aBIOTECH最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking epigenetic breeding potential in tomato and potato","authors":"Pingxian Zhang,&nbsp;Yuehui He,&nbsp;Sanwen Huang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00184-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00184-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) and potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>), two integral crops within the nightshade family, are crucial sources of nutrients and serve as staple foods worldwide. Molecular genetic studies have significantly advanced our understanding of their domestication, evolution, and the establishment of key agronomic traits. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic modifications act as “molecular switches”, crucially regulating phenotypic variations essential for traits such as fruit ripening in tomatoes and tuberization in potatoes. This review summarizes the latest findings on the regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in these crops and discusses the integration of biotechnology and epigenomics to enhance breeding strategies. By highlighting the role of epigenetic control in augmenting crop yield and adaptation, we underscores its potential to address the challenges posed by a growing global population as well as changing climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"507 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00184-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiophanate-methyl and its major metabolite carbendazim weaken rhizobacteria-mediated defense responses in cucumbers against Fusarium wilt","authors":"Kai Cui,&nbsp;Xiaoming Xia,&nbsp;Youwei Wang,&nbsp;Yueli Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Junli Cao,&nbsp;Jun Xu,&nbsp;Fengshou Dong,&nbsp;Xingang Liu,&nbsp;Xinglu Pan,&nbsp;Yongquan Zheng,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wu","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00181-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00181-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of fungicides on the plant-rhizosphere microbiome is a subject of ongoing debate, but whether any alteration in the rhizosphere microbiome could affect plant health is an issue that has not been thoroughly investigated. To address this deficiency, we analyzed the rhizosphere microbiome of wilt disease—resistant and disease-susceptible cucumber cultivars to determine whether (and which) plant-associated microorganisms have a role in disease resistance. We further assessed whether the fungicides thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim affect the rhizosphere microbiome, which may contribute to the plant’s immune response. Based on results acquired with both radicle-inoculation and soil-inoculation methods, cultivars Longyuanxiuchun (LYXC) and Shuyan2 (SY2) were identified as being disease resistant, whereas Zhongnong6 (ZN6) and Zhongnong38 (ZN38) were susceptible. The microbiome structure differed substantially between the resistant and susceptible plants, with LYXC and SY2 each having a significantly greater Shannon index than Zhongnong38. These results revealed that the disease-resistant cucumber cultivars recruited more beneficial bacteria, i.e., <i>Bacillus</i>, in their rhizosphere soil; as such, <i>Bacillus</i> was identified as a keystone genus in the microbial co-occurrence network. Thus, the presence of <i>Bacillus</i> may help cucumbers defend against fungal pathogens within the rhizosphere. <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain LD15, which was isolated from LYXC rhizosphere soil, could suppress pathogen growth, in vitro, and reduce disease severity in pot assays. Moreover, evidence also confirmed the accumulation of LD1 in the rhizosphere soil of resistant cucumber cultivars. For LYXC, application of thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim altered the microbiome structure, decreased bacterial diversity, and reduced the abundance of <i>Bacillus</i> species. Finally, pot assays verified that fungicide application decreased the proportion of LD15 in rhizosphere soil. From a microbial perspective, thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim may weaken the rhizobacteria-mediated defense response of cucumbers against cucumber Fusarium wilt disease. Our findings reveal a role for the rhizosphere microbiome in protecting plants from pathogens and constitute a reference for assessing the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides to non-target soil microorganisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"417 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00181-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional retrogression of LOFSEPs in specifying floral organs in barley","authors":"Chaoqun Shen,&nbsp;Xiujuan Yang,&nbsp;Duoxiang Wang,&nbsp;Gang Li,&nbsp;Matthew R. Tucker","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00182-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00182-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The barley genome encodes a complete set of MADS-box proteins sharing homology with components of the ABCDE model, which explains the molecular basis of floral organ identity in angiosperm flowers. Although the E-class members are universally expressed across floral whorls and crucial for flower development in Arabidopsis and rice, the functional role of the barley E-class LOFSEP subfamily (comprising MADS1, MADS5, and MADS34) remains elusive, particularly during spikelet formation. Here, we characterize the single, double and triple <i>lofsep</i> mutants in barley in an attempt to overcome the anticipated genetic redundancy. Surprisingly, loss of function of all LOFSEP members only disturbs lemma development, either converting this hull organ into a leaf-like structure or reducing its size. The inner organs, including lodicules, anthers and pistil remain unaffected. A systematic interrogation of how ABCDE class genes are affected in all whorls of the mutants was undertaken. Generally, in the lemma and palea of the <i>lofsep</i> mutants, A- and E-class genes are hyperactivated, B- and C- classes are slightly repressed, and D-class genes show unchanged expression in these inner organs. Intriguingly, loss of function of <i>MADS6</i>, an <i>AGL6</i> member closely related to the E-class genes, leads to most organs being transformed into lemma-like organs with new spikelets generated from the center of the flower. Contrasting with rice, these findings suggest barley LOFSEPs may have regressed in determining floral organ identity, and this could be partially compensated by HvMADS6.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00182-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-throughput protocol for testing heat-stress tolerance in pollen","authors":"Chenchen Zhao,&nbsp;Abu Bakar Siddique,&nbsp;Ce Guo,&nbsp;Sergey Shabala,&nbsp;Chengdao Li,&nbsp;Zhonghua Chen,&nbsp;Rajeev Varshney,&nbsp;Meixue Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00183-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00183-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viable pollen is crucial for fertilization, but pollen is generally highly susceptible to heat stress. A quick, reliable method for testing the heat-stress tolerance of pollen is needed to improve the heat-stress tolerance in plants, but current methods require considerable space and labor. In addition, many such methods only test tolerance to a single constant temperature, making it time-consuming to screen heat tolerance over a wide temperature range and to examine the dynamics of pollen viability at different temperatures. To address this issue, we aimed to: (1) develop an easy, reliable method for measuring pollen viability at different temperatures; and (2) identify the best temperature range for screening pollen with high heat-stress tolerance. We harvested mature pollen from wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) plants and transferred it to a 96-well plate filled with liquid medium containing sucrose. We placed the plate in a PCR machine operating under a gradient PCR program to simultaneously test a range of temperatures. After incubating the pollen for 4 h, at temperatures ranging from 21.9 to 47 °C, we examined the pollen grains under a light microscope and employed a specific image analysis pipeline to assess the effects of temperature on pollen morphology, germination, and tube growth. This method facilitated the high-throughput screening of many pollen samples, enabling rapid, reliable, and precise analysis of pollen viability in response to temperature. Our approach should be applicable to other plant species and could be used to identify quantitative trait loci or genes influencing heat stress tolerance in pollen for breeding programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 1","pages":"63 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00183-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The RUBY reporter for visual selection in soybean genome editing","authors":"Li Chen,&nbsp;Yupeng Cai,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Liu,&nbsp;Weiwei Yao,&nbsp;Shuiqing Wu,&nbsp;Wensheng Hou","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00156-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00156-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"519 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00156-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a genome‐editing system to create fragrant germplasm in sweet sorghum","authors":"Zixiang Cheng,&nbsp;Ke Li,&nbsp;Hongxiu Liu,&nbsp;Xingen Wei,&nbsp;Tao Yin,&nbsp;Xin Xing,&nbsp;Lida Han,&nbsp;Yi Sui","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00180-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00180-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sorghum, the fifth largest global cereal crop, comprises various types, such as grain, sweet, forage, and biomass sorghum, delineated by their designated end uses. Among these, sweet sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) stands out for its unique versatility, exceptional abiotic stress tolerance and large biomass serving the multi-purpose of high-sugar forage, syrup, and biofuel production. Despite its significance, functional genomic research and biotechnological breeding in sweet sorghum are still in nascent stages, necessitating more efficient genetic transformation and genome-editing techniques. This study unveils Gaoliangzhe (GZ), an elite sweet sorghum variety for heightened resistance to salinity and drought. Through the establishment of an <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>‐mediated genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing system in GZ, a breakthrough is achieved. Using genome-editing technology, we first produced a fragrant sweet sorghum line by targeting the <i>BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2</i> (<i>SbBADH2</i>) gene. Our results establish a strong foundation for further functional genomic research and biotechnological breeding of sweet-sorghum varieties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"502 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00180-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prime editing enables precise genome modification of a Populus hybrid","authors":"Jinpeng Zou,&nbsp;Yuhong Li,&nbsp;Kejian Wang,&nbsp;Chun Wang,&nbsp;Renying Zhuo","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00177-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00177-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has been extensively employed in the breeding and genetic improvement of trees, yet precise editing remains challenging in these species. Prime editing (PE), a revolutionary technology for precise editing, allows for arbitrary base substitutions and the insertion/deletion of small fragments. In this study, we focused on the model tree poplar 84K (<i>Populus alba</i> × <i>P. glandulosa</i>). We used the <i>2</i> × <i>35S</i> promoter to express a fusion protein of spCas9 nickase (nCas9) and engineered Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV), and the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana AtU6</i> promoter to express an engineered PE guide RNA (epegRNA) and Nick gRNA, pioneering the establishment of the Prime Editor 3 (PE3) system in dicot poplar. Single-base substitutions, multiple-base substitutions, and small-fragment insertions/deletions were edited into three endogenous target genes. The desired edits were identified in hygromycin-resistant (transformed) calli at seven out of nine target sites, with an average editing efficiency ranging from 0.1 to 3.6%. Furthermore, stable T₀ plants contained the desired edits at four out of nine targets, with editing efficiencies ranging from 3.6 to 22.2%. Establishment of the PE3 system provides a powerful tool for the precise modification of the poplar genome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"497 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00177-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Characterization and functional analysis of gerbera plant defensin (PDF) genes reveal the role of GhPDF2.4 in defense against the root rot pathogen Phytophthora cryptogea","authors":"Chunzhen Cheng,&nbsp;Huan Wu,&nbsp;Yongyan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00179-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00179-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"520 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00179-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of database choice and confidence score on the performance of taxonomic classification using Kraken2","authors":"Yunlong Liu,&nbsp;Morteza H. Ghaffari,&nbsp;Tao Ma,&nbsp;Yan Tu","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00178-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00178-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate taxonomic classification is essential to understanding microbial diversity and function through metagenomic sequencing. However, this task is complicated by the vast variety of microbial genomes and the computational limitations of bioinformatics tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of reference database selection and confidence score (CS) settings on the performance of Kraken2, a widely used k-mer-based metagenomic classifier. In this study, we generated simulated metagenomic datasets to systematically evaluate how the choice of reference databases, from the compact Minikraken v1 to the expansive nt- and GTDB r202, and different CS (from 0 to 1.0) affect the key performance metrics of Kraken2. These metrics include classification rate, precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy of true versus calculated bacterial abundance estimation. Our results show that higher CS, which increases the rigor of taxonomic classification by requiring greater k-mer agreement, generally decreases the classification rate. This effect is particularly pronounced for smaller databases such as Minikraken and Standard-16, where no reads could be classified when the CS was above 0.4. In contrast, for larger databases such as Standard, nt and GTDB r202, precision and F1 scores improved significantly with increasing CS, highlighting their robustness to stringent conditions. Recovery rates were mostly stable, indicating consistent detection of species under different CS settings. Crucially, the results show that a comprehensive reference database combined with a moderate CS (0.2 or 0.4) significantly improves classification accuracy and sensitivity. This finding underscores the need for careful selection of database and CS parameters tailored to specific scientific questions and available computational resources to optimize the results of metagenomic analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"465 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00178-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple, highly efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated moss transformation system with broad applications","authors":"Ping Zhou,&nbsp;Xiujin Liu,&nbsp;Yuqing Liang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Li,&nbsp;Daoyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00174-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00174-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mosses, particularly desiccation-tolerant (DT) species, are important model organisms for studying genes involved in plant development and stress resistance. The lack of a simple and efficient stable moss transformation system has hindered progress in deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying traits of interest in these organisms. Here, we present an <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation system for DT mosses that uses <i>Agrobacterium</i> strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA1301-GUS. This system achieved transformation efficiencies of 74% and 81% in <i>Physcomitrium patens</i> and <i>Bryum argenteum</i> protonemata, respectively, without the need for culture and callus formation prior to regeneration. We detected GUS enzyme activity in the regenerated transgenic moss via histochemical staining. Southern blot, PCR, and RT-qPCR analyses confirmed the presence of the <i>GUS</i> gene. In addition, we successfully used this system to transform wild DT <i>Syntrichia caninervis</i>. Furthermore, <i>P. patens</i> and <i>B. argenteum</i> transformed using this system with the stress resistance gene <i>EsDREB</i> from the desert plant <i>Eremosparton songoricum</i> (Litv.) exhibited improved salt tolerance. We thus present an efficient tool for the genetic analysis of DT moss species, paving the way for the development of stress-resistant crop cultivars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"5 4","pages":"476 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00174-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}