Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Challenging the Assumption That Autistic People Lack a Theory of Mind","authors":"Morton Ann Gernsbacher","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1001-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Electroencephalography Microstate in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ágota Vass ,&nbsp;Kinga Farkas ,&nbsp;Orsolya Lányi ,&nbsp;Tamás Kói ,&nbsp;Gábor Csukly ,&nbsp;János M. Réthelyi ,&nbsp;Máté Baradits","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Electroencephalography microstates are promising biomarkers for psychiatric conditions, although prior meta-analyses mainly focused on schizophrenia (SCH) and mood disorders. This study expands the analysis to a wider range of mental disorders, examining microstate variations across the psychosis and mood spectra and assessing medication effects in SCH.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search, identifying 24 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Analyses were performed across 2 psychiatric subgroups: psychotic disorders and mood disorders. We further conducted a subgroup analysis within the SCH spectrum to examine differences in microstate properties between medicated and unmedicated patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Microstate C demonstrated a significant increase in coverage and occurrence in patients with SCH, first-episode psychosis, and high risk of psychosis and increased duration in SCH. The absence of increased occurrence in medicated patients with SCH suggests that this feature may be state dependent or modulated by treatment. In contrast, microstate D exhibited significant decreases in duration and coverage in unmedicated patients with SCH, indicating potential links with acute psychotic states.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that microstates C and D could serve as potential biomarkers in SCH, with microstate D alterations linked to acute psychotic symptoms and microstate C potentially reflecting a chronic course or treatment effects. These results emphasize the clinical potential of microstate analysis in psychotic disorder diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The literature on microstate variations in neurodevelopmental and mood disorders is limited, highlighting the need for further research to determine their biomarker potential in these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1015-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Development of the Hurst Exponent in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Preschoolers With Autism","authors":"Annika C. Linke ,&nbsp;Bosi Chen ,&nbsp;Lindsay Olson ,&nbsp;Michaela Cordova ,&nbsp;Molly Wilkinson ,&nbsp;Tiffany Wang ,&nbsp;Meagan Herrera ,&nbsp;Madison Salmina ,&nbsp;Adriana Rios ,&nbsp;Judy Mahmalji ,&nbsp;Tess Do ,&nbsp;Jessica Vu ,&nbsp;Michelle Budman ,&nbsp;Alexis Walker ,&nbsp;Inna Fishman","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Atypical balance of excitation (E) and inhibition (I) in the brain is thought to contribute to the emergence and symptomatology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). E/I ratio can be estimated from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the Hurst exponent, <em>H</em>. A recent study reported decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) <em>H</em> in male adults with ASD. Part of the default mode network (DMN), the vmPFC plays an important role in emotion regulation, decision making, and social cognition. It frequently shows altered function and connectivity in individuals with autism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study presents the first fMRI evidence of altered early development of vmPFC <em>H</em> and its link to DMN functional connectivity and emotional control in toddlers and preschoolers with ASD. A total of 83 children (45 with ASD), ages 1.5–5 years, underwent natural sleep fMRI as part of a longitudinal study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In a cross-sectional analysis, vmPFC <em>H</em> decreased with age in children with ASD, reflecting increasing E/I ratio, but not in typically developing children. This effect remained significant when controlling for gestational age at birth, socioeconomic status, or ethnicity. The same pattern was also observed in a subset of children with longitudinal fMRI data acquired 2 years apart on average. Lower vmPFC <em>H</em> was also associated with reduced functional connectivity within the DMN as well as with higher emotional control deficits (although only significant transdiagnostically).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest an early onset of E/I imbalances in the vmPFC in ASD, with likely consequences for the maturation of the DMN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1037-1044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Association Between Neural Activity and Genetic Expressions of Impulsivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study","authors":"Soohyun Jeon ,&nbsp;Jae-eon Kang ,&nbsp;Jundong Hwang ,&nbsp;Vince D. Calhoun ,&nbsp;Jong-Hwan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Impulsivity in highly heritable attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been studied using neural activity via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or genetic data, but rarely with multivariate methods that link both. We investigated coupled neural activity and gene expression signatures, using parallel independent component analysis (pICA) and ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Children with ADHD (<em>n</em> = 394; 63% male) and healthy control children (<em>n</em> = 1000; 47% male) of European ancestry were included. The participants were randomly divided into 80% discovery and 20% replication datasets with demographic stratification. We analyzed neural activity and gene expressions from the discovery datasets using pICA and extracted paired independent components (pICs). The loading coefficients of the pICs were utilized to predict behavioral and cognitive data for a stop signal task (SST) in replication datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 3 pICs estimated from gene expression in the cortex, cerebellum, and nucleus accumbens. Significant neural activity was mainly localized to the orbital/inferior/middle frontal gyri, rectal gyrus, precuneus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and cerebellum. Significant gene components were associated with immunoglobulin-, taste receptor–, and immunity-related terms and overlapped with ADHD-related genes. The extracted fMRI-/gene-ICs were significantly correlated with mean reaction time, stop signal reaction time on the SST, and behavioral inhibition, with a large boost in sensitivity when both the paired fMRI-/gene-ICs and their interaction were used in a multimodal regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We reported biologically plausible pairs of neural activity and gene sets using pICA, which were significantly associated with ADHD impulsivity–related behavioral and cognitive data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1078-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Computational Mechanisms of Uncertainty Processing Explain Opposing Exploratory Behaviors in Anxiety and Apathy","authors":"Xinyuan Yan ,&nbsp;R. Becket Ebitz ,&nbsp;Nicola Grissom ,&nbsp;David P. Darrow ,&nbsp;Alexander B. Herman","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Decision making in uncertain environments can lead to varied outcomes, and how we process those outcomes may depend on our emotional state. Understanding how individuals interpret the sources of uncertainty is crucial for understanding adaptive behavior and mental well-being. Uncertainty can be broadly categorized into 2 components: volatility and stochasticity. Volatility describes how quickly conditions change. Stochasticity, on the other hand, refers to outcome randomness. We investigated how anxiety and apathy influenced people’s perceptions of uncertainty and how uncertainty perception shaped explore-exploit decisions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 1001, nonclinical sample) completed a restless 3-armed bandit task that was analyzed using both latent state and process models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individuals with anxiety perceived uncertainty as resulting more from volatility, leading to increased exploration and learning rates, especially after reward omission. Conversely, individuals with apathy viewed uncertainty as more stochastic, resulting in decreased exploration and learning rates. The perceived volatility to stochasticity ratio mediated the anxiety-exploration relationship post adverse outcomes. Dimensionality reduction showed exploration and uncertainty estimation to be distinct but related latent factors shaping a manifold of adaptive behavior that is modulated by anxiety and apathy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings reveal distinct computational mechanisms for how anxiety and apathy influence decision making, providing a framework for understanding cognitive and affective processes in neuropsychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 954-963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difficult-to-Treat Anxiety: A Neurocomputational Framework","authors":"Martin P. Paulus ,&nbsp;Murray B. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anxiety disorders, affecting approximately 1 in 9 individuals globally, impose significant socioeconomic and health burdens, with many individuals failing to achieve symptom remission despite standard treatments. Difficult-to-treat anxiety (DTA) encompasses a broad spectrum of persistent anxiety disorders that remain refractory to conventional interventions, necessitating a shift from rigid response-based criteria to a mechanistically driven framework that integrates computational psychiatry<span><span><span> and systems neuroscience. Dysregulated approach-avoidance decision making, where heightened punishment sensitivity, inflexible belief updating, and uncertainty misestimation drive persistent avoidance </span>behaviors and reinforce maladaptive anxiety cycles, is central to DTA. Computational modeling of reinforcement learning tasks reveals exaggerated Pavlovian biases and impaired exploratory learning, while predictive processing models highlight overestimation of threat and rigidity in safety learning, perpetuating chronic anxiety. Neural dysfunction in default mode and negative affective networks, characterized by hyperstable attractor states in the </span>amygdala<span> and impaired top-down regulation by the prefrontal cortex<span><span>, further sustains maladaptive anxiety states. Novel interventions that target these dysfunctions—such as neuromodulation<span>, precision pharmacotherapy, and personalized digital therapeutics—offer potential breakthroughs in managing DTA. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on computational, neural, and behavioral mechanisms that underlie DTA and propose an integrative, process-targeted approach to assessment and treatment. Future research must refine biomarker-driven subtyping and individualized interventions, moving beyond trial-and-error approaches toward mechanistically informed precision </span></span>psychiatry for persistent anxiety disorders.</span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 918-925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subscribers' Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(25)00231-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(25)00231-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 9","pages":"Page A2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(25)00234-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(25)00234-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages A5-A10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Links Between the Developmental Timing of Adversity Exposure and White Matter Tract Connectivity in Adulthood","authors":"Lucinda M. Sisk ,&nbsp;Taylor J. Keding ,&nbsp;Emily M. Cohodes ,&nbsp;Sarah McCauley ,&nbsp;Jasmyne C. Pierre ,&nbsp;Paola Odriozola ,&nbsp;Sahana Kribakaran ,&nbsp;Jason T. Haberman ,&nbsp;Sadie J. Zacharek ,&nbsp;Hopewell R. Hodges ,&nbsp;Camila Caballero ,&nbsp;Gillian Gold ,&nbsp;Audrey Y. Huang ,&nbsp;Ashley Talton ,&nbsp;Dylan G. Gee","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span>Early-life adversity is pervasive worldwide and represents a potent risk factor for increased mental health burden across the lifespan. However, there is substantial individual heterogeneity in associations between adversity exposure, neurobiological changes, and mental health problems. Accounting for key features of adversity such as the developmental timing of exposure may clarify associations between adversity, </span>neurodevelopment, and mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the current study, we leveraged sparse canonical correlation analysis to characterize modes of covariation between adversity exposure across development and the connectivity of white matter tracts throughout the brain in a sample of 107 adults.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>We found that adversity exposure during preschool age and middle childhood (ages 4–5 and 8 years in particular) were consistently linked across diffusion metrics with alterations in white matter tract connectivity. Whereas tracts supporting sensorimotor functions showed higher connectivity with higher preschool-age and middle childhood adversity exposure, tracts supporting cortico-cortical communication showed lower connectivity. Furthermore, latent patterns of tract connectivity associated with adversity experienced across preschool age and middle childhood (ages 3–8) were associated with </span>posttraumatic stress symptoms in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings underscore that adversity exposure may differentially affect white matter in a function- and developmental timing–specific manner and suggest that adversity experienced from ages 3 to 8 years may shape the development of white matter tracts across the brain in ways that are relevant for mental health in adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 964-977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Alexithymia Hypothesis of Autism Revisited: Alexithymia Modulates Social Brain Activity During Facial Affect Recognition in Autistic Adults","authors":"Simon Kirsch ,&nbsp;Simon Maier ,&nbsp;Muyu Lin ,&nbsp;Simón Guendelman ,&nbsp;Christian Kaufmann ,&nbsp;Isabel Dziobek ,&nbsp;Ludger Tebartz van Elst","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and alexithymia are linked to difficulties in facial affect recognition (FAR) together with differences in social brain activity. According to the alexithymia hypothesis, difficulties in emotion processing in ASD can be attributed to increased levels of co-occurring alexithymia. Despite substantial evidence supporting the hypothesis at the behavioral level, the effects of co-occurring alexithymia on brain function during FAR remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 120 participants (60 ASD, 60 control) who completed an FAR task were analyzed using functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures. The task included both explicit and implicit measures of FAR. Autistic participants were further categorized based on their alexithymia status. Group differences in FAR performance and associated brain activation were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Autistic participants showed lower FAR performance than control participants, regardless of alexithymia status. Imaging revealed 3 cortical clusters with reduced activation in participants with alexithymia compared with ASD participants without alexithymia during explicit FAR, including the left inferior parietal gyrus, cuneus, and middle temporal gyrus. During implicit FAR, ASD participants with alexithymia showed 3 cortical clusters of increased activation, including the left precentral gyrus, right precuneus, and temporoparietal junction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study shows an unexpected dissociation between behavior and brain response: While ASD affects FAR performance, only co-occurring alexithymia modulates corresponding social brain activations. Although not supporting the alexithymia hypothesis on the behavioral level, the study highlights the complex relationship between ASD and co-occurring alexithymia, emphasizing the significance of co-occurring conditions in understanding emotion processing in ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 988-997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}