Human Antibodies最新文献

{"title":"Effect of IL-6 and CRP titer with antibody level on severity of COVID-19 infection.","authors":"Adeq K Hachim,&nbsp;Aesha Saber Ali,&nbsp;Khalid B Arif","doi":"10.3233/HAB-230001","DOIUrl":"10.3233/HAB-230001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is combined with a high death rate and morbidity in different regions across the world. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted in response to tissue injury, primarily produced by macrophages. C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered a part of innate immunity and is elevated in response to infection and cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study includes one hundred patients infected with the viral pathogen known as SARS-CoV-2 and fifty healthy individuals attending Al-Salam Hospital in Baghdad. Approximately 5 ml of samples were collected from each virus-infected patient and healthy control, then separated by centrifuge and stored in a refrigerator until testing. The study timeline was from October 1st, 2020, to January 15th, 2021. The SARS-CoV-2 (IgM, IgG) antibody was measured using the immunofluorescent technique with the Afias instrument. The IL-6 was measured using the ELISA technique with a human Elisa reader. The CRP titer was measured using the immunofluorescent technique with the Afias instrument. The level of SARS-CoV-2 (IgM, IgG) antibody was 0.01 ± 0.004, 0.02 ± 0.004, respectively, in healthy controls, while in COVID-19 patients, the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody was 2.45 ± 1.87, and the level of IgG antibody was 5.16 ± 2.63 in COVID-19 patients. The IL-6 level was 0.88 ± 0.28, 5.82 ± 3.28 in healthy controls and COVID-19 patients, respectively. The CRP titer in healthy controls was 1.25 ± 0.36, while in COVID-19 patients, it was 13.8 ± 4.85. The aim of the research is to focus on the association between IL-6 level and CRP titer, with a concentration on COVID-19 patients, and to determine if IL-6 possesses the potential to serve as a biomarker for prognosticating the extent of COVID-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of small and large alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared with non-fibrosis interstitial lung diseases.","authors":"Sara El Fakihi,&nbsp;Aicha El Allam,&nbsp;Hicham Tahoune,&nbsp;Nouhaila Najimi,&nbsp;Chaimae Kadi,&nbsp;Azeddine Ibrahimi,&nbsp;Jamal-Eddine Bourkadi,&nbsp;Fouad Seghrouchni","doi":"10.3233/HAB-230005","DOIUrl":"10.3233/HAB-230005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease that mostly affects the lungs. Advanced tissue injury caused by this disease can progress to pulmonary fibrosis with similar characteristics shared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The initial presentations of both sarcoidosis and IPF may be shared with other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Two populations of macrophages have been described in the alveolar space: small alveolar macrophages (AMs) and large alveolar macrophages. Despite their protective function, these cells may also play a role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation leading to fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was the functional characterization of small and large AM subpopulations in sarcoidosis and IPF as a pathology with respectively mild and advanced tissue injury causing fibrosis, in comparison with non-fibrosis ILDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Activation and adhesion surface markers as well as functions of small and large AMs isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assessed by Flow Cytometry within patients with confirmed sarcoidosis (n= 14), IPF (n= 6), and non-fibrosis ILDs (n= 9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that small AMs are immunologically more active, which may be important for airway inflammation. They are also proportionally more abundant in IPF, and therefore they may be more involved in a fibrosis process associated with the down-regulation of HLA-DR, LeuCAM, and CD62L expression. In Sarcoidosis, the inflammatory process appears to be associated with up-regulation of CD38 expression and oxidative burst activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A relevant potential of the activation and adhesion markers as well as oxidative burst activity expressed on small and large AMs, in the perspective of differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis and IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10343623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Kirkuk governorate, Iraq.","authors":"Khalid Bahram Arif, Summer Said, Nawfal Khiro, Salih Ibrahem, Saleh Al-Ghamdi","doi":"10.3233/HAB-230011","DOIUrl":"10.3233/HAB-230011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>World-wide Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer with one million new cases a year. Historically, a higher incidence of this disease has been recorded among the elderly in the western countries, but it is increasing in developing countries and in younger age groups.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to find whether CRC cancer is progressively affecting the younger age groups known as early onset (< 50 years). In addition, it describes the pathological characteristics of CRC in early onset CRC cases.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study is retrospective cross-sectional. It was conducted over a period of five months from October 1st 2019 till 1st March 1st 2020. Data were drawn from patients with CRC from their medical records at Kirkuk Oncology Centre (KOC) and from the IRAQI National CANCER REGISTRY (INCR) over thirteen years period from 2006 to 2018. The basic data we obtained for each patient include sex, age, and stage, grade of the disease at diagnosis and mode of presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Initial study population included 654 patients of both genders and all ages. CRC occurred in < 5.5/100,000 population per year which accounted for < 8% of total malignancies (2006-2018). The patients were divided into two groups; an early onset (< 50 years) group and a late onset CRC (⩾ 50 years) group. The final study population provided enough data for 238 patients for the years (2014-2018) with an age range of 20-91 and a mean of 54.4 years. The males were ∼54% while ∼46% were females. The age group under 50 years (early onset CRC) was ∼41% (no 98) while those who are 50 years and older (late onset) stood for 59% (no 140). There were no statistical differences between the two age groups regarding stage, grade, or presenting symptom.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRC is common in early onsets or young age groups with similar pathological characteristics to those of the late onset cancer. Accordingly, even mild lower gastrointestinal symptoms should be taken seriously. The study points toward an increasing awareness of the population on the importance of colorectal cancer. Also, conducting more surveillance studies and investigations would be recommended for early detections of the disease in young populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-series bioinformatics analysis of SARS-CoV-infected cells to identify the biological processes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.","authors":"Razieh Fatehi, Farinaz Khosravian, Mansoor Salehi, Mohammad Kazemi","doi":"10.3233/HAB-230012","DOIUrl":"10.3233/HAB-230012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the new virus of the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2, could lead to acute respiratory syndrome. The molecular mechanisms related to this disorder are still debatable.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study to understand the pathogenicity mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, using the bioinformatics approaches, we investigated the expression of involved genes, their regulatory, and main signaling pathways during the time on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 of SARS-CoV infected cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, our investigation shows the complex changes in gene expression on days 2 and 3 post-infection. The functional analysis showed that especially related to immune response, response to other organisms, and defense response. IL6-AS1 is the predicted long non-coding RNA and is a key regulator during infection. In this study, for the first time has been reported the role of IL6-AS1. Also, the correlation of differential expression genes with the level of immune infiltration was shown in the relationship of Natural killer cells and T cell CD 4+ with DE genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the current study, identification of the altered expression pattern of genes in SARS-CoV-infected cells in time course also can help identify and link the molecular mechanisms and explore the holistic view of infection of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139033172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 strain-specific anti-spike IgG ELISA utilizing spike protein produced by silkworms.","authors":"Takeyuki Goto,&nbsp;Tomoki Sasaki,&nbsp;Yong Chong,&nbsp;Masahiro Taniguchi,&nbsp;Jae Man Lee,&nbsp;Akitsu Masuda,&nbsp;Takeru Ebihara,&nbsp;Kenichiro Shiraishi,&nbsp;Naoki Tani,&nbsp;Akiko Yonekawa,&nbsp;Kei Gondo,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kuwano,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Shimono,&nbsp;Hideyuki Ikematsu,&nbsp;Koichi Akashi,&nbsp;Takahiro Kusakabe","doi":"10.3233/HAB-230006","DOIUrl":"10.3233/HAB-230006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A cost-effective and eco-friendly method is needed for the assessment of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in large populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the performance of an ELISA that uses silkworm-produced proteins to quantify the strain-specific anti-Spike IgG (anti-S IgG) titer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The OD values for the anti-His-tag antibody, a standard material of ELISA quantification, were measured. Correlations between the ELISA for each strain and the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay for the wild type were evaluated with serum samples from nine participants with various infection and vaccination statuses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear dose-responses were confirmed by high coefficients of determination: 0.994, 0.994, and 0.996 for the wild-type, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) strain assays, respectively. The coefficient of determination for the wild-type and Delta strain assays was high at 0.959 and 0.892, respectively, while the Omicron strain assay had a relatively low value of 0.563. Booster vaccinees showed similar or higher titers against all strains compared to infected persons without vaccination. The Omicron-infected persons without vaccination had lower antibody titers against wild type than did the vaccinated persons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides data indicating that the ELISA with silkworm-produced proteins makes it possible to discriminate and quantify the strain-specific anti-S IgG antibody induced by vaccination or infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9780936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of IL-6 and IL-17A gene polymorphisms in Iraqi patients infected with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Qusay Abdulwahab Khalaf,&nbsp;Khetam Habeeb Rasool,&nbsp;Eman Natiq Naji","doi":"10.3233/HAB-230007","DOIUrl":"10.3233/HAB-230007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In patients with COVID-19, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) increases the risk of hospitalization and death. Patients who have IL-6 and IL-17A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are more likely to have severe COVID-19. This study aims to determine whether SNPs of the IL-6 gene at rs1800795 (G > C) and the IL-17A gene at rs2275913 (G > A) are associated with COVID-19 and T2DM in the Iraqi population.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Twenty-four people were divided into 4 groups as follows: six patients with severe COVID-19 and T2DM were placed in Group 1 as \"G1\", six patients with COVID-19 but no T2DM were placed in Group 2 as \"G2\", and six patients with T2DM were placed in Group 3 as \"G3\". There were also six healthy controls included in each group. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the target genes after genomic DNA from the blood samples was extracted. Sanger sequencing was used to find the SNPs in both the forward and reverse directions for each sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the case of IL-6 SNP at rs1800795, the GG genotype was more common in \"G3\", the CC genotype was less common in all patient groups than in controls, and the GC allele was more common in \"G2\" than in the control group. In comparison to the controls, the three patient groups showed lower frequencies of the C allele and higher frequencies of the G allele. Regarding IL-17A gene polymorphism, the AA and GA genotypes were more prevalent in \"G2\" and \"G3\", respectively. The GG genotype and G allele frequency dropped in all patient groups compared to the control group, whereas the A allele frequency increased in all patient groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The IL-6 gene at rs1800795 (G/C) and the IL-17A gene at rs2275913 (G/A) loci were associated with COVID-19 and T2DM in Iraqi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9780939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-like symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination: An overview of clinical literature.","authors":"Phu Tv,&nbsp;Thu Thao Tran,&nbsp;Huynh Trung Hao,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hien Hau,&nbsp;Nityanand Jain,&nbsp;Aigars Reinis","doi":"10.3233/HAB-220013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/HAB-220013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a common condition affecting more than 170 people per 100,000 population. However, POTS following COVID-19 vaccination remains a rare reporting in the medical literature.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We, herein, summarize and highlight the evidence that has been reported regarding POTS-like symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature search and summarized the findings in the form of a narrative commentary. All types of publications (case reports/series, original articles, letters to editors, brief communications etc.) in English language were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whilst the exact pathogenetic mechanism behind POTS is yet to elucidated, there has been increasing evidence pointing towards an autoimmune dysfunction. Females were found to be predominantly affected (72%) with age range from 17 years to 52 years. Additionally, it seems that POTS-like symptoms could be triggered after immunization with Pfizer- BioNTech, Moderna, and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines. The symptoms typically appear within the first week, depending upon previous exposure to the virus and presence of other systemic conditions. In some patients, the condition is self-resolving. However, in others, non-pharmacological interventions coupled with negative ionotropic medications can be used for symptomatic management of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Timely diagnosis and proper treatment are quintessential for ensuring early alleviation (and in some cases complete resolution) of symptoms. Furthermore, there may be episodes of relapse. Overall prognosis of the new-onset POTS-like symptoms is difficult to predict based on current literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":"31 1-2","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/f4/hab-31-hab220013.PMC10357168.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9851632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of antibody numbering systems in the development of antibody engineering.","authors":"Riya Patel, Pratibha Verma, Anil Kumar Nagraj, Akshata Gavade, Om Prakash Sharma, Jaspal Patil","doi":"10.3233/HAB-230014","DOIUrl":"10.3233/HAB-230014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapy has become increasingly popular in recent years for treating a variety of diseases including inflammatory, neurological, oncological, and auto-immune disorders. The significant interest in antibody development is due to the high binding affinity and specificity of an antibody against a specific antigen. Recent advances in antibody engineering have provided a different view on how to engineer antibodies in silico for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In order to improve the clinical utility of therapeutic antibodies, it is of paramount importance to understand the various molecular properties which impact antigen targeting and its potency. In antibody engineering, antibody numbering (AbN) systems play an important role to identify the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and the framework regions (FR). Hence, it is crucial to accurately define and understand the CDR, FR and the crucial residues of heavy and light chains that aid in the binding of the antibody to the antigenic site. Detailed understanding of amino acids positions are useful for modifying the binding affinity, specificity, physicochemical features, and half-life of an antibody. In this review, we have summarized the different antibody numbering systems that are widely used in antibody engineering and highlighted their significance. Here, we have systematically explored and mentioned the various tools and servers that harness different AbN systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia: A literature review.","authors":"Hossein Pourmontaseri, Niloofar Habibzadeh, Sarina Entezari, F. Samadian, Shamim Kiyani, M. Taheri, A. Ahmadi, M. Fallahi, Farzad Sheikhzadeh, Arina Ansari, Amirhossein Tamimi, N. Deravi","doi":"10.3233/hab-211511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/hab-211511","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer that is more prevalent in children. Several treatment methods are available for ALL, including chemotherapy, upfront treatment regimens, and pediatric-inspired regimens for adults. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are the novel Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved remedies for the relapsed/refractory (R/R) adult ALL. In this article, we aimed to review studies that investigated the efficacy and safety of Mabs on ALL.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We gathered studies through a complete search with all proper related keywords in ISI Web of Science, SID, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed for English language publications up to 2020.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The most commonly studied Mabs for ALL therapies are CD-19, CD-20, CD-22, and CD-52. The best results have been reported in the administration of blinatumomab, rituximab, ofatumumab, and inotuzumab with acceptable low side effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Appling personalized approach for achieving higher efficacy is one of the most important aspects of treatment. Moreover, we recommend that the wide use of these Mabs depends on designing further cost-effectiveness trials in this field.","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of specific human antibodies against recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by rapid in-house ELISA.","authors":"Nahla Hussein, Esraa Ali, A. El-Hakim, A. Tabll, Asmaa El-Shershaby, Azza Salamony, M. Shaheen, Ibrahim Ali, Mahmoud Elshall, Y. Shahein","doi":"10.3233/hab-220003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/hab-220003","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic since the last two years. The urgent need to control the spread of the virus and rapid application of the suitable health measures raised the importance of available, rapid, and accurate diagnostic approaches.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The purpose of this study is to describe a rapid in-house optimized ELISA based on the expression of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a prokaryotic system.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We show the expression of the 30 kDa recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD-6×His in five different E. coli strains (at 28∘C using 0.25mM IPTG) including the expression strain E. coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta Gami. SARS-CoV-2 rRBD-6×His protein was purified, refolded, and used as an antigen coat to assess antibody response in human sera against SARS-CoV-2 infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The assessment was carried out using a total of 155 human sero-positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The ELISA showed 69.5% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 78.5% agreement, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.3%, and a negative predictive value of 56.5%. Moreover, the optical density (OD) values of positive samples significantly correlated with the commercial kit titers.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In conclusion, specific human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were detected by rapid in-house ELISA in sera of human COVID-19-infected patients. The availability of this in-house ELISA protocol would be valuable for various diagnostic and epidemiological applications, particularly in developing countries. Future studies are planned for the use of the generated SARS-CoV-2 rRBD-6×His protein in vaccine development and other diagnostic applications.","PeriodicalId":53564,"journal":{"name":"Human Antibodies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43952429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}