N. Mei, Xiaoqing Guo, Zhen Ren, Daisuke Kobayashi, K. Wada, Lei Guo
{"title":"Review of Ginkgo biloba-induced toxicity, from experimental studies to human case reports","authors":"N. Mei, Xiaoqing Guo, Zhen Ren, Daisuke Kobayashi, K. Wada, Lei Guo","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1278298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1278298","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ginkgo biloba seeds and leaves have been used as a traditional herbal remedy for thousands of years, and its leaf extract has been consumed as a botanical dietary supplement for decades. Ginkgo biloba extract is a complex mixture with numerous components, including flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones, and is one of the most widely sold botanical dietary supplements worldwide. Concerns about potential health risks for the general population have been raised because of the widespread human exposure to Ginkgo biloba and its potential toxic and carcinogenic activities in rodents. The National Toxicology Program conducted 2-year gavage studies on one Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and concluded that there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of this extract in mice based on an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. Recently, Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This review presents updated information on the toxicological effects from experimental studies both in vitro and in vivo to human case reports (caused by ginkgo seeds or leaves), and also summarizes the negative results from relatively large clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"35 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1278298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faheem Maqbool, K. Niaz, F. Hassan, Fazlullah Khan, M. Abdollahi
{"title":"Immunotoxicity of mercury: Pathological and toxicological effects","authors":"Faheem Maqbool, K. Niaz, F. Hassan, Fazlullah Khan, M. Abdollahi","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1278299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1278299","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mercury (Hg) is toxic and hazardous metal that causes natural disasters in the earth's crust. Exposure to Hg occurs via various routes; like oral (fish), inhalation, dental amalgams, and skin from cosmetics. In this review, we have discussed the sources of Hg and its potential for causing toxicity in humans. In addition, we also review its bio-chemical cycling in the environment; its systemic, immunotoxic, genotoxic/carcinogenic, and teratogenic health effects; and the dietary influences; as well as the important considerations in risk assessment and management of Hg poisoning have been discussed in detail. Many harmful outcomes have been reported, which will provide more awareness.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"35 1","pages":"29 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1278299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48861541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new drug design strategy: Killing drug resistant bacteria by deactivating their hypothetical genes","authors":"T. Wong, Jimmy Kuo","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1236605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236605","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite that a bacterial genome is complicated by large numbers of horizontally transferred (HT) genes and function unknown hypothetical (FUN) genes, the Genic-Transcriptional-Stop-Signals-Ratio (TSSR) of a genome shows that HT and FUN genes are complementary to all other genes in the genome. When HT or certain FUN genes are omitted from the Escherichia coli K-12 genome, its Genomic-TSSR value becomes totally incomparable to other E. coli strains. The Genic-TSSR correlation tree of a pathogen shows that some FUN genes would form a unique cluster. Removing these genes by site-specific mutation or gene-knockout should lead to the demise of this pathogen.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"2 1","pages":"276 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: Their potential human health impact.","authors":"Ki-Hyun Kim, Ehsanul Kabir, Shamin Ara Jahan","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1236604","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1236604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are devised to deliver nicotine in a vapor rather than in smoke without tar. ECs are hence advertised as being safer than tobacco cigarette products as the chemical compounds inhaled in the former are believed to be fewer and less toxic than those of the latter. Hazardous chemicals (e.g., formaldehyde) are nonetheless found to be generated incidentally by contacting the heated wire (i.e., the oxidation of glycerol/glycol in e-liquid). Although the extent of their release varies by several variables (e.g., the type of e-liquid, puffing rate, and the battery voltage), their exposure may also contribute to negative health effects. As the use of ECs may be much safer than that of common tobacco products, the former can be used as an aid to cut down or quit the latter. However, relatively little is yet known about the health effects of the EC on a long-term basis. Moreover, the use of EC cannot be clearly substantiated for renormalizing smoking behavior by current evidence. Behavior studies of the EC consumer suggest that the sufficient data for aerosol generation and chemical analysis should be acquired to establish reliable guides for its composition and consumption. In light of the urgent demand for such guidelines, this review examines the basic aspects of EC-related pollutants and their health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"34 1","pages":"262-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mycotoxin in the food supply chain—implications for public health program","authors":"D. Milićević, I. Nastasijević, Z. Petrović","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1236607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236607","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxic chemical substances, produced mainly by microscopic filamentous fungal species. Regarding potential synergisms or even mitigating effects between toxic elements, mycotoxin contamination will continue to be an area of concern for producers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, researchers, and consumers in the future. In Serbia, recent drought and then flooding confirmed that mycotoxins are one of the foodborne hazards most susceptible to climate change. In this article, we review key aspects of mycotoxin contamination of the food supply chain and implications for public health from the Serbian perspective.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"34 1","pages":"293 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Board EOV","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1270019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1270019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"34 1","pages":"ebi - ebi"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1270019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arsenic and its compounds in mushrooms: A review","authors":"J. Falandysz, L. Rizal","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1235935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1235935","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to review the detail concentration of arsenic in some species of mushrooms as well as organic and inorganic forms of arsenic in the substrates where wild and cultivated edible mushrooms grow. We also briefly review the molecular forms of arsenic in mushrooms. There is still a lack of experimental data from the environment for a variety of species from different habitats and for different levels of geogenic arsenic in soil. This information will be useful for mushrooms consumers, nutritionists, and food regulatory agencies by describing ways to minimize arsenic content in edible mushrooms and arsenic intake from mushroom meals.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"34 1","pages":"217 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1235935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Azo dyes and human health: A review","authors":"K. Chung","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Synthetic azo dyes are widely used in industries. Gerhardt Domagk discovered that the antimicrobial effect of red azo dye Prontosil was caused by the reductively cleaved (azo reduction) product sulfanilamide. The significance of azo reduction is thus revealed. Azo reduction can be accomplished by human intestinal microflora, skin microflora, environmental microorganisms, to a lesser extent by human liver azoreductase, and by nonbiological means. Some azo dyes can be carcinogenic without being cleaved into aromatic amines. However, the carcinogenicity of many azo dyes is due to their cleaved product such as benzidine. Benzidine induces various human and animal tumors. Another azo dye component, p-phenylenediamine, is a contact allergen. Many azo dyes and their reductively cleaved products as well as chemically related aromatic amines are reported to affect human health, causing allergies and other human maladies.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"34 1","pages":"233 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Golbamaki, E. Benfenati, N. Golbamaki, A. Manganaro, Erinc Merdivan, A. Roncaglioni, G. Gini
{"title":"New clues on carcinogenicity-related substructures derived from mining two large datasets of chemical compounds","authors":"A. Golbamaki, E. Benfenati, N. Golbamaki, A. Manganaro, Erinc Merdivan, A. Roncaglioni, G. Gini","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1166879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1166879","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, new molecular fragments associated with genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens are introduced to estimate the carcinogenic potential of compounds. Two rule-based carcinogenesis models were developed with the aid of SARpy: model R (from rodents' experimental data) and model E (from human carcinogenicity data). Structural alert extraction method of SARpy uses a completely automated and unbiased manner with statistical significance. The carcinogenicity models developed in this study are collections of carcinogenic potential fragments that were extracted from two carcinogenicity databases: the ANTARES carcinogenicity dataset with information from bioassay on rats and the combination of ISSCAN and CGX datasets, which take into accounts human-based assessment. The performance of these two models was evaluated in terms of cross-validation and external validation using a 258 compound case study dataset. Combining R and H predictions and scoring a positive or negative result when both models are concordant on a prediction, increased accuracy to 72% and specificity to 79% on the external test set. The carcinogenic fragments present in the two models were compared and analyzed from the point of view of chemical class. The results of this study show that the developed rule sets will be a useful tool to identify some new structural alerts of carcinogenicity and provide effective information on the molecular structures of carcinogenic chemicals.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"34 1","pages":"113 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1166879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Taevernier, E. Wynendaele, Leen De Vreese, C. Burvenich, B. de Spiegeleer
{"title":"The mycotoxin definition reconsidered towards fungal cyclic depsipeptides","authors":"L. Taevernier, E. Wynendaele, Leen De Vreese, C. Burvenich, B. de Spiegeleer","doi":"10.1080/10590501.2016.1164561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1164561","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Currently, next to the major classes, cyclic depsipeptides beauvericin and enniatins are also positioned as mycotoxins. However, as there are hundreds more fungal cyclic depsipeptides already identified, should these not be considered as mycotoxins as well? The current status of the mycotoxin definition revealed a lack of consistency, leading to confusion about what compounds should be called mycotoxins. Because this is of pivotal importance in risk assessment prioritization, a clear and quantitatively expressed mycotoxin definition is proposed, based on data of widely accepted mycotoxins. Finally, this definition is applied to a set of fungal cyclic depsipeptides, revealing that some of these should indeed be considered as mycotoxins.","PeriodicalId":53200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis","volume":"34 1","pages":"114 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10590501.2016.1164561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59700416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}