Marine Life Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Multi-gene-based investigation on the molecular phylogeny of the hypotrichous family Strongylidiidae (Protista, Ciliophora), with notes on the ontogeny of a new genus and new species.","authors":"Wenya Song, Shijing Zhang, Yuqing Li, Honggang Ma, Qiyu Li, Xiaotian Luo, Khaled A S Al-Rasheid, Hunter N Hines, Xiaoteng Lu","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00243-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00243-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciliates in the subclass Hypotrichia have long been difficult to classify as they are one of the most polymorphic and highly differentiated groups, leading to their systematics remaining unresolved. Phylogenetic relationships within the hypotrich family Strongylidiidae have been ambiguous due to discordance between the morphological and genetic data. In this study, a new strongylidiid genus <i>Heterouroleptus</i> is established, mainly based on the novel mode of origin of the ventral cirral rows: left ventral cirral row (LVR) originates from frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen (FVTA) III (anterior portion), IV (middle portion), and V (rear portion); right ventral cirral row comes from the entire FVTA VI. A new species, <i>Heterouroleptus weishanensis</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., is investigated along with the morphometric and molecular data from a population of <i>Strongylidium wuhanense</i>. Eight new sequences and nuclear gene markers (single-gene and multi-gene) are provided to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of strongylidiids, with the COI gene utilized to uncover further genetic information at species level and below. The results reveal that: (1) Strongylidiidae is monophyletic and has a close relationship with Dorsomarginalia; (2) <i>Heterouroleptus</i> gen. nov. forms a clade that is sister to all the other strongylidiids; (3) <i>Hemiamphisiella</i> Foissner, 1988 and <i>Pseudouroleptus</i> Hemberger, 1985 should not be synonyms, and both genera should be subdivided due to their variable morphological characteristics; (4) LVR originating from three anlagen is a plesiomorphy of Strongylidiidae. The discovery of the origin of the LVR not only contributes to the establishment of the genus <i>Heterouroleptus</i>, but also helps to improve the diagnosis of the family Strongylidiidae.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00243-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"442-461"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pichia pastoris</i> composition expressed aerolysin mutant of <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> as an oral vaccine evaluated in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>).","authors":"Yuan-Yuan Yao, Qing-Shuang Zhang, Shu-Bin Liu, Hong-Wei Yang, Xing-Yu Chen, Ya-Lin Yang, Chen-Chen Gao, Chao Ran, Tsegay Teame, Zhen Zhang, Zhi-Gang Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00239-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00239-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are one of the most practical means to stop the spreading of <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> in aquaculture. In this study, virulence factor aerolysin mutant NTaer which has lost its hemolytic activity was used as a target antigen. <i>Pichia pastoris</i> constitutive secretory expression NTaer (GS115-NTaer) was used as a potential safe oral vaccine to evaluate its effectiveness on zebrafish immunity. The result shows that vaccination of GS115- NTaer for four weeks did not affect the growth performance of the host, while eliciting an effective immune protective response. Compared with the control group, the GS115-NTaer could significantly up-regulate the relative expression level of the intestinal tight junction protein 1α (<i>TJP1α</i>) gene, and significantly increased the contents of lysozyme (LYZ), complement C3 and C4 in the gut, indicating that the innate immune response of the fish was activated. The relative gene expression levels of macrophage-expressed gene 1 (<i>MPEG1</i>) and T cell receptor (<i>TCR-α</i>) in the gut, and <i>MPEG1</i>, <i>CD4</i>, <i>CD8</i>, <i>TCR-α</i>, <i>GATA3,</i> and <i>T-bet</i> in the spleen were all increased significantly, indicating that the cellular immune response of the fish was activated. Furthermore, the contents of serum IgM and intestinal mucosa IgZ antibodies were significantly increased, which showed that humoral immunity was also activated. Moreover, inoculation with GS115-NTaer significantly changed the structure of gut microbiota. In particular, the relative ratio of (Firmicutes + Fusobacteriota + Bacteroidota)/Proteobacteria was significantly higher than that of the control and GS115 groups. Lastly, the vaccinated fish were challenged with <i>A. veronii,</i> and the relative percent survival of GS115 and the GS115-NTear groups was 14.28% and 33.43%. This improvement of immunity was not only due to the specific immune response but also attributed to the improvement of innate immunity and the gut microbiota which was demonstrated by the germ-free zebrafish model. Collectively, this study provides information on the effectiveness of GS115-NTear as an oral vaccine for the green prevention and control of <i>A. veronii</i> infection in fish aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"475-487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of 12 water lily plastid genomes reveals genomic divergence and evolutionary relationships in early flowering plants.","authors":"Weicai Song, Wenbo Shi, Huan Wang, Zirui Zhang, Ruiqing Tao, Jin Liu, Shuo Wang, Michael S Engel, Chao Shi","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00242-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00242-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aquatic plant <i>Nymphaea</i>, a model genus of the early flowering plant lineage Nymphaeales and family Nymphaeaceae, has been extensively studied. However, the availability of chloroplast genome data for this genus is incomplete, and phylogenetic relationships within the order Nymphaeales remain controversial. In this study, 12 chloroplast genomes of <i>Nymphaea</i> were assembled and analyzed for the first time. These genomes were 158,290-160,042 bp in size and contained 113 non-repeat genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. We also report on codon usage, RNA editing sites, microsatellite structures, and new repetitive sequences in this genus. Comparative genomics revealed that expansion and contraction of IR regions can lead to changes in the gene numbers. Additionally, it was observed that the highly variable regions of the chloroplast genome were mainly located in intergenic regions. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree showed the order Nymphaeales was divided into three families, and the genus <i>Nymphaea</i> can be divided into five (or three) subgenera, with the subgenus <i>Nymphaea</i> being the oldest. The divergence times of nymphaealean taxa were analyzed, with origins of the order Nymphaeales and family Nymphaeaceae being about 194 and 131 million years, respectively. The results of the phylogenetic analysis and estimated divergence times will be useful for future evolutionary studies of basal angiosperm lineages.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00242-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"425-441"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a potential bladder cancer inhibitor CHNQD-01281 by regulating EGFR and promoting infiltration of cytotoxic T cells.","authors":"Jian-Yu Liu, Yao-Yao Jiang, Peng-Jie Li, Bo Yao, Yi-Jing Song, Ji-Xiu Gao, Gulab Said, Yang Gao, Jun-Yu Lai, Chang-Lun Shao","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00246-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00246-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As one of the common malignancies that threaten human life, bladder cancer occurs frequently with a high mortality rate in the world, due to its invasion, recurrence and drug resistance. Natural products from marine microorganisms are becoming the hotspots in discovery of new candidate drug entities, especially in the area of cancer. Brefeldin A (BFA) is a natural Arf-GEFs inhibitor, but due to the low aqueous solubility, strong toxicity, and poor bioavailability, it is urgent to conduct structural optimization research. Herein, a new BFA pyridine acrylate derivative <b>CHNQD-01281</b> with improved solubility was prepared and found to exert moderate to strong antiproliferative activity on a variety of human cancer cell lines. It was noteworthy that <b>CHNQD-01281</b> was most sensitive to two bladder cancer cell lines T24 and J82 (IC₅₀ = 0.079 and 0.081 μmol/L) with high selectivity index (SI = 14.68 and 14.32), suggesting a superior safety to BFA. In vivo studies revealed that <b>CHNQD-01281</b> remarkably suppressed tumor growth in a T24 nude mice xenograft model (TGI = 52.63%) and prolonged the survival time (ILS = 68.16%) in an MB49 allogeneic mouse model via inducing infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. Further mechanism exploration indicated that <b>CHNQD-01281</b> regulated both EGFR/PI3K/AKT and EGFR/ERK pathways and mediated the chemotactic effect of chemokines on immune effector cells. Overall, <b>CHNQD-01281</b> may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for bladder cancer through multiple mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00246-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"502-514"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community structure and carbon metabolism functions of bacterioplankton in the Guangdong coastal zone.","authors":"Ziqi Peng, Pandeng Wang, Xiaoqing Luo, Qiqi Deng, Ziwen Yang, Jiaxue Wu, Wendong Xian, Weicong Yan, Xiaozhen Mou, Yang Yuan, Wenjun Li, Jialing Li","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00245-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00245-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coastal ecosystems are an important region for biogeochemical cycling, are a hotspot of anthropogenic disturbance and play a crucial role in global carbon cycling through the metabolic activities of bacterioplankton. Bacterioplankton can be broadly classified into two lifestyles: free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA). However, how coastal bacterioplankton the community structure, co-occurrence networks and carbon metabolic functions with different lifestyles are differentiated is still largely unknown. Understanding these processes is necessary to better determine the contributions of coastal bacterioplankton to carbon cycling. Here, the characteristics of community structure and carbon metabolism function of bacterioplankton with two lifestyles in the coastal areas of Guangdong Province were investigated using amplicon sequencing, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic techniques. The results show that the main bacterioplankton responsible for carbon metabolism were the <i>Pseudomonadota</i>, <i>Bacteroidota</i>, and <i>Actinomycetota</i>. The microbial community structure, carbon metabolic function, and environmental preferences differ between different lifestyles. FL and PA bacteria exhibited higher carbon fixation and degradation potentials, respectively. A range of environmental factors, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature, were associated with the community structure and carbon metabolic functions of the bacterioplankton. Human activities, such as nutrient discharge, may affect the distribution of functional genes and enhance the carbon degradation functions of bacterioplankton. In conclusion, this study increased the understanding of the role of microorganisms in regulating carbon export in coastal ecosystems with intense human activity.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00245-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"547-561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pufferfish gasdermin Ea is a significant player in the defense against bacterial pathogens.","authors":"Hang Xu, Kunpeng Qin, Kangwei Hao, Zihao Yuan, Li Sun","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00237-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00237-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gasdermins (GSDMs) are proteins cleaved by caspase (CASP) to trigger pyroptosis. In teleosts, pyroptosis is mediated by gasdermin E (GSDME). The Pufferfish, <i>Takifugu rubripes</i>, possesses two GSDME orthologs: named TrGSDMEa and TrGSDMEb. TrGSDMEa is cleaved by CASP3/7 to liberate the N-terminal (NT) domain that can trigger pyroptosis in mammalian cells. However, the biological function of TrGSDMEa in pufferfish is unknown, and TrGSDMEb is poorly studied. We found that TrGSDMEb was cleaved by CASP1/3/6/7/8, but the resulting NT domain, despite its similarity to TrGSDMEa-NT domain in sequence and structure, failed to induce pyroptosis. TrGSDMEa and TrGSDMEb exhibited similar expression patterns in pufferfish under normal physiological conditions but were up- and downregulated, respectively, in expression during <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> and <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> infection. Bacterial infection induced the activation of TrGSDMEa and CASP3/7 in pufferfish cells, resulting in pyroptosis accompanied with IL-1β production and maturation. Inhibition of TrGSDMEa-mediated pyroptosis via TrCASP3/7 reduced the death of pufferfish cells and augmented bacterial dissemination in fish tissues. Structure-oriented mutagenesis identified 16 conserved residues in teleost GSDMEa that were required for the pore formation or auto-inhibition of GSDMEa. This study illustrates the role of GSDMEa-mediated pyroptosis in teleost defense against bacterial pathogens and provides new insights into the structure-based function of vertebrate GSDME.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00237-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"462-474"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the biogeography, morphology, and phylogeny of the condylostomatid ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Heterotrichea), with establishment of four new <i>Condylostoma</i> species and a revision including redescriptions of five species found in China.","authors":"Yong Chi, Fan Wei, Danxu Tang, Changjun Mu, Honggang Ma, Zhe Wang, Khaled A S Al-Rasheid, Hunter N Hines, Xiangrui Chen","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00223-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00223-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of the ciliate class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859 are a cosmopolitan group of unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms, many of which have been widely used as models in various fields of research such as regenerative biology, functional ecology, environmental toxicology, and symbiotic behavior. However, species identification in the heterotrich family Condylostomatidae, especially the most species-rich and type genus <i>Condylostoma</i> Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824, remains challenging due to incomplete original descriptions, few reliable distinguishing characters, and overlapping features between different species. This study presents an updated revision of <i>Condylostoma</i> and its related genus <i>Condylostomides</i> da Silva Neto, 1994 based on descriptions of five species, including nine populations collected from China, using both morphological and molecular methods. The main findings are as follows: (1) 43 nominal species and about 130 populations are reviewed, resulting in the recognition of 30 valid species of <i>Condylostoma</i> and eight valid species of <i>Condylostomides</i>; (2) keys, synonyms, biogeographic distributions and amended/improved diagnoses of all valid species are provided; (3) based on the available data, four new <i>Condylostoma</i> species (<i>C. marinum</i> sp. nov., <i>C. petzi</i> sp. nov., <i>C. villeneuvei</i> sp. nov., and <i>C. microstomum</i> sp. nov.), one new combination (<i>Condylostomides minimus</i> (Dragesco, 1954) comb. nov. & nom. corr.), and two corrected names (<i>Condylostoma ancestrale</i> Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940 nom. corr. and <i>Condylostomides nigrus</i> (Dragesco, 1960) nom. corr.) are suggested; (4) cryptic species are detected and proposed for the first time to form the <i>Condylostoma curvum</i> species complex; (5) three highly confusing <i>Condylostoma</i> species, <i>C. kris</i>, <i>C. spatiosum</i>, and <i>C. minutum</i>, are redefined for the first time based on modern taxonomic methods; (6) a 'flagship' species, <i>Condylostomides coeruleus</i>, is recorded for the first time from the continent of Asia, substantially expanding its biogeography; (7) ciliature adjacent to the distal end of the paroral membrane within the family Condylostomatidae is uniformly defined as frontal membranelles and is classified into three patterns according to the arrangement of kinetosomes, which serve as important key features.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00223-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"365-404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrine-loaded self-adhesive swelling microneedle for inflammation regulation to improve eczema treatment.","authors":"Jiale Shen, Jiarui Wang, Meng Wu, Yan Shi, Minhyeock Lee, Zhiguo Wang, Ming Kong","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00235-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00235-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eczema is a common chronic dermatological disease. Conventional treatments exhibit limited efficacy due to fast drug release resulting in short-term relief. Development of a new treatment strategy that enables sustained drug release and long-term maintenance on the skin surface is necessary. A self-adhesive swelling microneedle patch (SDSMNs) was designed and constructed using a two-step casting method. The adhesive substrate was prepared by blending gelatin and dopamine via oxidation of NaIO₄, so it could adhere onto the skin surface as well as withstand repeated bending movement without detachment. The swelling needles were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which could swell by absorbing interstitial fluid and release the drug in a controlled manner. SDSMNs also showed desirable antibacterial activities toward <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>. The adhesive microneedles loaded with matrine (MAT-SDSMNs), an anti-inflammatory Chinese medicine, dramatically relieved eczema symptoms through IL-17 mediated inflammation responses. The use of MAT-SDSMNs significantly decreased the infiltration of inflammation cells and level of inflammatory cytokines, reduced the skin thickness, and increased collagen deposition fraction compared with conventional ointment or subcutaneous injection. The results suggested that MAT-SDSMNs can improve eczema treatment by regulating the local inflammatory microenvironment, providing a simple, self-administered sustainable strategy for eczema treatment.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00235-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 3","pages":"535-546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Tbx21</i> gene and its association with resistance against viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in Asian seabass, <i>Lates calcarifer</i>.","authors":"Joey Wong, Zituo Yang, Le Wang, Fei Sun, Gen Hua Yue","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00234-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-024-00234-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by a betanodavirus (NNV) is one of the major diseases in Asian seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) hatcheries. Our previous studies showed that the <i>tbx21</i> gene was in a QTL for NNV resistance in linkage group 23 in Asian seabass. The expression of this gene was changed in tissues of Asian seabass challenged with NNV. However, the role of <i>tbx21</i> in NNV resistance remains largely unknown. In this study, <i>tbx21</i> of Asian seabass was characterized. This gene consists of an ORF of 1866 bp, a 5' UTR of 357 bp, and a 3' UTR of 4674 bp. The TBX21 protein showed substantial amino acid similarity (70-96%) with other fish but exhibited lower identity (47-52%) with mammals. One SNP identified in the first intron was significantly associated with NNV resistance. In healthy fish, <i>tbx21</i> was expressed in all tissues examined, and was highly expressed in the kidney and liver. The expression of <i>tbx21</i> increased in the eye, gills, heart, kidney and gut, but decreased in the brain and spleen at five days after NNV challenge. Overexpression of <i>tbx21</i> reduced the replication of NNV, whereas knockdown increased viral expression and virus titers. These results suggest that <i>tbx21</i> plays a key role in NNV resistance. The SNP in this gene could be used as a marker to facilitate marker-assisted selection for NNV resistance. Further investigation of polymorphisms in the 5' and 3' UTRs of t<i>bx21</i> may provide additional insights into the gene's role in NNV resistance.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00234-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 4","pages":"679-689"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otolith biogeochemistry reveals possible impacts of extreme climate events on population connectivity of a highly migratory fish, Japanese Spanish mackerel <i>Scomberomorus niphonius</i>.","authors":"Xindong Pan, Yong Chen, Tao Jiang, Jian Yang, Yongjun Tian","doi":"10.1007/s42995-024-00229-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-024-00229-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change, particularly extreme climate events, is likely to alter the population connectivity in diverse taxa. While the population connectivity for highly migratory species is expected to be vulnerable to climate change, the complex migration patterns has made the measurement difficult and studies rare. However, otolith biogeochemistry provides the possibility to evaluate these climate-induced impacts. Japanese Spanish mackerel <i>Scomberomorus niphonius</i> is a highly migratory fish that is widely distributed in the northwest Pacific. Otoliths biogeochemistry of age-1 spawning or spent individuals from three consecutive years (2016-2018), during which a very strong El Niño was experienced (2015-2016), were analyzed to evaluate the temporal variation of connectivity for <i>S. niphonius</i> population along the coast of China. The elemental concentrations of the whole otolith showed that Ba:Ca and Mg:Ca values were found to significantly increase in the El Niño year. The random forest classification and clustering analysis indicated a large-scale connectivity between East China Sea and the Yellow Sea in the El Niño year whereas the local <i>S. niphonius</i> assemblages in different spawning areas were more self-sustaining after the El Niño year. These findings lead to the hypothesis that environmental conditions associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the Northern Pacific Ocean would likely influence the population connectivity of <i>S. niphonius</i>. If so, extreme climate events can result in profound changes in the extent, pattern and connectivity of migratory fish populations. Our study demonstrates that otolith biogeochemistry could provide insight towards revealing how fish population response to extreme climate events.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00229-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"6 4","pages":"722-735"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}