自闭症学龄前儿童内侧前额叶皮层赫斯特指数的发展变化。

Annika C Linke, Bosi Chen, Lindsay Olson, Michaela Cordova, Molly Wilkinson, Tiffany Wang, Meagan Herrera, Madison Salmina, Adriana Rios, Judy Mahmalji, Tess Do, Jessica Vu, Michelle Budman, Alexis Walker, Inna Fishman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:大脑中异常的兴奋(E)和抑制(I)平衡被认为是导致自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)出现和症状的原因。E/I比率可通过静息状态功能磁共振成像(fMRI)的赫斯特指数(H)来估算。最近的一项研究报告称,患有 ASD 的男性成年人腹内侧前额叶皮层(vmPFC)的 H 值降低。作为默认模式网络(DMN)的一部分,vmPFC 在情绪调节、决策制定和社会认知方面发挥着重要作用。自闭症患者的vmPFC经常出现功能和连接性改变:本研究首次用fMRI技术证明了自闭症幼儿和学龄前儿童vmPFC H早期发育的改变及其与DMN功能连接(FC)和情绪控制的联系。作为纵向研究的一部分,83名1岁半至5岁的儿童(45名患有自闭症)接受了自然睡眠fMRI检查:在一项横断面分析中,随着年龄的增长,ASD儿童的vmPFC H值下降,这反映了E/I比值的增加,但在发育正常的儿童中却没有这种现象。在控制出生胎龄、社会经济地位或种族的情况下,这一效应仍然明显。在平均相隔两年获取纵向 fMRI 数据的儿童子集中也观察到了相同的模式。较低的vmPFC H进一步与DMN内的FC降低以及较高的情绪控制缺陷相关(尽管仅在转诊断中具有显著性):这些结果表明,在ASD患者中,vmPFC的E/I失衡很早就开始出现,并可能对DMN的成熟产生影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Altered development of the Hurst Exponent in medial prefrontal cortex in preschoolers with autism.

Background: Atypical balance of excitation (E) and inhibition (I) in the brain is thought to contribute to the emergence and symptomatology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). E/I ratio can be estimated from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the Hurst Exponent (H). A recent study reported decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) H in male adults with ASD. Part of the default mode network (DMN), vmPFC plays an important role in emotion regulation, decision making, and social cognition. It frequently shows altered function and connectivity in autistic individuals.

Methods: The current study presents the first fMRI evidence of altered early development of vmPFC H and its link to DMN functional connectivity (FC) and emotional control in toddlers and preschoolers with ASD. 83 children (n=45 ASD), ages 1½ - 5 years, underwent natural sleep fMRI as part of a longitudinal study.

Results: In a cross-sectional analysis, vmPFC H decreased with age in children with ASD, reflecting increasing E/I ratio, but not in typically developing children. This effect remained significant when controlling for gestational age at birth, socioeconomic status, or ethnicity. The same pattern was also observed in a subset of children with longitudinal fMRI data acquired two years apart on average. Lower vmPFC H was further associated with reduced FC within the DMN as well as with higher emotional control deficits (though only significant transdiagnostically).

Conclusions: These results suggest an early onset of E/I imbalances in vmPFC in ASD with likely consequences for the maturation of the DMN.

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