{"title":"Aspectos críticos de la concepción de Piaget sobre los números","authors":"J. Navarro","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.788","url":null,"abstract":"De acuerdo con las teorias constructivistas de Piaget, para que los ninos pequenos aprendan matematicas, es necesario ensenarles primero los procesos logicos y su organizacion, puesto que estos serian “prerrequisitos” para la adquisicion del concepto de numero. De acuerdo con la reciente investigacion cientifica contrastada sobre aprendizaje de las matematicas, esta concepcion piagetiana de la adquisicion del numero en el nino no esta suficientemente justificada. Es claro que los escolares tienen mucho que aprender sobre aritmetica y su comprension del numero mejora con la edad y con el aprendizaje, pero eso no significa que carezcan de nociones numericas acertadas antes de llegar a la educacion infantil, incluso desde el nacimiento. Piaget diseno ingeniosos procedimientos para estudiar la adquisicion de los prerrequisitos del numero (seriacion, conservacion, correspondencia), pero lo que nos dice la investigacion empirica al respecto es que cuando a los ninos de 3 a 6 anos se les presentan situaciones analogas a las ideadas por Piaget, de caracteristicas no verbales, sus habilidades con los numeros progresan vertiginosamente. En este trabajo, a partir del experimento clasico de Piaget sobre la conservacion del numero, se analiza la teoria piagetiana de manera critica desde los resultados encontrados en experimentos paralelos.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67606773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rodríguez, Jorge Iván Ríos Patiño, Jacinta Lucía Arias Tobón
{"title":"Estudio exploratorio del bullying en Medellín","authors":"V. Rodríguez, Jorge Iván Ríos Patiño, Jacinta Lucía Arias Tobón","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.776","url":null,"abstract":"Este es un estudio exploratorio sobre el acoso escolar (o bullying) entre estudiantes de Medellin. Para adelantarlo se realizaron 3.373 encuestas virtuales en 36 centros de educacion basica secundaria y media, con el fin de identificar la presencia del fenomeno del acoso escolar y de establecer las formas especificas de su manifestacion teniendo en cuenta edad, genero y grado escolar. Los resultados demostraron la presencia de bullying en el 37,6% de los estudiantes encuestados, expresado en comportamientos de intimidacion o agresion verbal, fisica y psicologica en estudiantes de ambos generos, de todos los grados escolares. La forma de agresion de mayor frecuencia es la verbal y la psicologica, y estas suceden usualmente en presencia de pares y docentes en el aula de clase. Las principales formas de denominacion de los estudiantes que ejercen bullying son agresor y abusador.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67607116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shirley Hawkins Montaño, Alberto Valencia Zableh, Beatriz Helena Caamaño León, G. C. Ospino
{"title":"Riesgo suicida y desesperanza en pacientes psiquiátricos hospitalizados","authors":"Shirley Hawkins Montaño, Alberto Valencia Zableh, Beatriz Helena Caamaño León, G. C. Ospino","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.783","url":null,"abstract":"La desesperanza (D) incrementa el riesgo suicida (RS). No se conoce esta informacion en una muestra representativa de pacientes psiquiatricos hospitalizados en Santa Marta (Colombia). El presente estudio busco describir la prevalencia y hallar la asociacion entre el RS y la D, de acuerdo con variables sociodemograficas y clinicas, en pacientes con trastornos psiquiatricos. Se realizo un estudio transversal, descriptivo correlacional. Se evaluaron 61 pacientes con la Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik, la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck y un cuestionario de datos sociodemograficos. Como principal resultados, se resalta que el 60,7% de la muestra presento RS y el 70,4% D. Se encontro una correlacion significativa entre el RS y la D, tambien entre el RS y los intentos previos de suicidio. No se hallaron correlaciones entre el RS, la D y variables sociodemograficas y clinicas. En conclusion, a mayor nivel de D, mayor RS en la poblacion psiquiatrica estudiada.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67606675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Los vínculos que brindan mayor satisfacción en la red de apoyo social de los adultos","authors":"L. Polizzi, C. Arias","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.785","url":null,"abstract":"Las redes de apoyo social constituyen un tema de gran interes en relacion con los adultos mayores. Su efecto sobre el bienestar integral ha sido extensamente comprobado y por ello se ha incluido entre los principales objetivos, estrategias, planes y recomendaciones internacionales dirigidos a la poblacion mayor. Este estudio se propuso tanto identificar y caracterizar los vinculos de la red de apoyo social que brindan mayor satisfaccion en esta etapa de la vida, como evaluar las funciones de apoyo que estos cumplian segun la conformacion del grupo conviviente. Se implemento un diseno no experimental transversal. El estudio fue descriptivo-correlacional. Se selecciono una muestra no probabilistica-intencional de 120 adultos mayores (de 60 a 85 anos), de ambos sexos y de tres tipos de grupo conviviente: los que vivian solos, los que vivian unicamente con su pareja y los que vivian con otros familiares. A la muestra se le administro el cuestionario de datos sociodemograficos y la Entrevista Estructurada de Fuentes de Apoyo Social (Vaux y Harrison, 1985). Los resultados evidencian el papel central que ocupan los hijos, la pareja y los amigos en la vejez. Ademas, se observaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas segun genero y grupo conviviente en la eleccion del vinculo que brinda mayor satisfaccion.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67606719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Héctor José Velásquez-González, Ana Fernanda Uribe-Rodríguez, Ana Milena Martínez-Rozo
{"title":"La discapacidad en el contexto puertorriqueño: Conceptos, legislaciones y normativas para las personas con discapacidad desde el quehacer psicológico","authors":"Héctor José Velásquez-González, Ana Fernanda Uribe-Rodríguez, Ana Milena Martínez-Rozo","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.794","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that approximately 600 million people around the world have some kind of diagnosis that could be classified as a disability, and among the territories of the United States, Puerto Rico has one of the highest incidences of disability. Everything from education to the provision of social services is regulated by different legislation ultimately aimed at including people with a disability and helping them play an active role in society. This study seeks to understand how the concept of disability has evolved in a legal context (and in turn its social representations), as well as in the legislation that promotes and protects the rights of people with a disability. Psychologists should develop their abilities with regards to disability and its legislation in order to advocate for people with a disability, help them gain autonomy, and promote better quality of life and participation in society based on respect and tolerance towards diversity.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67607729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María de Lourdes Rodríguez-Campuzano, Antonia Rentería-Rodríguez, Antonio Rosales-Arellano, Norma Yolanda Rodríguez-Soriano
{"title":"Propuesta educativa para la salud del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2","authors":"María de Lourdes Rodríguez-Campuzano, Antonia Rentería-Rodríguez, Antonio Rosales-Arellano, Norma Yolanda Rodríguez-Soriano","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.791","url":null,"abstract":"Health psychology focuses on the study of the psychological processes involved in health and illness, and incorporates a wide range of activities: health promotion, illness prevention, and attention for both the sick and for people suffering the aftereffects of illness. It also plays a role in the provision of health services according to the needs of the recipients. Given the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2, the conditions and quality of life of people with this disease has become a public health issue that must be addressed seriously. Although the treatment of diabetes is the direct responsibility of professionals and institutions working in this area, a multidisciplinary effort would help greatly in finding a solution or improving the condition, and psychology, as a generator of knowledge that could be applied, therefore has a place in this wider working team. The objective of this research study was to design an educational proposal based on the psychological model of biological health (Ribes, 1990) to promote preventative behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67608010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Del Rosario Fernández-Hileman, Ángela V. Corengia, J. Durand
{"title":"Deserción y retención universitaria: una discusión bibliográfica","authors":"María Del Rosario Fernández-Hileman, Ángela V. Corengia, J. Durand","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.787","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este articulo es presentar una discusion bibliografica acerca del fenomeno de la desercion y retencion en la universidad. Para ello, se realizo una revision y sintesis de los principales estudios empiricos y perspectivas teoricas que abordan esta tematica en Argentina y otros paises. Para comenzar, se muestra el problema de la desercion en numeros, algunas precisiones terminologicas y su contextualizacion nacional (Argentina) e internacional. Posteriormente se desarrollan tanto las perspectivas conceptuales sustantivas basadas en teorias sociologicas, psicologicas, organizacionales, economicas y culturales, como los estudios empiricos que sustentan estas y otras precisiones teoricas. En el marco de estos estudios empiricos, tambien se relevan acciones y programas llevados a cabo a lo largo de los ultimos cuarenta anos para promover la retencion en la educacion superior. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones a modo de insumo para futuras investigaciones.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67606756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Los conceptos observación y experimentación en la obra del científico Claude Bernard","authors":"Pablo Nieto-González","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67607957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ignacio Ramos-Vidal, Daniel Holgado, Isidro Maya-Jariego, Jorge Palacio
{"title":"Evaluación de procesos comunitarios y análisis de redes inter-organizativas: elementos para mejorar la efectividad de las intervenciones comunitarias","authors":"Ignacio Ramos-Vidal, Daniel Holgado, Isidro Maya-Jariego, Jorge Palacio","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.798","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to investigate the connection that exists between the psychological sense of community, community participation, and the analysis of organizational networks, examining the influence of these approaches on individual, organizational and community levels of analysis. Accordingly, we review the literature from each of these three perspectives, then analyze the way they are linked with different levels of analysis. Finally, we offer some suggestions as to how the application of a multi-level ecological approach could improve the effectiveness of community intervention.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67607947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De algunas influencias alemanas en Colombia y su exhortación actual al psicólogo","authors":"John Alejandro Ramírez Tobón","doi":"10.16925/PE.V10I17.893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16925/PE.V10I17.893","url":null,"abstract":"Germany represents a worldwide reference in many fields of human knowledge, especially in science and the humanities. This essay attempts to explain how Germany, from the end of the 19th century to the 1970s, influenced Colombia in three fields of humanities: philosophy, psychology and pedagogy. These three closely related disciplines were enriched by German knowledge and the advances of such prominent figures as Nietzsche, Heidegger, Wundt and Franziska Radke. This article relates the influence of each of these figures to a specific discipline. At the end of the essay, the contributions of Nietzsche and Heidegger are revisited and thus become the central argument of this piece in explaining the continued validity of both approaches in current-day Colombia. Thus the “incarnation” of the forgetting of being proposed by Heidegger, and the reclaiming of the human put forward by Nietzsche are affirmed. Furthermore, an invitation is extended to psychology, based on the thinking of both philosophers, to propose alternatives from its research practice or intervention that promote this “return to being”, interpreted in this text as a “return to the human”. In this sense, the role of the psychologist is reaffirmed in a dehumanizing context such as that created by the Colombian conflict.","PeriodicalId":53843,"journal":{"name":"Pensando Psicologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67608016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}