Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Neural Correlates of Maternal Posttraumatic Stress in the First Postpartum Year: Blunted Salience and Prefrontal Responses to Infant Distress","authors":"Rebecca Lipschutz,&nbsp;Kristina Dahlgren,&nbsp;Justin Santos,&nbsp;Kareem Chambers,&nbsp;Ellie McAfee,&nbsp;Catherine Abrams,&nbsp;Natalie Merrill,&nbsp;Patricia A. Brennan,&nbsp;James K. Rilling,&nbsp;Vasiliki Michopoulos,&nbsp;Abigail Powers,&nbsp;Jennifer S. Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked with dysfunction in neural circuitry supporting threat reactivity (amygdala, insula) and emotion regulation (ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC]). These same regions are activated in response to infant cues and associated with sensitive parenting, crucial for positive child outcomes, and potentially disrupted in the context of maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Intergenerational transmission of PTSD risk has been demonstrated, yet the neural correlates of maternal PTSS to infant distress remain untested.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Trauma-exposed mothers completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and a caregiving interaction coded for maternal sensitivity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted during an infant cry task (<em>N</em> = 77) at 8 to 12 weeks postpartum and at 10 to 12 months (<em>n</em> = 31). Whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses examined associations between PTSS and activation to mothers’ own infant cries versus control sounds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mothers with higher PTSS showed decreased activation to their own infant’s cry in salience (insula, amygdala, and hypothalamus) and regulatory (vmPFC, superior medial frontal gyrus) regions. Lower insula activation was related to lower maternal sensitivity. Improvements in PTSS across the first year postpartum correlated with increases in right amygdala activation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated maternal PTSS was linked with blunted neural responses in regions critical for threat detection, processing infant emotional cues, and supporting sensitive caregiving. Exploratory longitudinal findings demonstrate malleable amygdala reactivity across the postpartum period. These results provide novel evidence for neural mechanisms underlying maternal PTSS and caregiving in postpartum women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages 1250-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13189008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Cerebellar Volumetrics in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An ENIGMA-OCD Study","authors":"Srinivas Balachander,&nbsp;Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy,&nbsp;Venkataram Shivakumar,&nbsp;Yoshinari Abe,&nbsp;Pino Alonso,&nbsp;Lea L. Backhausen,&nbsp;Nerisa Banaj,&nbsp;Marcelo C. Batistuzzo,&nbsp;Francesco Benedetti,&nbsp;Irene Bollettini,&nbsp;Beatrice Bravi,&nbsp;Silvia Brem,&nbsp;Carolina Cappi,&nbsp;Ritu Bhusal Chhatkuli,&nbsp;Sunah Choi,&nbsp;Patrícia Coelho,&nbsp;Ana Daniela Costa,&nbsp;Sara Dallaspezia,&nbsp;Damiaan Denys,&nbsp;Juliana B. Diniz,&nbsp;Y.C. Janardhan Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although subtle differences in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit structure and function are critical to the current understanding of the neurocircuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), emerging evidence suggests that the cerebellum may also be involved. However, much of this evidence comes from studies with small samples and notable methodological heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a mega-analysis of individual-participant data on cerebellar subregional volumes, comparing individuals with OCD and healthy controls (HCs) from the ENIGMA-OCD Working Group. Three-dimensional T1-weighted volumetric structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 1954 individuals with OCD and 2091 HCs across 22 sites (40 datasets) were processed using the ACAPULCO (Automatic Cerebellum Anatomical parcellation using U-Net Locally Constrained Optimization) pipeline to extract cerebellar parcellations. We harmonized the volume measures across sites using the ComBat algorithm. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to estimate group differences separately within the pediatric (&lt;12 years), adolescent (12–17 years), and adult (from 18 years) samples, adjusting for age, gender, and intracranial volume.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In adults with OCD (vs. HCs), we found significantly smaller volumes of the corpus medullare (<em>d</em> = −0.093, false discovery rate (FDR)–corrected <em>p</em> = .036), left VIIb (<em>d</em> = −0.085, <em>p</em>_FDR = .039) and right VIIb (<em>d</em> = −0.091, <em>p</em>_FDR = .036). None of the comparisons between children or adolescents with OCD versus HCs remained statistically significant after FDR correction. In all 3 age groups, cerebellar (subregional) volumes were significantly moderated by medication status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We report novel findings implicating specific cerebellar subregions across developmental stages of OCD and the key impact of medication status. Additional research on the functional significance of these findings may offer new translational leads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages 1229-1237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147273363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subscribers' Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00266-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00266-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Page A2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149096665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Adaptive Side of Avoidance: Implications for Safety Learning and Exposure Therapy","authors":"Matthias F.J. Sperl","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages 1204-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149096520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibrating the Maternal Brain: From Individual Differences to Systems-Level Interventions","authors":"Lana Ruvolo Grasser","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages 1199-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149096518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocannabinoids Mediate Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Prediction of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Moderated by Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Black and African American Individuals","authors":"Emily A. Albertina,&nbsp;Lucas Torres,&nbsp;Garrett Sauber,&nbsp;Cecilia J. Hillard,&nbsp;Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald,&nbsp;Terri A. deRoon-Cassini,&nbsp;Christine L. Larson","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals from marginalized ethnoracial groups face higher risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, exacerbated by experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination. Previous work separately explored the endocannabinoid (eCB) system and functional connectivity response to stress/trauma and suggested that experiences of chronic minority stress, such as racial discrimination, contribute to eCB tone and resting-state functional connectivity. We explored how circulating eCB tone, in conjunction with resting-state connectivity, contributes to increased risk for PTSD symptoms following trauma among individuals experiencing discrimination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Black/African Americans (<em>n</em> = 74; mean age = 33.81 years) were recruited from a level 1 trauma center. Correlational and linear models explored whether experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination (Perceived Ethnic Racial Discrimination Questionnaire), eCB (AEA [<em>N</em>-arachidonoylethanolamine], 2-AG [2-arachidonoylglycerol]) concentrations, default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity, or salience network (SN) functional connectivity were associated with PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5). Then, we explored moderated mediation models in which discrimination predicted PTSD symptoms with eCB concentration as a mediator and functional connectivity as a moderator.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Discrimination was correlated with PTSD symptoms (<em>r</em> = 0.50), serum AEA concentration (<em>r</em> = 0.43), and DMN connectivity (<em>r</em> = 0.23). When including urine Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, lifetime trauma, age, and sex as covariates, AEA concentration was associated with PTSD symptoms (<em>r</em> = 0.30) and DMN connectivity (<em>r</em> = 0.24). AEA mediated the relationship between discrimination and PTSD symptoms, and SN connectivity moderated this mediation (B = 52.46).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight how racial/ethnic discrimination impacts neurobiological systems that may lead to increased vulnerability for PTSD symptoms following an injury. Future work should continue to explore biological factors associated with the socioecological model of health as mechanisms of risk for adverse outcomes following trauma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages 1308-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar Functional Alterations During Executive Functioning Are Associated With General Psychopathology in a Cross-Diagnostic Sample","authors":"Adrienne L. Romer,&nbsp;Garrett Hosterman,&nbsp;Poornima Kumar,&nbsp;Diego A. Pizzagalli","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating evidence points to the cerebellum’s role in executive functioning (EF) and transdiagnostic psychopathology. A general psychopathology p-factor, capturing shared variation across mental disorders, has been associated with EF deficits and structural alterations within the posterior cerebellum. One hypothesis is that the cerebellum contributes to general psychopathology because of its role in executive dysfunctions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the University of California, Los Angeles Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics study including 257 adults (ages 21–50 years) who met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or were healthy control participants. We examined relationships between p-factor scores and cerebellar activation across participants during 3 fMRI tasks of working memory (spatial capacity), cognitive flexibility (task switching), and response inhibition (stop signal). Specificity analyses of cerebellar activation associated with internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorder factor scores were also conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Robust posterior cerebellar activation was identified during all 3 fMRI tasks. Higher p-factor scores were associated with poorer EF performance, greater activation of cerebellar crus I/II and lobule VIIIA/B with increasing working memory difficulty, and greater activation of lobules VI and VIIIA/B during successful inhibition (<em>R</em>² range = 0.078–0.108). Associations between cerebellar activation and internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorder factor scores were largely overlapping with associations with the p-factor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These novel results identify functional alterations within the posterior cerebellum during EF in individuals high in general psychopathology. Greater activation of the posterior cerebellum may be a transdiagnostic dysfunction reflecting inefficient information processing during EF present across disorder categories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages 1218-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00268-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00268-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages A6-A12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149096516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-State Theta/Beta Ratio Reveals Distinct Neural Signatures in High Sign-Tracking Individuals","authors":"Lorenzo Mattioni,&nbsp;Francesco di Gregorio,&nbsp;Marco Badioli,&nbsp;Claudio Danti,&nbsp;Luigi A.E. Degni,&nbsp;Gianluca Finotti,&nbsp;Francesca Starita,&nbsp;Giuseppe di Pellegrino,&nbsp;Sara Garofalo","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individual differences in reward learning and motivational processes are reflected in sign-tracking behavior. This phenotype, characterized by heightened attraction to reward-associated cues, is linked to increased impulsivity, addiction vulnerability, and externalizing psychiatric disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To identify underlying neural differences, we tested whether high sign-tracking individuals exhibited an elevated mid-frontal theta/beta ratio, a resting electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker indicating reduced cortical control over subcortical motivational circuits. Sixty volunteers completed a 5-minute resting-state EEG session followed by a Pavlovian learning task. Participants were classified into high or low sign-tracking groups based on objective eye-gaze metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High sign-tracking participants demonstrated a significantly higher mid-frontal theta/beta ratio compared with the low sign-tracking group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings identify the mid-frontal theta/beta ratio as a neural marker capable of distinguishing individual differences in reward cue reactivity. This suggests a pathway for targeted interventions aimed at the underlying cortical-subcortical dysregulation associated with sign-tracking and related vulnerabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Pages 1293-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145758732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00265-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00265-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 10","pages":"Page A1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149096572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}