International Studies Review最新文献_第3页

The Methodological Machinery of Wargaming: A Path toward Discovering Wargaming’s Epistemological Foundations 战争游戏的方法论机制：探索战争游戏认识论基础之路

IF 3.3 1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viae002

David E Banks

{"title":"The Methodological Machinery of Wargaming: A Path toward Discovering Wargaming’s Epistemological Foundations","authors":"David E Banks","doi":"10.1093/isr/viae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viae002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a comprehensive research program for determining the epistemological foundations of analytic wargaming. Wargaming has been used in military, government, and private sectors for decades, with tens of millions of dollars spent annually on it. In light of the changing strategic circumstances of the twenty-first century, it has only become more popular. However, the epistemological foundations of the method are poorly understood. Many professional wargamers contend that wargaming is an “art” and thus unable to be systemically evaluated. Recent work by a small coterie of international relations scholars has contended that wargaming can be reconciled with social science, typically by evaluating wargaming according to experimental standards. However, this solution strips wargames of most of their unique features and cannot explain why some of the most prominent wargames in history produced meaningful results. In this paper, I argue that in the attempt to better understand wargaming’s epistemology, scholars should begin by recognizing the prominent features of wargames and research each of these to determine if and how wargames produce rigorous knowledge. In making this argument, I identify five distinct “methodological machineries” of wargaming—the recurring processes through which wargames may produce knowledge—that distinguish wargaming from other social science methods: (i) they are representative, (ii) they feature consequential decisions made by human players, (iii) they are adjudicated, (iv) they are immersive, and (v) they are bespoke designs. I show how each of these machineries offers potential opportunities and dangers in the production of knowledge through the method of wargaming. In outlining these distinct features, I offer a clear and viable research program for epistemologists of wargaming.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Triangulating the Legitimacy of International Organizations: Beliefs, Discourses, and Actions 三角测量国际组织的合法性:信念、话语和行动

IF 3.3 1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad054

Jens Steffek

{"title":"Triangulating the Legitimacy of International Organizations: Beliefs, Discourses, and Actions","authors":"Jens Steffek","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad054","url":null,"abstract":"It is commonplace to say that international organizations (IOs) face a legitimacy crisis because they are perceived as undemocratic, unaccountable, and inefficient. Plausible as it may seem, this still must count as a conjecture. In this article, I review the rapidly growing literature that has explored this connection empirically. I follow three strands of research that approach the legitimacy of IOs from different angles. The first strand explores individual beliefs through observational and experimental surveys. The second strand analyzes public discourses, mapping arguments deployed to (de-)legitimize IOs. The third strand studies political action related to legitimacy, such as protest voting, street demonstrations, and withdrawal of member states from IOs. The empirical evidence shows that citizens expect fair procedures and balanced outcomes also in international politics; that legitimation discourses revolve around democratic standards and not only performance; and that institutions respond to protests. It is less clear, however, how the three dimensions of (de-)legitimation interact. I argue that we need to triangulate them more systematically to see the connections between beliefs, arguments, and political action at work. I suggest in-depth case studies, sensitive to the context and content of legitimation debates, that cover these three dimensions and their interactions simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":" 666","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The International Recognition of Governments in Practice(s): Creatures, Mirages, and Dilemmas in Post-2011 Libya 政府在实践中的国际承认：2011年后利比亚的生物、幻影和困境

IF 3.3 1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad050

Irene Fernández-Molina

{"title":"The International Recognition of Governments in Practice(s): Creatures, Mirages, and Dilemmas in Post-2011 Libya","authors":"Irene Fernández-Molina","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad050","url":null,"abstract":"The international (non)recognition of governments is a composite macro practice that has grown in visibility in recent years in response to contentious domestic political processes such as coups d’état, revolutions, and civil wars, yet it remains understudied in international relations. Doctrinal debates in international law and foreign policy reveal the normative vacuum and normative competition that have long surrounded this phenomenon, but say little about its specific operation and effects. This article brings together insights from recognition theory and international practice theory, and uses post-2011 Libya as an in-depth case study, drawing on elite interviews with diplomats, international officials, and other practitioners. The aim is to sketch a new research agenda by building a generalizable typology of smaller-scale government recognition micro practices (declaratory, diplomatic, informal engagement, intergovernmental cooperation, and support practices), and uncovering their guiding logics and consequences. I argue that, first, the international (non)recognition of governments is endowed with a distinct generative power, as it produces its own creatures through a range of micro practices that have identity formation and change, material empowerment, political legitimation, and sovereignty line-drawing effects. Secondly, it is geopolitically inevitable, as external actors involved in a country cannot ultimately avoid engaging with territorially grounded domestic political actors. Thirdly, it is not a black-and-white situation, as it involves a broad variety of practices guided by different, often contradictory logics. Finally, international government recognition practices are likely to run into three dilemmas stemming from three tensions: international versus domestic recognition, legitimacy versus effectiveness, and coherence versus inclusivity in conflict mediation.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"64 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71524917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collective Memory, Contestations, and Global Politics 集体记忆、争论和全球政治

1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad049

Adarsh Badri

引用次数: 0

Civilian Agency in Civil War? Militia Formation and Diffusion in Mozambique 内战中的民间机构?莫桑比克民兵的形成和扩散

1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad044

I M R A N A BUBA

引用次数: 0

New Directions in the Study of Populism in International Relations 国际关系中民粹主义研究的新方向

1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad035

Angelos Chryssogelos, Erin K Jenne, Christopher David LaRoche, Bertjan Verbeek, Andrej Zaslove, Sandra Destradi, David Cadier, Fabrizio Coticchia, Federico Donelli, Christian Lequesne

引用次数: 0

“Eliding Joy” No More: Bringing Joy Back to Human Rights 不再“忽略快乐”:将快乐带回人权

1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad046

Tracy Hoffmann Slagter

引用次数: 0

What Is Christendom to Us? Making Better Sense of Christianity in Global Politics 基督教对我们来说是什么?在全球政治中更好地理解基督教

1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad051

John Heathershaw

{"title":"What Is Christendom to Us? Making Better Sense of Christianity in Global Politics","authors":"John Heathershaw","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract What is Christendom in international relations? We argue that Christendom does not equate to a long-lost historical empire but an enduring imaginary of a political order where government secures the church and the church ministers to government. Such imaginaries have taken a diverse range of historical and geographical forms, which have barely been explored in International Relations (IR). They may be state-centric or decentered. As intellectual historians of the discipline have demonstrated, international relations was founded on a Christendom ontology and theology, and then rapidly forgot that fact. One major feature of this forgetting is a narrow historical conception of Christendom—its equation with Latin Christendom—in contrast with the wealth of scholarship in the humanities, which has revealed various conceptual forms and discursive practices of Christendom from at least the fourth century CE to the present. The effect of this narrowness has been to confirm IR’s historical Eurocentrism and prevent it from exploring the international politics of Eurasian, Eastern Orthodox forms of Christendom, and signs of new imaginaries of Christendom emerging in the Global South. But such neo-Christendoms—which imagine government as re-centered on the church—raise the possibility of the emergence of modern variations of the legitimized violence associated with Latin Christendom. Alternative theologies of post-Christendom—imagining the church as politically active but decentered from government—indicate that such an imaginary is contested not just beyond but within Christian theology. The paper provides a new definition of Christendom and re-evaluation of its afterlives for the study of religion and theology in international relations.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135257863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deter, Disrupt, or Deceive: Assessing Cyber Conflict as an Intelligence Contest 威慑、干扰或欺骗:评估作为情报竞赛的网络冲突

1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad047

Gil Baram

引用次数: 1

Mobilization Constraints and Military Privatization: The Political Cost-Effectiveness of Outsourcing Security 动员约束与军事私有化:外包安全的政治成本效益

1区社会学

International Studies Review Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/isr/viad045

Matteo Mazziotti di Celso

引用次数: 0