Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Sex-Specific Cortical Brain Differences in Children at Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder","authors":"Kathrine Skak Madsen ,&nbsp;William F.C. Baaré ,&nbsp;Enedino Hernandez-Torres ,&nbsp;Kit Melissa Larsen ,&nbsp;Adam Kaminski ,&nbsp;Line Korsgaard Johnsen ,&nbsp;Nicoline Hemager ,&nbsp;Maja Gregersen ,&nbsp;Julie Marie Brandt ,&nbsp;Mette Falkenberg Krantz ,&nbsp;Nanna Weye ,&nbsp;Anne Søndergaard ,&nbsp;Aja Neergaard Greve ,&nbsp;Christina Bruun Knudsen ,&nbsp;Anna Krogh Andreassen ,&nbsp;Lotte Veddum ,&nbsp;Torben E. Lund ,&nbsp;Ole Mors ,&nbsp;Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup ,&nbsp;Leif Østergaard ,&nbsp;Hartwig R. Siebner","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Familial high risk (FHR) is the strongest predictor of developing schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Children at FHR uniquely allow for the identification of early brain markers of vulnerability. Previous studies have often spanned wide age ranges and neglected sex differences, despite evidence of distinct sex-specific brain developmental trajectories. We investigated sex-specific group differences in brain morphometry among 11- to 12-year-old children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 278 children from VIA 11 (the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study): 101 FHR-SZ (51 boys), 64 FHR-BP (32 boys), and 113 population-based control (PBC) (57 boys) children. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on 3T scanners at 2 sites. Brain volume, cortical volume, surface area, and cortical thickness were extracted using FreeSurfer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant group-by-sex interactions were observed for brain, cortical, and intracranial volume and surface area (η² = 0.030–0.038, <em>p</em> = .006–.016). Boys at FHR-SZ exhibited smaller brain, cortical, and intracranial volume and surface area than PBC boys (Cohen’s <em>d</em> = −0.677 to −0.489, <em>p</em> = .001–.015). Girls at FHR-BP had larger brain and cortical volumes than PBC girls (Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 0.525 to 0.537, <em>p</em> = .017–.020). No significant differences were observed for cortical thickness (<em>p</em> &gt; .210).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP exhibited sex-specific morphometric differences, potentially reflecting sex-specific endophenotypic markers of risk. Given the smaller size of the FHR-BP group, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, our findings underscore the importance of considering sex as a factor in neurodevelopmental psychiatric research. Longitudinal studies are needed to track how these neuroanatomical differences evolve over time and to evaluate their predictive value for transition to SZ or BP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 5","pages":"Pages 535-545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Connectivity Gradients Reveal Altered Hierarchical Cortical Organization in Functional Neurological Disorder","authors":"Christiana Westlin ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Guthrie ,&nbsp;Cristina Bleier ,&nbsp;Sara A. Finkelstein ,&nbsp;Julie Maggio ,&nbsp;Jessica Ranford ,&nbsp;Julie MacLean ,&nbsp;Ellen Godena ,&nbsp;Daniel Millstein ,&nbsp;Jennifer Freeburn ,&nbsp;Caitlin Adams ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Stephen ,&nbsp;Ibai Diez ,&nbsp;David L. Perez ,&nbsp;Yuta Katsumi","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroimaging studies of functional neurological disorder (FND), a core neuropsychiatric condition, often rely on discrete connections or parcellations that may obscure the brain’s functional network architecture. In this study, we applied a gradient-based approach to examine macroscale cortical organization in FND.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 64 patients with mixed FND (FND-mixed), 61 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants (HCs), and 62 psychiatric control participants (PCs) matched on age, sex, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity. Functional connectivity gradients were computed to capture dominant axes of cortical organization. Between-group comparisons were conducted for the top 3 gradients, and associations with symptom severity were investigated. Subtype-specific patterns in functional motor disorder (<em>n</em> = 49) and functional seizure (<em>n</em> = 24) were also examined. Analyses controlled for age, sex, antidepressant use, and head motion and were post hoc adjusted for depression, anxiety, and PTSD severity, as well as for childhood maltreatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The FND-mixed group showed alterations across all 3 gradients compared with HCs and PCs. Gradient 1 revealed increased values in sensorimotor regions, reflecting a shift toward more association-like connectivity. Gradient 2 showed altered differentiation between sensory systems. Gradient 3 exhibited reduced functional separation between representational and modulatory regions, with prominent shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex. Several regions displaying between-group differences also showed correlations with FND and somatic symptom severity. Exploratory analyses revealed overlapping and distinct patterns across subtypes versus control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We provide novel evidence of atypical hierarchical brain organization in FND, highlighting gradient-based approaches for identifying mechanistically relevant altered functional brain organization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 5","pages":"Pages 597-609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Pubertal and Brain Development, and Internalizing Problems in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Investigation","authors":"Dimitris I. Tsomokos ,&nbsp;Katie A. McLaughlin ,&nbsp;Sarah Whittle ,&nbsp;Elvisha Dhamala ,&nbsp;Mitul A. Mehta ,&nbsp;Divyangana Rakesh","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with alterations in brain development and youth psychopathology risk. However, the mechanisms linking SES to neurodevelopment remain unclear. We tested whether pubertal timing and tempo mediate the association between SES and cortical thinning in adolescence and whether these neurobiological processes predict socioeconomic disparities in internalizing symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 2949) (1474 females) were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (ages 10–14 years). Latent growth models tested whether pubertal development mediated the relationship between SES (operationalized as household income-to-needs ratio) and cortical thickness development. A second model tested associations with internalizing symptoms at age 14. These pathways were investigated for males and females separately in both global and region-specific models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In females, low SES was associated with earlier pubertal timing and slower tempo (standardized β = −0.23 and β = 0.30, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), which predicted faster and slower cortical thinning, respectively. Overall, low SES was associated with faster cortical thinning (β = 0.33, <em>p</em> &lt; .012), partially mediated through earlier timing (β = 0.20, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and slower tempo (β = −0.18, <em>p =</em> .001) of pubertal development. These opposing pathways were observed for both global and regional cortical measures in areas associated with social cognition, emotion regulation, and self-referential processing. Earlier pubertal timing and faster cortical thinning partially mediated the link between SES and internalizing problems. In males, no significant indirect effects were observed globally, with few regional effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that pubertal development mediates the link between disadvantage and cortical development, in turn predicting adolescent psychopathology. These pathways may represent targets for early intervention in socioeconomically disadvantaged youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 5","pages":"Pages 555-569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Deficits to Strengths: How Individual Differences in Neurodevelopment May Reflect Adaptations to Environmental Context","authors":"Amar Ojha ,&nbsp;Arielle S. Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 5","pages":"Pages 501-503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face Processing in School-Age Preterm Children: Assessing Neural Sensitivity to Facial Identity and Expression Using Frequency-Tagging Electroencephalography","authors":"Tiffany Tang ,&nbsp;Matthijs Moerkerke ,&nbsp;Nicky Daniels ,&nbsp;Stephanie Van der Donck ,&nbsp;Jean Steyaert ,&nbsp;Gunnar Naulaers ,&nbsp;Kaat Alaerts ,&nbsp;Els Ortibus ,&nbsp;Bart Boets","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm (PT) birth is associated with important social vulnerabilities that can have long-term implications and may result in psychopathology (e.g., autism spectrum disorder). A recurring preterm behavioral phenotype has been described, although these difficulties may often be subtle and subclinical. As face processing is crucial for social interactions, and several studies have reported impaired face-processing performance in PT populations, we hypothesized that face-processing difficulties may contribute to or be a part of these social difficulties. Here, we investigated neural sensitivity to crucial sociocommunicative facial cues in school-age PT children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-nine 8- to 12-year-old PT children born between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation and 38 term-born matched control children performed a series of innovative facial identity and expression discrimination frequency-tagging electroencephalography paradigms. More specifically, we evaluated the neural sensitivity to implicitly and automatically discriminate a different facial identity among a stream of identical faces, as well as an expressive face (fearful and happy, in separate sequences) among a stream of neutral faces.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found intact implicit facial identity and expression processing in both groups. Unexpectedly, PT participants showed a significantly greater neural sensitivity toward these subtle sociocommunicative facial cues. Correlations with neonatal measures such as gestational age and birth weight showed that this greater neural sensitivity was uniformly present among the PT group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The evidence suggests that impaired neural sensitivity to facial cues may not be the primary cause of the behavioral face-processing and social difficulties often encountered in PT children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 5","pages":"Pages 505-514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Neural Basis of Sensory Phenotypes in Autism","authors":"Matthew Kolisnyk ,&nbsp;Kathleen Lyons ,&nbsp;Eun Jung Choi ,&nbsp;Marlee M. Vandewouw ,&nbsp;Bobby Stojanoski ,&nbsp;Evdokia Anagnostou ,&nbsp;Azadeh Kushki ,&nbsp;Rob Nicolson ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Kelley ,&nbsp;Stelios Georgiades ,&nbsp;Jason Lerch ,&nbsp;Jennifer Crosbie ,&nbsp;Russell Schachar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ayub ,&nbsp;Jessica Jones ,&nbsp;Paul Arnold ,&nbsp;Xudong Liu ,&nbsp;Ryan Stevenson","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Differences in sensory processing are a defining characteristic of autism, affecting up to 87% of autistic individuals. These differences cause widespread perceptual changes that can negatively impact cognition, development, and daily functioning. Our research identified 5 sensory processing phenotypes with varied behavioral presentations; however, their neural basis remains unclear. In this study, we aim to ground these sensory phenotypes in unique patterns of functional connectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 146 autistic participants from the POND Network (Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders Network). We classified participants into 5 sensory phenotypes using k-means clustering of scores from the Short Sensory Profile. We computed functional connectivity matrices from functional magnetic resonance imaging data across 200 cortical and 32 subcortical regions and calculated graph-theoretical measures (betweenness centrality, strength, local efficiency, and clustering coefficient) to assess information exchange between these regions. We then trained machine learning models to use these measures to classify between all pairs of sensory phenotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our sample was clustered into 5 sensory phenotypes. The machine learning models distinguished 7 of the 10 total pairs of sensory phenotypes using graph-theoretical measures (<em>p</em> &lt; .005). Information exchange within and between the somatomotor network, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, and subcortical areas was predictive of sensory phenotype.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sensory phenotypes in autism correspond to differences in functional connectivity across cortical, subcortical, and network levels. These findings support the view that variability in sensory processing is reflected in measurable neural patterns and motivate continued work to refine models of sensory processing, with the goal of better understanding and capturing the heterogeneity implicit in autism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 5","pages":"Pages 524-534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Myelin in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Longitudinal T1-Weighted/T2-Weighted Ratio Study","authors":"Lillian M. Dipnall ,&nbsp;Ian Fuelscher ,&nbsp;Joseph Y.M. Yang ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Craig ,&nbsp;Vicki Anderson ,&nbsp;Daryl Efron ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Silk","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research has demonstrated a broad network of dysfunction across the brain in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggesting the potential role of white matter (WM) organization. In this study, we sought to estimate the developmental trajectories of brain WM myelination in children with ADHD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Neuroimaging and clinical data were collected as part of a longitudinal community-based pediatric cohort (<em>N</em>_scans = 400; 195 with ADHD; age range = 9–14 years). Brain WM myelin was examined for 71 WM tracts across 3 time points using the T1-weighted (T1w)/T2-weighted (T2w) ratio. Tracts were defined via a deep learning–based automated tractography method, performed on participant diffusion-weighted images. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses were conducted to examine group differences in T1w/T2w ratio values. In addition to this, voxelwise analysis was undertaken at each time point.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Brainwide, children with ADHD were found to exhibit the same developmental profile as children without ADHD for WM myelin. No group effects were seen at a cross-sectional or longitudinal level. Consistent with previous work, modeling suggests nonlinear developmental increases with age across most tracts. This nonlinear relationship was characterized by a positive parabolic or U-shaped developmental trajectory.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate that there may not be distinct differences in the development of brain WM myelination between children with and without ADHD. However, this suggests that previously reported differences in ADHD brain WM development may be attributable to properties other than myelin, such as fiber architecture and axon diameter. This further informs the understanding of brain development and highlights the need for more multimodal longitudinal work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 416-422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Presynaptic Density Reveals Stress-Associated Synaptic Deficits Related to Behavioral and Molecular Alterations in Rats","authors":"Ruth H. Asch ,&nbsp;Nira Hernandez Martin ,&nbsp;Rolando Garcia-Milian ,&nbsp;Krista Fowles ,&nbsp;Ralph J. DiLeone ,&nbsp;Zhengxin Cai ,&nbsp;Conor M. Liston ,&nbsp;Irina Esterlis","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preclinical research indicates that chronic stress can induce synaptic loss in corticolimbic brain regions regulating mood and cognition. Presynaptic density can now be measured in vivo using radioligands targeting synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) and positron emission tomography (PET). We conducted the first in vivo PET study to investigate chronic stress–induced synaptic density changes in rats and examined correlates with behavior and protein expression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male and female Long Evans rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) (<em>n</em> = 24/sex) and compared with controls (<em>n</em> = 12/sex). Sucrose preference and novel object recognition (NOR) were used to assess stress-related behavioral phenotypes. PET with [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 was used to measure synaptic density in a subset of rats (<em>n</em> = 8–9/group/sex). Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal proteins were quantified via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (<em>n</em> = 5/group/sex), followed by pathway analysis and linear regression to examine molecular profiles associated with CUS and correlated with synaptic density as measured by PET.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Synaptic density was lower in the PFC of CUS rats relative to controls (<em>d</em> = 0.94, <em>p</em> = .012) and correlated with sucrose preference (<em>r</em> = 0.35, <em>p</em> = .042). Synaptic density was also lower in the hippocampus (<em>d</em> = 0.55, <em>p</em> = .017), which correlated with NOR (<em>r</em> = 0.35 <em>p</em> = .045). Differentially expressed proteins were enriched for transcriptional regulation and metabolic pathways. Proteins implicated in synaptogenesis and neurodegeneration were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with synaptic density.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We demonstrated that [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 PET can be used for in vivo quantification of synaptic density in a rodent model of chronic stress. Therefore, this method can facilitate translational research investigating synaptic mechanisms in stress-related pathology and treatment response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 463-475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Estradiol Timing and Tempo, Brain Development, and Mental Health Problems in Adolescent Females","authors":"Muskan Khetan ,&nbsp;Nandita Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;Ye Ella Tian ,&nbsp;Sarah Whittle","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Earlier timing and faster tempo of puberty have been associated with altered brain development and increased mental health problems in adolescents, particularly females. However, the role of estradiol (E2) in these associations is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using longitudinal data from the U.S.-based ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study, we investigated whether, in females (<em>n</em> ∼3000), E2 timing (at age 10) and tempo (rate of change from ages 10–12 years) were prospectively associated with mental health problems at age 13 via structural brain development from ages 10 to 12. Linear mixed-effects models and Bayesian mediation models were fitted to investigate the aims of the study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings showed that E2 timing was not associated with mental health problems. However, earlier E2 timing was associated with a greater reduction in total cortical volume, total surface area, and surface area in the superior and middle temporal cortices over time. Furthermore, a faster E2 tempo was associated with an increase in mental health problems, and this association was mediated by a faster reduction in total cortical volume and total surface area over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that earlier E2 timing and faster E2 tempo contribute to accelerated development of gray matter structure in adolescent females, and for E2 tempo, such associated brain changes may partly contribute to increased mental illness risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 395-405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Deep Brain Stimulation and Dopaminergic Therapy on Intrinsic Preference for Free Choice in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"David Bendetowicz ,&nbsp;Gizem Temiz ,&nbsp;Nicolas Tempier ,&nbsp;Elodie Hainque ,&nbsp;Marie-Laure Welter ,&nbsp;Virginie Czernecki ,&nbsp;Brian Lau ,&nbsp;Carine Karachi ,&nbsp;Jérôme Munuera","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Humans prefer to make choices freely, even when doing so does not maximize future outcomes, which suggests that free choice is intrinsically rewarding. While value-based decision impairments are well documented in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the mechanisms that underlie intrinsically motivated behavior remain unclear. In this study, we investigated how the dopaminergic (DAergic) and basal ganglia systems contribute to intrinsic reward in PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We designed a decision-making task to dissociate the intrinsic value of free choice from extrinsic reward. Twenty PD patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and 25 on DA therapy completed the task both while ON and OFF treatment. Performance was compared with 20 age-matched healthy control participants. We analyzed DBS electrode contacts, modeled activated tissue volumes, and examined cortico-subthalamic connectivity using high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PD patients OFF STN-DBS showed reduced preference for free choice, which increased when STN-DBS was ON. This effect was associated with recruitment of the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Acute ON/OFF DA therapy did not alter free-choice preference. However, patients with lower chronic DA doses—comparable to those in the DBS group—exhibited reduced free-choice preference compared with patients with higher chronic intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>STN-DBS enhances free-choice preference by modulating the right mPFC-STN network, suggesting that this hyperdirect pathway influences intrinsic valuation of choice. These results indicate that STN-DBS promotes self-determined behavior even in risky contexts. Furthermore, chronic DAergic therapy may influence sensitivity to intrinsic reward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 485-495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}