Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Presence, Severity, and Functional Associations of Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome","authors":"David Roalf,&nbsp;Ally Atkins,&nbsp;Adam Czernuszenko,&nbsp;Margaret K. Pecsok,&nbsp;Donna M. McDonald-McGinn,&nbsp;J. Eric Schmitt,&nbsp;Maxwell J. Roeske,&nbsp;Sarah Hopkins,&nbsp;Phoebe Freedman,&nbsp;Aaron Alexander-Bloch,&nbsp;Jenna Schabdach,&nbsp;Benjamin Jung,&nbsp;T. Blaine Crowley,&nbsp;R. Sean Gallagher,&nbsp;Daniel E. McGinn,&nbsp;Paul J. Moberg,&nbsp;Kosha Ruparel,&nbsp;Russell T. Shinohara,&nbsp;Bruce I. Turetsky,&nbsp;Lauren White,&nbsp;Raquel E. Gur","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The hippocampus is smaller and functionally disrupted in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), but the cause remains unclear. During gestational weeks 20 to 30, an inversion in the dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis occurs. This process can go awry, resulting in incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI). In the general population, IHI is more common in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere; however, its prevalence, severity, and functional impact in 22q11DS remain unexplored. Investigating IHI in 22q11DS could uncover morphological hippocampal abnormalities linked to neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging data, the presence and severity of IHI were assessed in individuals with 22q11DS (<em>n</em> = 108) and healthy comparison participants (HCs) (<em>n</em> = 633). Total and subregional hippocampal volumes, psychopathology, and hippocampal-based memory were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IHI prevalence was significantly higher in individuals with 22q11DS compared with HCs in both the left (63% vs. 30%, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and right (29% vs. 8%, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) hemispheres. IHI severity was also greater in participants with 22q11DS (<em>p</em> &lt; .001) bilaterally. IHI influenced hippocampal volume differences, with left IHI primarily affecting the head (<em>p</em> &lt; .01) and tail (<em>p</em> &lt; .001) and right IHI affecting only the tail (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). In exploratory analyses within participants with 22q11DS, left IHI presence was linked to poorer face memory (<em>p</em> &lt; .05) but not to psychopathology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight a high prevalence of hippocampal morphological alterations in 22q11DS, which are associated with memory performance. Earlier developmental and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the role of IHI in 22q11DS sequelae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1091-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma From the Eye of the Beholder: Reporter Discordance in Children’s Trauma, Psychopathology, and Neurobiology","authors":"John McClellan France,&nbsp;Shaurel Amaria Valbrun,&nbsp;Lana Ruvolo Grasser,&nbsp;Charis Wiltshire,&nbsp;Sattvik Basarkod,&nbsp;William M. Davie,&nbsp;Mariam H. Reda,&nbsp;Sophie A. George,&nbsp;Sterling Winters,&nbsp;Bekh Bradley-Davino,&nbsp;Anaïs F. Stenson,&nbsp;Sanne J.H. van Rooij,&nbsp;Jennifer S. Stevens,&nbsp;Ana M. Daugherty,&nbsp;Tanja Jovanovic","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood trauma is a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most research has relied on caregiver (i.e., parent or legal guardian) reports of child trauma. In this study, we investigated the impact of reporter (child vs. caregiver) in assessing neurobiological correlates of trauma and PTSD in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two independent samples of youths (original sample: <em>N</em> = 76, 47% female, mean [SD] age = 9.39 [0.492] years; replication sample: <em>N</em> = 98, 51% female, mean [SD] age = 9.38 [0.089]) and their caregivers were interviewed regarding the children’s trauma exposure and PTSD severity. Youths in the original sample were assessed for fear-potentiated startle (FPS) during fear conditioning and bilateral amygdala reactivity during an emotional faces functional magnetic resonance imaging task. To assess reporter effects, effect sizes and directions of associations between interview measures and neurobiological correlates were compared using multiple linear regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children’s self-reported trauma exposure was associated with children’s self-reported PTSD severity (original sample: β = 0.55, <em>p</em> &lt; .001; replication sample: β = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; .01), while caregivers’ reports of child’s trauma exposure were not associated with children’s self-reported PTSD severity (original sample: β = −0.01, <em>p</em> = .99; replication sample: β = 0.07, <em>p</em> = .57). Children’s self-report of PTSD severity was positively associated with FPS (original sample: β = 0.29, <em>p</em> &lt; .05) and amygdala reactivity (original sample: β = 0.39, <em>p</em> &lt; .05), while caregivers’ reports of their children’s PTSD were not (<em>p</em>s &gt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that the reporter’s perspective may influence associations between trauma, PTSD, and their neurobiological correlates. Child report rather than caregiver report may better align with the child’s perceived experience and therefore better predict underlying neurobiology. These findings support the inclusion of children’s self-reports of trauma and PTSD when investigating candidate biomarkers of PTSD vulnerability in trauma-exposed youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1167-1176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granularity of Emotions in Brain and Behavior and Resilience to Childhood Violence Exposure","authors":"David G. Weissman,&nbsp;Shafi Rubbani,&nbsp;Stephanie N. DeCross,&nbsp;Steven W. Kasparek,&nbsp;Katie A. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study identified behavioral and neural indices of the specificity of emotion representations in adolescents’ brains and assessed their association with resilience to childhood violence exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty 13- to 18-year-old adolescents with variable exposure to violence viewed emotion-eliciting videos and rated how angry, disgusted, sad, scared, and upset they felt. Sixty-nine participants viewed the same videos in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner, once while labeling their emotions and once while counting the number of people.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Emotion labeling (vs. counting) led to greater blood oxygen level–dependent activation in the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Based on representational similarity analysis, if 2 stimuli elicited more similar patterns of activation within those brain regions, those stimuli had more similar emotion ratings, suggesting that encoding of emotion categories within these brain regions is reflected in their activation patterns. Moreover, emotion differentiation measured behaviorally and the mean neural dissimilarity across all stimulus pairs for each participant each moderated the association between violence exposure and psychopathology such that the association between violence exposure and psychopathology was weaker in individuals with greater emotion differentiation and neural dissimilarity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The granularity of emotions reflected in adolescents’ brains and behavior contributes to resilience and therefore may serve as a target for preventive interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1157-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the Triple Network Hypothesis: From Simplified Dominance to Context-Specific Stress Dynamics","authors":"Birgit Derntl,&nbsp;Lydia Kogler","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1045-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00237-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00237-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Page A1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148916159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Heterogeneity of White Matter Morphometry in Psychiatric Disorders","authors":"Ashlea Segal,&nbsp;Robert E. Smith,&nbsp;Sidhant Chopra,&nbsp;Stuart Oldham,&nbsp;Linden Parkes,&nbsp;Kevin Aquino,&nbsp;Seyed Mostafa Kia,&nbsp;Thomas Wolfers,&nbsp;Barbara Franke,&nbsp;Martine Hoogman,&nbsp;Christian F. Beckmann,&nbsp;Lars T. Westlye,&nbsp;Ole A. Andreassen,&nbsp;Andrew Zalesky,&nbsp;Ben J. Harrison,&nbsp;Christopher G. Davey,&nbsp;Carles Soriano-Mas,&nbsp;Narcís Cardoner,&nbsp;Jeggan Tiego,&nbsp;Murat Yücel,&nbsp;Alex Fornito","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interindividual variability in the neurobiological and clinical characteristics of mental illnesses are often overlooked by classical group-mean case-control studies. Studies using normative modeling to infer person-specific deviations of gray matter volume have indicated that group means are not representative of most individuals. The extent to which this variability is present in white matter morphometry, which is integral to brain function, remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied warped Bayesian linear regression<span><span><span> normative models<span> to T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data and mapped interindividual variability in person-specific white matter volume (WMV) deviations in 1294 cases (58% male) diagnosed with one of 6 disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, </span></span>bipolar disorder, </span>major depressive disorder<span>, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia) and 1465 matched control participants (54% male) recruited across 25 scan sites. We developed a framework to characterize deviation heterogeneity on multiple spatial scales from individual voxels through interregional connections, specific brain regions, and spatially extended brain networks.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The specific locations of WMV deviations were highly heterogeneous across participants, affecting the same voxel in fewer than 8% of individuals with the same diagnosis. For autism<span> and schizophrenia, negative deviations (i.e., areas where volume is lower than normative expectations) aggregated into common tracts, regions, and large-scale networks in up to 69% of individuals.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The prevalence of WMV deviations was lower than previously observed in gray matter, and the specific location of these deviations was highly heterogeneous when considering voxelwise spatial resolution. Evidence of aggregation within common pathways and networks was apparent in schizophrenia and autism but not in other disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1110-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Interthalamic Adhesion Morphology in Schizophrenia: Associations With Aging, Neuropsychological Functioning, and Atypical Hippocampal Development","authors":"Zachary Bergson,&nbsp;Maxwell J. Roeske,&nbsp;Baxter P. Rogers,&nbsp;Anna S. Huang,&nbsp;Victoria Fox,&nbsp;Stephan Heckers,&nbsp;Neil D. Woodward","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The interthalamic adhesion (IA) is a midline structure connecting the left and right thalamus that typically develops during the second trimester of pregnancy. Missing and smaller IA have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, and subtle deficits in cognition. However, the findings are inconsistent, and the association between IA and other anatomical variants linked to atypical brain development in schizophrenia, including incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The presence/absence and morphology of IA were ascertained on structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance images obtained at 3T in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) (<em>n</em> = 223) and healthy individuals (<em>n</em> = 194) and compared between groups. Associations between IA morphology, cognitive function, and IHI were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of missing IA was 1.7% and did not differ between groups. IA was significantly smaller in the SSD group (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). However, follow-up analyses revealed that smaller IA size in SSD was due to a significant diagnosis × age interaction characterized by a stronger negative age effect in SSD. IHI was significantly more common in individuals with missing IA. Neurocognition was not correlated with IA size when controlling for age and diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Stronger effects of age on IA size in SSDs suggests that abnormal IA size measured during adulthood may not be a reliable static indicator of atypical neurodevelopment but may reflect disease progression or accelerated aging. Missing IA was rare in our sample. Conversely, missing IA was associated with IHI, suggesting a shared neurodevelopmental disruption during the second trimester.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1101-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multimodal Neurodemographic Signature for Immunometabolic Depression","authors":"Zhaowen Nie,&nbsp;Simeng Ma,&nbsp;Zipeng Deng,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Enqi Zhou,&nbsp;Lijun Kang,&nbsp;Lihua Yao,&nbsp;Qian Gong,&nbsp;Lihong Bu,&nbsp;Zhili Niu,&nbsp;Zhongchun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The underlying neurobiology of a recently described subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD), immunometabolic depression (IMD), characterized by low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We integrated multimodal neuroimaging (structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and demographic data from 145 patients with MDD and 68 healthy control (HC) participants. After defining a composite IMD score derived from C-reactive protein, body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by principal component analysis, we implemented a binary classification task using machine learning to distinguish high IMD score (IMD group, <em>n</em> = 37) from low IMD score (non-IMD group, <em>n</em> = 37) subgroups. Structural MRI (cortical thickness and gray matter volume), resting-state functional MRI (regional homogeneity [ReHo]/fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations [fALFF]), and demographic covariates were integrated as predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The multimodal model showed promise in distinguishing the IMD group from the non-IMD group (mean ± SD cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.826 ± 0.098). Furthermore, its performance appeared somewhat more pronounced for within-MDD subtyping compared with differentiating MDD from HC participants (mean cross-validated AUCs of 0.647 ± 0.151 for non-IMD group vs. HC group and 0.741 ± 0.111 for IMD group vs. HC group), indicating subtype specificity. Key predictors included right amygdala volume and functional activity (ReHo/fALFF) in the hippocampus and midcingulate cortex. Clinically, the IMD group exhibited significantly higher anhedonia (<em>p</em> = .04), but lower somatic symptom scores (<em>p</em> &lt; .05), compared with the non-IMD group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our analysis shows that IMD is characterized by a distinct, multimodal neurodemographic signature involving corticolimbic circuitry. This signature demonstrates high specificity for unraveling MDD heterogeneity and is clinically linked to anhedonia, supporting the potential for biologically informed patient stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1062-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow Oscillation–Sleep Spindle Coupling Is Associated With Expectancy Measures of Fear Extinction Retention in Trauma-Exposed Individuals","authors":"Dan Denis,&nbsp;Ryan Bottary,&nbsp;Tony J. Cunningham,&nbsp;Per Davidson,&nbsp;Cagri Yuksel,&nbsp;Mohammed R. Milad,&nbsp;Edward F. Pace-Schott","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be characterized as a disorder of fear learning and memory in which there is a failure to retain memory for the extinction of conditioned fear. Sleep has been implicated in successful extinction retention. The coupling of sleep spindles to slow oscillations (SOs) during non–rapid eye movement sleep has been shown to broadly underpin sleep’s beneficial effect on memory consolidation. However, the role of this oscillatory coupling in the retention of extinction memories is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a large sample of 124 trauma-exposed individuals, we investigated SO-spindle coupling in relation to fear extinction memory.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that participants with a PTSD diagnosis, relative to trauma-exposed control participants, showed significantly altered SO-spindle timing, such that participants with PTSD exhibited spindle coupling farther away from the peak of the SO. Across participants, the amount of coupling significantly predicted extinction retention, with coupled spindles uniquely predicting successful extinction retention compared with uncoupled spindles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that SO-spindle coupling is critical for successful retention of extinguished fear and that SO-spindle coupling dynamics are altered in PTSD. These alterations in the mechanics of sleep may have substantial clinical implications, meriting further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1177-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ups and Downs of Brain Stress: Extending the Triple Network Hypothesis","authors":"Gina-Isabelle Henze,&nbsp;Marina Giglberger,&nbsp;Christoph Bärtl,&nbsp;Julian Konzok,&nbsp;Maja Neidhart,&nbsp;Tabea Krause,&nbsp;Emin Serin,&nbsp;Lea Waller,&nbsp;Hannah L. Peter,&nbsp;Ludwig Kreuzpointner,&nbsp;Nina Speicher,&nbsp;Fabian Streit,&nbsp;Ilya M. Veer,&nbsp;Peter Kirsch,&nbsp;Thomas E. Nichols,&nbsp;Brigitte M. Kudielka,&nbsp;Stefan Wüst,&nbsp;Susanne Erk,&nbsp;Henrik Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This preregistered functional magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to test and possibly extend the triple network hypothesis of psychosocial stress processing, positing that responses in the salience network (SN) and the default mode network (DMN) dominate at the expense of the central executive network (CEN). Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that stress-related responses in SN and DMN structures are associated with hormonal, cardiovascular, and affective stress responses, while CEN and DMN structures are associated with task performance. We also examined sex-specific associations between neural and stress-induced cortisol, heart rate, and negative affect responses as well as task performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We reviewed all psychosocial stress studies and conducted a mega-analysis of Scan<em>STRESS</em> datasets (<em>n</em> = 459; 222 female) with harmonized preprocessing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings advanced the original hypothesis, revealing activations and deactivations across all 3 networks, related in a complex way to cortisol, heart rate, negative affect, and performance parameters. Additionally, we identified a novel age effect of increasing DMN activation with age, replicated an exposure-time effect of decreasing activation with duration, showed sex-specific patterns, and confirmed the involvement of all networks by task-based connectivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on our findings we suggest a new, differentiated triple network hypothesis of psychosocial stress processing. Reactivity in SN and DMN structures is associated with hormonal, cardiovascular, and affective stress responses, whereas CEN and DMN structures process the stress-eliciting tasks. Moreover, the age effect may indicate that the ability to downregulate the DMN is reduced with age. Finally, we suggest that the exposure-time effect (decreasing signal within Scan<em>STRESS</em>) may be a promising resilience biomarker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 9","pages":"Pages 1141-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}