indexed via resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). Sixty-nine individuals with CB disorders were randomized to receive a single session of neuromodulation targeting the left OFC-intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) or continuous TBS (cTBS)-followed immediately by computer-based behavioral \"habit override\" training. OFC seeds were used to quantify RSFC following iTBS and following cTBS. Relative to cTBS, iTBS showed increased RSFC between right OFC (Brodmann's area 47) and other areas, including dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), occipital cortex, and a priori dorsal and ventral striatal regions. RSFC connectivity effects were correlated with OFC/frontopolar target engagement and with subjective difficulty during habit-override training. Findings help reveal neural network-level impacts of neuromodulation paired with a specific behavioral context, informing mechanistic intervention development.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10085574/pdf/nihms-1806827.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maureen Zalewski, Sihong Liu, Megan Gunnar, Liliana J Lengua, Philip A Fisher
{"title":"Mental-Health Trajectories of U.S. Parents With Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Universal Introduction of Risk.","authors":"Maureen Zalewski, Sihong Liu, Megan Gunnar, Liliana J Lengua, Philip A Fisher","doi":"10.1177/21677026221083275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221083275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parents of young children were a subgroup of the population identified early in the pandemic as experiencing significant mental-health symptoms. Using a longitudinal sample of 3,085 parents from across the United States who had a child or children age 0 to 5, in the present study, we identified parental mental-health trajectories from April to November 2020 predicted by pre-COVID-19 cumulative risk and COVID-19-specific risk factors. Both growth-mixture modeling and latent-growth-curve modeling were used to test the relationship between risk factors and parent mental health. Pre-COVID-19 cumulative risk and COVID-19-specific risks of financial strain, decreased employment, and increased family conflict were salient risk factors predicting poor mental-health trajectories across both modeling approaches. These finding have public-health implications because prolonged exposure to mental-health symptoms in parents constitutes a risk factor for child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"183-196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9892531/pdf/10.1177_21677026221083275.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9083310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}